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Shanghan (Cold Damage Disease), after undergoing sweating therapy, continues to sweat excessively, leading to a deficiency of body fluids and extreme dryness in the Stomach. With latent heat in the Small Intestine, urination becomes obstructed.

This condition arises from excess pathogenic factors at the exterior and deficiency at the interior, allowing heat pathogens to enter vacuously and attack the intestines and stomach, resulting in the discharge of yellowish-red fluid; this is caused by heat toxicity.

This condition results from heat toxicity damaging the intestines and stomach, causing the discharge of pus and blood resembling fish brains, or like rotten meat juice, accompanied by high fever and abdominal pain; this is due to the prevalence of damp-toxic qi.

In Shanghan disease, if there is exterior excess and interior deficiency, heat pathogens enter vacuously and attack the intestines and stomach, leading to the discharge of yellowish-red fluid. If damp-toxic qi is prevalent, it causes abdominal pain, high fever, and the discharge of pus and blood resembling fish brains or rotten meat juice. If cold-toxic qi enters the Stomach, it causes abdominal fullness, body heat, and the passage of undigested food (Wan Gu Bu Hua). For cases of passing undigested food, one must not use exterior-attacking methods (sweating); if sweating occurs, abdominal fullness will inevitably result because both the exterior and interior are deficient. In Shanghan disease, if there has been no diarrhea for six or seven days, but subsequently fever and diarrhea appear, and the patient sweats incessantly, death ensues because there is only Yin without Yang (Yang collapse). Diarrhea with slight fever, thirst, and a weak pulse indicates that the disease will heal spontaneously. A deep and wiry pulse indicates tenesmus (Xia Zhong); a large pulse indicates the disease has not yet ceased; a faint and rapid pulse indicates the disease is about to stop spontaneously, and although there is fever, death will not occur. In Shaoyin disease, after eight or nine days, if the whole body and hands and feet become hot, and the heat resides in the Bladder, hematuria (Bian Xue) will certainly occur. Diarrhea with a floating and rapid pulse, and a naturally slippery pulse at the Chi position, indicates the patient will certainly pass pus and blood. In Shaoyin disease with diarrhea, if the diarrhea stops, and although there is aversion to cold and curling up, the hands and feet remain warm, the condition is treatable. In Yangming disease with diarrhea, a floating and large pulse indicates this is due to forcing purgation in a weak constitution. In Shanghan with diarrhea, occurring more than ten times a day, if the pulse is unexpectedly solid, it is a death sign.

This condition arises because initially, when the disease was contracted, toxic heat qi was abundant, and excessive consumption of cold medicines induced self-purging. After the disease process was interrupted and heat subsided, cold qi began to move, causing hardness and obstruction below the heart, belching with a smell of food, borborygmus (Fu Nei Lei Ming), and diarrhea; this is due to deficiency-cold of the Spleen and Stomach qi.

This condition arises from cold-toxic qi injuring the Taiyin Meridian. The Taiyin corresponds to the Lung. The Lung governs Qi; when Lung Qi is deficient, it is invaded by pathogenic heat. When pathogenic factors reside, distension occurs, leading to rebellious Qi (Shang Qi).