柴胡枳桔汤 和解表里法轻剂 俞氏经验方
川柴胡（一钱至钱半） 枳壳（钱半） 姜半夏（钱半） 鲜生姜（一钱） 青子芩（一钱至钱半） 桔
梗（一钱） 新会皮（钱半） 雨前茶（一钱）
【秀按】柴胡疏达腠理。黄芩清泄相火。为和解少阳之主药。专治寒热往来。故以之为君。凡外感之邪。初
传少阳三焦。势必逆于胸胁。痞满不通。而或痛或呕或哕。故必臣以宣气药。如枳、桔、橘、半之类。开达其
上中二焦之壅塞。佐以生姜。以助柴胡之疏达。使以绿茶。以助黄芩之清泄。往往一剂知。二剂已。惟感邪未
入少阳。或无寒但热。或无热但寒。或寒热无定候者。则柴胡原为禁药。若既见少阳症。虽因于风温暑湿。亦
有何碍。然此尚为和解表里之轻剂。学人可放胆用之。
柴芩双解汤 和解表里法重剂 俞氏经验方
柴胡（钱半） 生葛根（一钱） 羌活（八分） 知母（二钱） 炙草（六分） 青子芩（钱半）
生石膏（四钱研） 防风（一钱） 猪苓（钱半） 白蔻末（六分冲）
【秀按】少阳相火。郁于腠理而不达者。则作寒热。非柴胡不能达。亦非黄芩不能清。与少阳经气适然相
应。故以为君。若表邪未罢。而兼寒水之气者。则发寒愈重。证必身疼无汗。故必臣以葛根、羌、防之辛甘气
猛。助柴胡以升散阳气。使邪离于阴。而寒自已。里邪已盛。而兼燥金之气者。则发热亦甚。证必口渴恶热。
亦必臣以知母、石膏之苦甘性寒。助黄芩引阴气下降。使邪离于阳。而热自已。佐以猪苓之淡渗。分离阴。阳
不得交并。使以白蔻之开达气机。甘草之缓和诸药。而为和解表里之重剂。亦为调剂阴阳、善止寒热之良方
也。善用者往往一剂而瘳。
【廉勘】此王肯堂得意之方。俞氏加减而善用之。以奏殊功。全凭辨证精确。若率尔引用。适中王孟英柴、
葛、羌、防。随手乱投之诮矣。学人审慎之。
柴胡达原饮 和解三焦法 俞氏经验方
柴胡（钱半） 生枳壳（钱半） 川朴（钱半） 青皮（钱半） 炙草（七分） 黄芩（钱半） 苦
桔梗（一钱） 草果（六分） 槟榔（二钱） 荷叶梗（五寸）
【秀按】《内经》言邪气内薄五脏。横连膜原。膜者横膈之膜。原者空隙之处。外通肌腠。内近胃腑。即三焦之
关键。为内外交界之地。实一身之半表半里也。凡外邪每由膜原入内。内邪每由膜原达外。此吴又可治疫邪初
犯膜原。所以有达原饮之作也。今俞氏以柴芩为君者。以柴胡疏达膜原之气机。黄芩苦泄膜原之郁火也。臣以
枳、桔开上。朴、果疏中。青、槟达下。以开达三焦之气机。使膜原伏邪。从三焦而外达肌腠也。佐以荷梗透
之。使以甘草和之。虽云达原。实为和解三焦之良方。较之吴氏原方。奏功尤捷。然必湿重于热。阻滞膜原。
始为适宜。若湿已开。热已透。相火炽盛。再投此剂。反助相火愈炽。适劫胆汁而烁肝阴。酿成火旺生风。痉
厥兼臻之变矣。用此方者其审慎之。
蒿芩清胆汤 和解胆经法 俞氏经验方
青蒿脑（钱半至二钱） 淡竹茹（三钱） 仙半夏（钱半） 赤茯苓（三钱） 青子芩（钱半至三钱） 生
枳壳（钱半） 陈广皮（钱半） 碧玉散（包三钱）
【秀按】足少阳胆。与手少阳三焦。合为一经。其气化一寄于胆中以化水谷。一发于三焦以行腠理。若受湿
遏热郁。则三焦之气机不畅。胆中之相火乃炽。故以蒿、芩、竹茹为君。以清泄胆火。胆火炽。必犯胃而液郁
为痰。故臣以枳壳、二陈。和胃化痰。然必下焦之气机通畅。斯胆中之相火清和。故又佐以碧玉。引相火下
泄。使以赤苓。俾湿热下出。均从膀胱而去。此为和解胆经之良方。凡胸痞作呕。寒热如疟者。投无不效。
【廉勘】青蒿脑清芬透络。从少阳胆经领邪外出。虽较疏达腠理之柴胡力缓。而辟秽宣络之功。比柴胡为尤
胜。故近世喜用青蒿而畏柴胡也。
柴胡桂姜汤 和解偏重温通法 俞氏经验方 载《金匮要略》
柴胡（二钱至三钱） 川桂枝（钱半） 干姜（钱半） 清炙草（一钱） 花粉（三钱至四钱） 生牡
蛎（二钱） 黄芩（一钱） 阴阳水（四碗分二次煎）
【秀按】夏伤暑邪。深伏阴分。至深秋新感冷风。重伤卫阳。发为 疟。其证寒多热少。肢冷胁痛。故当温
和其阳。微和其阴。阳分君以柴胡。而分量独重者。以正疟不离乎少阳也。阴分君以花粉。而分量亦独重者。
以救液为急务也。臣以桂枝、干姜。和太阳阳明之阳。即以黄芩、牡蛎。和少阳阳明之阴。佐以甘草调和阴
阳。使以阴阳水。分其阴阳。俾得其平也。此为和解三阳。偏重温通之良方。然识见不到者。亦勿轻试。
【廉勘】阴阳水有三。一新汲水与百沸汤和匀。二河水与井水合用。三井泉水与天雨水同煎。拙见主天雨
