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The herb (referred to as "Di Song" or related plant, textually represented by a specific character in the original, here translated based on context as the herb described) has a sweet and bitter taste, is cold in nature, and is non-toxic. It primarily treats the five types of strangury (five categories of painful urinary disorders), promotes urination, stops watery dysentery, eliminates malaria, and relieves deficiency-heat and thirst. It should be taken as a decoction or fresh juice. It grows near old ruins and along roadsides.

The *Xinxiu Bencao* (Newly Revised Materia Medica) of the Tang Dynasty notes: The leaves resemble those of castor bean (*Ricinus communis*) but are smaller and thinner; it grows as a vine with fine thorns. It is commonly known as Ge Man. It was occasionally used in ancient prescriptions. According to other versions' annotations found later: It is also called Laimei Cao. The stems and leaves are harvested in April and May and dried in the sun. (This note is attached prior to the Tang edition). Minister Yuxi et al. carefully noted according to the Shu edition's illustrated classic: It grows as a vine. The leaves resemble hemp, the flowers are yellowish-white, and the seeds resemble hemp seeds. It is commonly known as Ge Le Man. The leaves are harvested in summer for use. It is abundant in ruins and fields everywhere.

The *Bencao Tujing* (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica) states: This herb's place of origin was not recorded in older texts, stating it grows near old ruins and roadsides; now it is found everywhere. The leaves resemble castor bean leaves but are smaller and thinner, growing as a vine with fine thorns. The flowers are yellowish-white, and the seeds resemble hemp seeds. The stems and leaves are harvested in April and May and dried for use. It is commonly known as Ge Man, also named Ge Le Man. Wei Zhou's *Duxing Fang* (Single Journey Prescriptions) from the Tang Dynasty treats cases of widespread leprosy-like sores. Use one dan of the herb, boil in two shi of water until reduced to one shi, and soak the sores. It will heal in no more than three applications. However, the *Shennong Benjing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) lacks records of its efficacy in treating sores. Additionally, Wei Dan treats Gao Strangury (strangury with thick urine). Crush the fresh herb to obtain three sheng of juice, mix with two he of vinegar, and take all at once on an empty stomach. White, milky urine should be discharged. It also treats chronic dysentery progressing into childhood malnutrition (gan syndrome). Take the dried vines, crush and sieve them, and blow the powder into the anus using a tube according to the severity. Healing occurs miraculously within three or four applications.

*Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning) states: This herb is Ge Le Man. It treats deficiency-heat after sweating in Shanghan (Cold Damage) disease. Cut, grind, and take the fresh juice, drinking one he, which leads to recovery.

Heshi (Herba Cnidii / Seed of Cnidium)
Has a bitter taste, is neutral in nature, and has slight toxicity. It primarily treats roundworms (Ascaris) and pinworms. It is used as a powder, administered with fatty meat juice, one cun bi in dose. It is also used in pills and powders. It grows in the Western Rong regions.

The *Xinxiu Bencao* (Newly Revised Materia Medica) of the Tang Dynasty notes: The seeds resemble those of mugwort (*Artemisia argyi*) but are finer; the leaves and stems are used together. The Hu name is Hushi. According to other version annotations: It treats heart pain. Mix half a cun bi with light vinegar, and take it; recovery is immediate. Those from Persia are superior; it is now also produced in Shangdang. Its potency is weaker than that from Persia. (This note is attached prior to the Tang edition).

Minister Yuxi et al. carefully noted according to Ri Hua Zi: It is cool in nature and non-toxic. It kills parasites in the five zang organs, stops malaria, and can be applied externally to malignant sores.

The *Bencao Tujing* (Illustrated Classic of Materia Medica) states: Heshi grows in the Western Rong regions; now it is found throughout Jianghuai and between Heng and Xiang. Sprouts emerge in spring; the leaves are wrinkled like perilla (*Perilla frutescens*), large, pointed, long, and not smooth. They grow about two chi tall. Yellowish-white flowers appear in July, resembling chrysanthemum. Fruits mature in August; the seeds are extremely sharp and fine, turning yellow-black when dry. Harvesting can be done at any time. Southerners call its leaves "Huo". Carefully noted: "Kui" (pronounced "Hui") is indeed "Huo". Although the flowers and fruits are similar, they are different plants and must not be mixed. In antiparasitic formulas, this is the most important ingredient. *Gujin Luyan* (Ancient and Modern Recorded Verification) treats heart pain caused by roundworm biting. Take ten liang of Heshi, crush and sieve, mix with honey, and form pills the size of wutong seeds. Swallow forty pills on an empty stomach with honey water, increasing daily to fifty pills. Avoid alcohol and meat. Wei Yun suffered from heart pain for ten years without cure; seeing this prescription among miscellaneous ones, taking it led to recovery. Li Jiang's *Bingbu Shouji Fang* (Military Department Hand-collected Prescriptions) treats children's abdominal and heart pain caused by roundworm biting. It also uses Heshi alone, finely ground, administered with fatty pork juice. For a five-year-old, administer two fen per dose; stop when worms are expelled. Other dosages should be adjusted according to judgment.

*Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials of the Outer Cabinet): Yannian's method for treating roundworms, vomiting water, and heart pain. Three liang of Heshi powdered, formed into honey pills. Take twenty pills at dawn with jiangshui (fermented grain liquid). *Qianjin Fang* (Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold): Treats heart pain caused by worm biting. One liang of Heshi powdered, taken on an empty stomach with warm vinegar. Worms should be expelled. Shen Cunzhong's *Bitan* (Brush Talks) states that Disong is Tianmingjing (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi? No, likely *Lycopus* or *Carpesium*, text says *Tianmingjing* which is *Lycopus lucidus* fruit usually, but context implies confusion). Heshi refers to its seed/fruit.