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This is caused by pathogenic heat lodging in the Lung. When there is heat in the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner), the person will necessarily desire to drink water. If water stagnates below the heart (epigastrium), it causes the Lung Qi to float upward. Since the Lung governs coughing, and the water qi takes advantage of this to invade, coughing ensues.

In Shaoyang disease (Taiyang Cold Damage), epistaxis (nosebleed) occurs due to the accumulation of heat in the five Zang organs. The Heart governs blood, and the Liver stores blood; when pathogenic heat injures the Heart and Liver, epistaxis results. "Nu" refers to bleeding from the nose. The Lung governs Qi and opens into the nose; since blood follows Qi in its circulation, it exits through the nose. In Yangming disease, dryness in the mouth with a desire only to rinse the mouth without swallowing indicates that epistaxis will certainly occur. Those prone to epistaxis should not be treated with diaphoresis (sweating methods) to release the exterior. If sweating leads to sweat on the forehead that is sticky and tight, fixed staring gaze, and inability to sleep, it is a critical sign. After loss of blood, one should not use diaphoresis; if sweating occurs, it leads to chills and trembling. With a floating and tight pulse, fever, and absence of sweating on the body, spontaneous epistaxis often leads to recovery.

This is caused by pathogens affecting the Yang meridians. Heat initially resides at the exterior; if diaphoresis should have been used but was not, pathogenic heat-toxin penetrates deeply, knotting within the five Zang organs, causing internal stasis and accumulation, thus leading to hematemesis (vomiting blood).

To distinguish Yin-Du (Yin Toxin) and Yang-Du (Yang Toxin) diseases: at the onset, observe the fingers and toes. Coldness indicates Yin-Du; warmth indicates Yang-Du. If coldness extends one to three cun, the disease is mild; if it reaches the elbows and knees, the disease is extreme, and beyond this point, it is difficult to treat. The manifestations of Yin-Yang Du are variable. Some have toxin upon onset; some develop toxicity after taking herbal decoctions for five or six days, or more than ten days without improvement. Symptoms include heavy body, stiff back, sore throat, inability to eat porridge, toxin attacking the Heart causing chest and abdominal irritability and pain, shortness of breath, cold limbs, vomiting; the body feels as if beaten, and macules appear. These are all symptoms. If severe cases persist beyond three days, they are difficult to treat. In Yang-Du, the face and eyes are red, or there is pus and blood in stool; in Yin-Du, the face and eyes are blue-green and the body is cold. If red macules appear, nine out of ten survive and one dies; if black macules appear, nine out of ten die and one survives. Yang-Du disease presents with a red face, macules like brocade patterns, sore throat, pus and blood in urine and stool. Untreated for seven days, death ensues; if treated within five days, it can be cured; after nine days, death occurs; after eleven days, death also occurs.

This refers to illness lasting twelve days or more, where all Six Meridians (Liu Jing) have been affected, or after treatments such as diaphoresis, emesis, or purgation have been applied but the syndrome remains unresolved. Pathogenic heat lingers in the Fu and Zang organs, causing variable clinical presentations, hence termed "Huai Shanghan" (Ruined/Complicated Cold Damage). Originally, Taiyang disease did not resolve but transferred to Shaoyang, presenting with hardness and fullness under the ribs, dry retching, inability to eat, alternating chills and fever. If no emesis or purgation has yet occurred and the pulse is deep and tight, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) should be given. If emesis, diaphoresis, or warm needle therapy have already been used, resulting in delirium and the resolution of typical Chai Hu syndromes, this is called "Huai Bing" (Ruined Disease). One must determine what error was made and treat according to the specific condition. At the Cun Kou (Radial artery) position, the pulse is surging, large, rapid, and slippery. Surging and large indicate abundant Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi); slippery and rapid indicate excess Wei Qi (Defensive Qi/Stomach Qi). Abundant Ying Qi means Yang is excessive, leading to depression and obstruction preventing outward expression. Excess Stomach Qi leads to firmness and difficulty with dry stools. The San Jiao (Triple Burner) becomes blocked, and body fluids do not circulate. If the physician induces sweating again while Yang Qi is excessive and unused, followed by repeated purgation, stomach dryness and heat accumulate, leading to abnormal bowel movements and difficult urination. Ying and Wei Qi clash, causing irritability, fever, eyes burning like fire, dry nose, red face, dry tongue, yellow and scorched teeth, and extreme thirst. Thus, passing through the meridians leads to complicated disease.