水。与煎沸清泉水和匀。尤见妙用之深意。故阴阳水一名生熟汤。良有以也。至此方《金匮要略》云。初服微烦。
复服汗出即愈。前清王晋三曰。和得其当。一剂如神。然以予所验。惟营阴充足。内伏暑湿之邪。本不甚重。
而重感风寒表邪者。始易见功。但服一剂。即周身津津汗出而解。此亦惟藜藿体相宜。若膏粱体切勿轻用。
柴平汤 和解偏重温燥法 俞氏经验方
川柴胡（一钱） 姜半夏（钱半） 川朴（二钱） 清炙草（五分） 炒黄芩（一钱） 赤苓（三钱）
制苍术（一钱） 广橘皮（钱半） 鲜生姜（一钱）
【秀按】凡寒热往来。四肢倦怠。肌肉烦疼者。名曰湿疟。故以小柴胡合平胃二方加减。取其一则达膜。一
则燥湿。为和解少阳阳明。湿重热轻之良方。仲夏初秋。最多此证。历试辄验。但疟愈即止。不可多服耳。多
服则湿去燥来。反伤胃液。变证蜂起矣。
新加木贼煎 和解偏重清泄法 俞氏经验方
木贼草（钱半） 淡香豉（三钱） 冬桑叶（二钱） 制香附（二钱） 鲜葱白（三枚） 焦山栀（三钱）
粉丹皮（二钱） 夏枯草（三钱） 清炙草（五分） 鲜荷梗（五寸）
【秀按】木贼草味淡性温。气清质轻。色青中空。节节通灵。与柴胡之轻清疏达。不甚相远。连节用之。本
有截疟之功。故张景岳代柴胡以平寒热。俞氏加减其间。君以木贼。领葱、豉之辛通。从腠理而达皮毛。以轻
解少阳之表寒。臣以焦栀。领桑、丹之清泄。从三焦而走胆络。以凉降少阳之里热。佐以制香附疏通三焦之气
机。夏枯草轻清胆腑之相火。使以甘草和之。荷梗透之。合而为和解少阳。热重寒轻之良方。
柴胡白虎汤 和解偏重清降法 俞氏经方验
川柴胡（一钱） 生石膏（八钱研） 天花粉（三钱） 生粳米（三钱） 青子芩（钱半） 知母（
四钱） 生甘草（八分） 鲜荷叶（一片）
【秀按】柴胡达膜。黄芩清火。本为和解少阳之君药。而臣以白虎法者。以其少阳证少而轻。阳明证多而重
也。佐以花粉。为救液而设。使以荷叶。为升清而用。合而为和解少阳阳明。寒轻热重。火来就燥之良方。
柴胡陷胸汤 和解兼开降法 俞氏经验方
柴胡（一钱） 姜半夏（三钱） 小川连（八分） 苦桔梗（一钱） 黄芩（钱半） 栝蒌仁（杵，五钱）
小枳实（钱半） 生姜汁（四滴分冲）
【秀按】陶节庵曰。少阳证具。胸膈痞满。按之痛。若用柴胡枳桔汤未效。用小柴胡合小陷胸汤。一剂即
瘳。妙在苦与辛合。能通能降。且栝蒌之膜瓤。似人胸中之膜膈。善涤胸中垢腻。具开膈达膜之专功。故为少
阳结胸之良方。历试辄验。
【廉勘】小陷胸汤加枳桔。善能疏气解结。本为宽胸开膈之良剂。俞氏酌用小柴胡中主药三味。以其尚有寒
热也。减去参、草、枣之腻补。生姜用汁。辛润流利。亦其善于化裁处。
大柴胡汤 和解兼轻下法 俞氏经验方 载《伤寒论》
柴胡（二钱） 姜半夏（钱半） 小枳实（钱半） 鲜生姜（一钱） 黄芩（钱半） 生赤
芍（一钱） 生锦纹（六分） 大黑枣（二枚，去皮）
【秀按】少阳证本不可下。而此于和解中兼以缓下者。以邪从少阳而来。渐结于阳明。而少阳证未罢。或往
来寒热。或胸痛而呕。不得不借柴胡、生姜以解表。半夏、黄芩以和里。但里证已急。或腹满而痛。或面赤燥
渴。或便秘溺赤。故加赤芍以破里急。枳实、生军以缓下阳明将结之热。佐以大枣。以缓柴胡、大黄发表攻里
之烈性。而为和解少阳阳明、表里缓治之良方。但比小柴胡专于和解少阳一经者。力量较大。故称大。
小柴胡汤 和解兼益气法 俞氏经验方载《伤寒论》
川柴胡（一钱） 姜半夏（一钱） 东洋参（八分） 清炙草（六分） 青子芩（一钱） 鲜生姜（八
分） 大红枣（二枚）
【秀按】半表症。即往来寒热。胸胁苦满。指在腠理之风寒而言。半里证。即口苦、咽干、目眩。指在胆府
之里热而言。寒热互拒。所以有和解一法。君以柴胡解少阳在经之表寒。黄芩和少阳在腑之里热。犹恐表邪退
而里气虚。故臣以半夏、参、草。和胃阳以壮里气而御表。使以姜、枣。助少阳生发之气。调营卫以解表。盖
里气虚则不能御表。表邪反乘虚而入。识透此诀。始识仲景用参之精义。盖上焦得通。精液得下。胃气因和。
不强逼其汗。而自能微汗以解。此为和解少阳风寒。助胃化汗之良方。
【廉勘】小柴胡汤。惟风寒正疟。邪在少阳者。可以按法而投。若温热暑湿诸疟。邪从口鼻而受。肺胃之
气。先已窒滞。病发即不饥恶谷。脘闷苔黄。苟不分别。但执此汤奉为圣法。则参、甘、姜、枣。温补助邪。
