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Xuelin (Blood Strangury) is a severe form of Relin (Hot Strangury), characterized by blood in the urine, hence the name. The Heart governs the Blood; the circulation of Blood throughout the body penetrates the meridians and circulates among the Zang-Fu organs. When Heat is severe, the Blood scatters and deviates from its normal channels, overflowing and seeping into the Bladder (Pao), thereby forming Xuelin (Blood Strangury).

Hanlin (Cold Strangury) presents with symptoms of initial chills and shivering, followed by strangury. This is due to deficiency of Kidney Qi and cold invasion of the Lower Jiao. Cold Qi enters the Bladder and contends with Healthy Qi. When Cold prevails, chills occur leading to strangury; when Healthy Qi prevails, the chills resolve, allowing urination to proceed.

Frequent and copious urination results from deficiency-cold of the Bladder and laxity of the Bladder wall. The Kidney is a Zang organ; the Bladder is its Fu organ; they are exterior-interior partners and both govern water metabolism. Kidney Qi descends to the external genitalia. Since the Fu organ is deficient and cold, it cannot warm the Zang organ, resulting in pale and frequent urination. If nocturnal urination is particularly severe, it is because internal Yin Qi is generating excessively.

Frequent and urgent urination occurs because both the Bladder and the Kidney are deficient, allowing exogenous Heat to take advantage of this weakness. The Kidney and Bladder are exterior-interior partners governing water; Kidney Qi descends to the external genitalia. Having become deficient, these two meridians are susceptible to exogenous Heat. Deficiency fails to control water, causing frequency; Heat causes fluid flow to become sluggish, and sluggishness leads to incomplete or uncomfortable voiding, thus causing frequent urges to urinate.

Palpation of the Fuyang pulse (pulse at the Fuyang acupoint/region) showing rapidity indicates Stomach Heat, which leads to rapid digestion and increased appetite, hard stools, and frequent urination. For such conditions, treatments involving decoctions, moxibustion/warming applications, acupuncture, and stone therapy have specific formulas. Tonifying, nourishing, and Daoyin (guiding and pulling) exercises are attached below.

The *Yangsheng Fang · Daoyin Fa* states: Place the heels together against the knees to relieve frequent urination.
It also states: Lie supine, spread hands over the knees, place the heels obliquely under the buttocks, inhale through the mouth, vigorously vibrate the abdomen to its limit, and exhale through the nose for seven breaths. This removes frequent urination.

Urinary incontinence is caused by Kidney Qi deficiency and cold in the Lower Jiao. The Kidney governs water, and its Qi descends to the external genitalia. With Kidney deficiency and Lower Jiao cold, there is an inability to warm and control water fluids, resulting in urinary incontinence.
A Chi pulse (radial artery pulse at the cun-guan-chi position, distal aspect) that is excess-strong, accompanied by firm pain in the lower abdomen and urinary incontinence, indicates pathology. A Chi pulse that is deficient also indicates urinary incontinence. In Kidney disease presenting with urinary incontinence, the pulse should be deep and slippery. If it is instead floating and large, and the complexion should be black but appears yellow, this represents Earth overcoming Water, a counter-productive pattern (Ni), which is difficult to treat.