诸疝者，阴气积于内，复为寒气所加，使荣卫不调，血气虚弱，故风冷入其腹内而成疝
也。疝者，痛也。或少腹痛，不得大小便；或手足厥冷，绕脐痛，白汗出；或冷气逆上抢心
腹，令心痛；或里急而腹痛。此诸候非一，故云诸疝也。
脉弦紧者，疝也。
寒疝者，阴气积于内，则卫气不行，卫气不行，则寒气盛也。故令恶寒不欲食，手足厥
冷，绕脐痛，白汗出，遇寒即发，故云寒疝也。其脉弦紧者是也。其汤熨针石，别有正方，
补养宣导，今附于后。
《养生方·导引法》云∶蹲踞，以两手举足，蹲极横。治气冲肿痛，寒疝入上下。
致肾气法∶蹲踞，以两手捉趾令离地，低跟极横挽，自然一通，愈荣冲中痛。
夫寒疝心痛，阴气积结所生也。阴气不散，则寒气盛；寒气盛，则痛上下无常，言冷气
上冲于心，故令心痛也。
此由阴气积于内，寒气结搏而不散，腑脏虚弱，故风邪冷气与正气相击，则腹痛里急，
故云寒疝腹痛也。
此由腑脏虚弱，风邪客于其间，与真气相击，故痛。其痛随气上下，或上冲于心，或在
于腹，皆由寒气所作，所以谓之寒疝心腹痛也。
积聚者，由寒气在内所生也。血气虚弱，风邪搏于腑脏，寒多则气涩，气涩则生积聚也
。积者阴气，五脏所生，始发不离其部，故上下有所穷已。聚者阳气，六腑所生也，故无根
本，上下无所留止。但诸脏腑受邪，初未能为积聚，邪气留滞不去，乃成积聚。其为病也，
或左右胁下如覆杯；或脐上下如臂；或胃脘间覆大如盘，羸瘦少气；或洒淅寒热，四肢不收
，饮食不为肌肤；或累累如桃李；或腹满呕泄，寒即痛。故云寒疝积聚也。
其脉快而紧，积聚；浮而牢，积聚。牢强急者生，虚弱急者死。
Zhu Shan (Various Hernias) refers to the accumulation of Yin Qi (Yin pathogenic factors) internally, compounded by the invasion of Cold Qi (Cold pathogenic factor), leading to disharmony between Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi), and deficiency of Blood and Qi. Consequently, Wind-Cold enters the abdomen, resulting in hernia. "Shan" implies pain. Symptoms may include: lower abdominal pain with inability to urinate or defecate; coldness of the hands and feet, periumbilical pain, and profuse sweating; rebellious Cold Qi rushing upward to strike the heart and abdomen, causing heart pain; or abdominal urgency and pain. Since these manifestations are not singular, they are collectively termed "Zhu Shan."
A wiry and tight pulse indicates hernia.
Han Shan (Cold Hernia) arises from the internal accumulation of Yin Qi, which impedes the movement of Wei Qi. When Wei Qi fails to circulate, Cold Qi becomes excessive. This leads to aversion to cold, loss of appetite, cold extremities, periumbilical pain, and sweating. The condition is triggered by exposure to cold, hence the name "Han Shan." The corresponding pulse is wiry and tight. Decoctions, moxibustion/warming therapies, acupuncture, and stone therapy for Han Shan have separate specific formulas. Methods for tonification, nourishment, and Daoyin (guiding and pulling exercises) are appended below.
The *Yangsheng Fang* (Prescriptions for Nourishing Life) · *Daoyin Fa* states: Assume a squatting position, lift both feet with your hands, squat to the limit, and stretch laterally. This treats Qi-chong swelling and pain, as well as upper and lower disorders caused by Cold Hernia.
Method to Cultivate Kidney Qi: Squat, grasp the toes with both hands to lift them off the ground, press the heels down maximally while stretching laterally. This naturally promotes circulation and cures pain in the Rong-Chong region.
Heart pain caused by Cold Hernia originates from the accumulation and knotting of Yin Qi. If Yin Qi does not dissipate, Cold Qi becomes excessive; when Cold Qi is excessive, pain occurs unpredictably up and down. This is due to Cold Qi rushing upward to the heart, causing heart pain.
This condition results from Yin Qi accumulating internally and Cold Qi condensing and binding without dispersing. Due to the weakness of the Zang-Fu organs, Wind-Cold pathogenic factors clash with Healthy Qi, resulting in abdominal pain and urgency, thus termed "Abdominal Pain of Cold Hernia."
This condition arises because the Zang-Fu organs are weak, allowing Wind-Cold pathogens to lodge within and clash with True Qi, causing pain. The pain moves up and down with the Qi flow; it may rush upward to the heart or remain in the abdomen. All such cases are caused by Cold Qi, hence termed "Heart and Abdominal Pain of Cold Hernia."
Ji-Zheng (Accumulation and Aggregation) diseases are generated by internal Cold Qi. With deficient Blood and Qi, Wind-Cold pathogens contend within the Zang-Fu organs. Excessive Cold causes Qi stagnation; Qi stagnation leads to the formation of Ji-Zheng. "Ji" (Accumulation) belongs to Yin and is generated by the Five Zang organs. It remains fixed at its site of origin, having definite boundaries above and below. "Zheng" (Aggregation/Gathering) belongs to Yang and is generated by the Six Fu organs. It lacks a fixed root and moves freely without staying in one place. However, mere pathogenic invasion of the Zang-Fu does not immediately constitute Ji-Zheng; only when the pathogen lingers and fails to disperse does Ji-Zheng form. Clinical manifestations include: masses under the lateral hypochondrium resembling an inverted cup; masses above or below the umbilicus resembling an arm; a large mass in the epigastrium resembling an inverted plate, accompanied by emaciation and shortness of breath; chills and fever alternating, flaccidity of the four limbs, and failure of food intake to nourish the muscles; multiple nodules resembling peaches or plums; abdominal distension, vomiting, diarrhea, and pain exacerbated by cold. Hence, this is referred to as "Cold Hernia and Accumulation-Aggregation."
A rapid and tight pulse indicates Accumulation-Aggregation; a floating and firm pulse also indicates Accumulation-Aggregation. A firm, strong, and rapid pulse suggests survival (favorable prognosis), whereas a weak and rapid pulse suggests death (unfavorable prognosis).