骤则液涸神昏。缓则邪留结痞。且有耗伤阴液而成疟痨者。此王孟英阅历有得之言也。用此方者其审慎之。
柴胡四物汤 和解兼补血法 俞氏经验方
柴胡（八分） 仙半夏（一钱） 归身（一钱） 生白芍（二钱） 条芩（八分） 清炙草（六分）
生地（钱半） 川芎（七分）
【秀按】少阳证初病在气。久必入络。其血在将结未结之间。而寒热如疟。胸胁串痛。至夜尤甚者。陷入于
足厥阴之肝络也。若但据寒热现状。便投小柴胡原方。则人参、姜、枣、温补助阳。反令血愈亏而热愈结。热
结则表里闭固。内火益炽。立竭其阴而肝风内动矣。此方君以柴胡入经和气。即臣以川芎入络和血。妙在佐以
归、地、白芍之养血敛阴。即使以半夏、甘草之辛甘化阳。庶几阴阳和。俾阴液外溢则汗出。而寒热胁痛自止
矣。此为疏气和血。妊妇寒热之良方。
加减小柴胡汤 和解兼通瘀法 俞氏经验方
鳖血柴胡（一钱） 光桃仁（三钱） 归尾（钱半） 粉丹皮（二钱） 酒炒黄芩（一钱） 杜红花（一
钱） 生地（二钱） 益元散（三钱，包煎）
【秀按】妇人中风七八日。经水适断者。此为热入血室。其血必结。寒热如疟。发作有时。此方君以柴、
芩、和解寒热。臣以归尾、桃仁、破其血结。佐以生地、丹皮、凉血泄热。以清解血中之伏火。使以益元滑窍
导瘀。从前阴而出。此为和解寒热。热结血室之良方。
【廉勘】叶天士先生曰。妇人经水适来适断。邪陷血室。仲景立小柴胡汤。提出所陷热邪。用参枣扶胃气。
以冲脉隶属阳明也。此惟虚者为合治。若热邪陷入。与血相结者。当从陶氏小柴胡汤去参、草、姜、枣。加
生地、桃仁、楂肉、丹皮或犀角等。若本经血结自甚。必少腹满痛。身体重滞。两侧连胸背皆拘束不遂。每
多谵语如狂。当从小柴胡汤去参、草、枣。加酒炒延胡、归尾、桃仁、制香附、枳壳等。去邪通络。正合其
病。往往延久。上逆心包。胸中痹痛。即陶氏所谓血结胸也。王海藏出一桂枝红花汤加海蛤、桃仁。原为表里
上下一齐尽解之理。此方甚为巧妙。
柴胡羚角汤 和解偏重破结法 俞氏经验方
鳖血柴胡（二钱） 归尾（二钱） 杜红花（一钱） 碧玉散（三钱，包煎） 羚角片（三钱，先煎） 桃仁
（九粒） 小青皮（钱半） 炒穿甲（一钱） 吉林大参（一钱） 醋炒生锦纹（三钱） 临服调入牛黄膏（一钱）
【秀按】妇人温病发热。经水适断。昼日明了。夜则谵语。甚则昏厥。舌干口臭。便闭溺短。此为热结血
室。乃少阳内陷阳明厥阴之危候。外无向表之机。内无下行之势。是证之重而又重者也。此方君以鳖血柴胡。
入经达气。入络利血。提出少阳之陷邪。羚角解热清肝。起阴提神。臣以归尾、桃仁。破其血结。青皮下其冲
气。佐以穿甲、碧玉散、炒生军。直达瘀结之处。以攻其坚。引血室之结热。一从前阴而出。一从后阴而出。
妙在人参大补元气。以协诸药而神其用。牛黄膏清醒神识。以专治谵语如狂。此为和解阴阳。大破血结。背城
一战之要方。
附牛黄膏 凉透血络芳香开窍法 方出刘河间《六书》
西牛黄（二钱） 广郁金（三钱） 丹皮（三钱） 梅冰（一钱） 飞辰砂（三钱） 生甘草（一钱）
上药研至极细。用药汤频频调下。
Chaihu Zhijie Decoction (Bupleurum and Magnolia Bark Decoction) A mild agent for harmonizing the exterior and interior. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Chuan Chai Hu (1 qian to 1.5 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Zhi Ke (1.5 qian) [Aurantii Fructus Immaturus] Jiang Ban Xia (1.5 qian) [Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine] Xian Sheng Jiang (1 qian) [Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens] Qing Zi Qin (1 qian to 1.5 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Jie Geng (1 qian) [Platycodonis Radix] Xin Hui Pi (1.5 qian) [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium] Yu Qian Cha (1 qian) [Green Tea before Rain]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) disperses and unblocks the interstices (Cou Li). Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) clears and drains ministerial fire (Xiang Huo). They are the principal herbs for harmonizing Shaoyang (Lesser Yang). They specifically treat alternating chills and fever. Therefore, they serve as the sovereign herb. Whenever pathogenic factors from external contraction initially transmit to the Shaoyang Sanjiao (Triple Burner), they inevitably rebel in the chest and hypochondrium, causing stuffiness, fullness, and obstruction, accompanied by pain, vomiting, or hiccups. Thus, it is necessary to employ ministers that promote Qi movement, such as Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Ju Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), and Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma). These open and unblock the congestion of the Upper and Middle Jiao. Ginger (Sheng Jiang) is used as an assistant to aid Chai Hu's dispersing action. Green tea is used as an envoy to aid Huang Qin's clearing and draining action. Often, improvement is seen after one dose, and cure after two doses. However, if the pathogen has not entered the Shaoyang stage, or if there is only heat without chills, only chills without heat, or irregular patterns of chills and fever, Chai Hu is originally contraindicated. If Shaoyang symptoms are already present, even if caused by Wind-Warmth, Summer-Heat, or Dampness, what harm could there be? Nevertheless, this remains a mild agent for harmonizing the exterior and interior. Practitioners may use it with confidence.
Chaiqin Shuangjie Decoction (Bupleurum and Scutellaria Dual-Resolution Decoction) A heavy agent for harmonizing the exterior and interior. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Chai Hu (1.5 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Sheng Ge Gen (1 qian) [Puerariae Lobatae Radix] Qiang Huo (8 fen) [Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix] Zhi Mu (2 qian) [Anemarrhenae Rhizoma] Zhi Cao (6 fen) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle] Qing Zi Qin (1.5 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Sheng Shi Gao (4 qian, ground) [Gypsum Fibrosum] Fang Feng (1 qian) [Saposhnikoviae Radix] Zhu Ling (1.5 qian) [Polyporus] Bai Kou Mo (6 fen, mixed in) [Amomi Fructus Rotundus Powder]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] When Shaoyang Ministerial Fire is stagnant in the interstices and cannot penetrate, chills and fever occur. Only Chai Hu can penetrate it; only Huang Qin can clear it. This corresponds perfectly with the Qi of the Shaoyang channel. Therefore, they serve as the sovereign herbs. If exterior pathogens have not resolved and are combined with Cold-Water Qi, chills will be severe, and the syndrome must involve body ache and absence of sweating. Thus, it is necessary to employ ministers like Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), and Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), which are pungent, sweet, and potent. They assist Chai Hu in ascending and dispersing Yang Qi, causing the pathogen to leave the Yin level, and the chills will cease on their own. If interior pathogens are abundant and combined with Dry-Metal Qi, fever will be intense, and the syndrome must involve thirst and aversion to heat. It is also necessary to employ ministers like Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) and Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), which are bitter, sweet, and cold-natured. They assist Huang Qin in guiding Yin Qi downward, causing the pathogen to leave the Yang level, and the fever will cease on its own. Zhu Ling (Polyporus) is used as an assistant for its bland leaching property to separate Yin and Yang, preventing them from mingling. Bai Kou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus) is used as an envoy to open and unblock Qi mechanism, and Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle) moderates the various herbs. Thus, it becomes a heavy agent for harmonizing the exterior and interior, and also an excellent prescription for regulating Yin and Yang and effectively stopping chills and fever. Skilled users often achieve cure with one dose.
[Review by Lian:] This is a favorite formula of Wang Kentang. Mr. Yu modified it and used it skillfully to achieve remarkable results. It relies entirely on precise differentiation of syndromes. If cited rashly, one would fall into the ridicule pointed out by Wang Mengying regarding the indiscriminate use of Chai Hu, Ge Gen, Qiang Huo, and Fang Feng. Practitioners should exercise caution.
Chaihu Dayuan Yin (Bupleurum Reaching the Origin Infusion) A method for harmonizing the Sanjiao. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Chai Hu (1.5 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Sheng Zhi Ke (1.5 qian) [Aurantii Fructus Immaturus] Chuan Pu (1.5 qian) [Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex] Qing Pi (1.5 qian) [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride] Zhi Cao (7 fen) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle] Huang Qin (1.5 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Ku Jie Geng (1 qian) [Platycodonis Radix] Cao Guo (6 fen) [Tsaoko Fructus] Bing Lang (2 qian) [Arecae Semen] He Ye Geng (5 cun) [Nelumbinis Petiolus]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] The *Neijing* states that pathogenic factors internally press against the five Zang organs and horizontally connect to the Membrane Source (Mo Yuan). "Membrane" refers to the diaphragmatic membrane. "Source" refers to empty spaces. Externally connected to the muscle interstices, internally close to the stomach and intestines, it is the key of the Sanjiao. It is the boundary between interior and exterior, truly the half-exterior half-interior of the whole body. External pathogens usually enter internally via the Membrane Source, and internal pathogens usually reach externally via the Membrane Source. This is why Wu Youke created Dayuan Yin to treat epidemic pathogens initially invading the Membrane Source. Now, Mr. Yu uses Chai Hu and Huang Qin as sovereign herbs because Chai Hu disperses the Qi mechanism of the Membrane Source, and Huang Qin bitterly drains the stagnant fire of the Membrane Source. Ministers include Zhi Ke and Jie Geng to open the upper, Pu Huo and Cao Guo to soothe the middle, and Qing Pi and Bing Lang to reach the lower. This opens and unblocks the Qi mechanism of the Sanjiao, allowing the latent pathogens in the Membrane Source to reach the muscle interstices from the Sanjiao. He Ye Geng (Nelumbinis Petiolus) is used as an assistant to permeate. Gan Cao is used as an envoy to harmonize. Although called "Reaching the Origin," it is actually an excellent prescription for harmonizing the Sanjiao. Compared to Wu's original formula, it achieves results more rapidly. However, it is suitable only when Dampness is heavier than Heat, obstructing the Membrane Source. If Dampness has opened and Heat has penetrated, and Ministerial Fire is blazing, administering this formula again will instead intensify the Ministerial Fire, damaging Gallbladder juice and scorching Liver Yin, leading to complications of wind stirring due to excessive fire, including spasms and convulsions. Users of this formula must exercise caution.
Haoqin Qingdan Decoction (Artemisia Annua and Scutellaria Clearing Gallbladder Decoction) A method for harmonizing the Gallbladder Channel. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Qing Hao Nao (1.5 qian to 2 qian) [Artemisiae Annuae Herba Caput] Dan Zhu Ru (3 qian) [Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam] Xian Ban Xia (1.5 qian) [Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine] Chi Fu Ling (3 qian) [Poria cum Pinode] Qing Zi Qin (1.5 qian to 3 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Sheng Zhi Ke (1.5 qian) [Aurantii Fructus Immaturus] Chen Guang Pi (1.5 qian) [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium] Bi Yu San (3 qian, wrapped) [Jade Powder]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] The Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder and Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao combine to form one channel. Its Qi transformation resides in the Gallbladder to transform water and grain, and emanates in the Sanjiao to circulate through the interstices. If constrained by Dampness and stifled by Heat, the Qi mechanism of the Sanjiao becomes unsmooth, and the Ministerial Fire in the Gallbladder blazes. Therefore, Qing Hao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), and Zhu Ru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam) are used as sovereign herbs to clear and drain Gallbladder fire. Blazing Gallbladder fire must invade the Stomach, where fluids stagnate to form Phlegm. Therefore, Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) and Er Chen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) are used as ministers to harmonize the Stomach and resolve Phlegm. However, the Qi mechanism of the Lower Jiao must be smooth for the Ministerial Fire in the Gallbladder to become clear and harmonious. Thus, Bi Yu San (Jade Powder) is used as an assistant to guide Ministerial Fire downward. Chi Fu Ling (Poria cum Pinode) is used as an envoy so that Damp-Heat exits downward, all leaving via the Bladder. This is an excellent prescription for harmonizing the Gallbladder Channel. For cases of chest stuffiness and vomiting, or chills and fever resembling malaria, administration is invariably effective.
[Review by Lian:] Qing Hao Nao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba Caput) is clear, fragrant, and penetrates collaterals. It leads pathogens out from the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Channel. Although its power to disperse the interstices is milder than Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), its merit in dispelling filth and unblocking collaterals surpasses Chai Hu. Hence, modern practitioners prefer Qing Hao and fear Chai Hu.
Chaihu Guijiang Decoction (Bupleurum and Cinnamon Twig and Ginger Decoction) Harmonization leaning towards warming and unblocking. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu. Recorded in *Jingui Yaolue*.
Chai Hu (2 qian to 3 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Chuan Gui Zhi (1.5 qian) [Cinnamomi Ramulus] Gan Jiang (1.5 qian) [Zingiberis Rhizoma] Qing Zhi Cao (1 qian) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle] Hua Fen (3 qian to 4 qian) [Trichosanthis Radix] Sheng Mu Li (2 qian) [Ostreae Concha] Huang Qin (1 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Yin Yang Shui (4 bowls, decocted in two portions) [Yin-Yang Water]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Summer-Heat pathogens injure the body and lie deep in the Yin level. In late autumn, new exposure to cold wind severely damages Defensive Yang, resulting in malaria. The syndrome features more chills than fever, cold limbs, and hypochondriac pain. Therefore, one should warm the Yang slightly and harmonize the Yin slightly. In the Yang level, Chai Hu is the sovereign herb, with a heavier dosage, because regular malaria does not depart from Shaoyang. In the Yin level, Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix) is the sovereign herb, also with a heavier dosage, because preserving fluids is urgent. Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) and Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) are used as ministers to harmonize the Yang of Taiyang and Yangming. Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) and Mu Li (Ostreae Concha) are used to harmonize the Yin of Shaoyang and Yangming. Gan Cao is used as an assistant to harmonize Yin and Yang. Yin Yang Shui is used as an envoy to divide Yin and Yang, ensuring balance. This is an excellent prescription for harmonizing the Three Yang channels, leaning towards warming and unblocking. However, those lacking insight should not try it lightly.
[Review by Lian:] There are three types of Yin Yang Shui: 1. Freshly drawn water mixed evenly with boiling water. 2. River water combined with well water. 3. Spring water decocted with rainwater. My opinion favors rainwater mixed evenly with boiled spring water, which reveals profound subtlety in its application. Hence, Yin Yang Shui is also called Raw-Cooked Soup, which is justified. Regarding this formula, *Jingui Yaolue* states: "After the first dose, slight restlessness occurs; after repeated doses, sweating ensues and the patient recovers." Wang Jinshan of the late Qing dynasty said, "Harmonization is appropriate; one dose works like magic." However, based on my experience, it yields results only when Ying-Yin is sufficient, latent Summer-Damp pathogens are not severe, and the patient suffers a secondary severe exposure to Wind-Cold exterior pathogens. After taking one dose, profuse sweating over the whole body resolves the condition. This is suitable only for those with weak constitutions ("li huo"). Those with rich diets ("gao liang") should absolutely not use it lightly.
Chai Ping Tang (Bupleurum and Pingwei Decoction) Harmonization leaning towards warming and drying. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Chuan Chai Hu (1 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Jiang Ban Xia (1.5 qian) [Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine] Chuan Pu (2 qian) [Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex] Qing Zhi Cao (5 fen) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle] Chao Huang Qin (1 qian) [Scutellariae Radix Stir-fried] Chi Ling (3 qian) [Poria cum Pinode] Zhi Cang Zhu (1 qian) [Atractylodis Rhizoma Praeparatum] Guang Ju Pi (1.5 qian) [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium] Xian Sheng Jiang (1 qian) [Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Cases of alternating chills and fever, fatigue in the four limbs, and painful muscles are named Damp Malaria. Therefore, Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is combined with Pingwei San (Level the Stomach Powder) and modified. One aspect reaches the Membrane Source, while the other dries Dampness. It is an excellent prescription for harmonizing Shaoyang and Yangming, where Dampness is heavy and Heat is light. This syndrome is most common in midsummer and early autumn. It has been tested repeatedly with success. However, stop taking it once the malaria resolves; do not take it excessively. Excessive intake removes Dampness but brings Dryness, damaging Stomach fluids and causing numerous complications.
Xinjia Mu Zei Jian (Newly Added Equisetum Decoction) Harmonization leaning towards clearing and draining. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Mu Zei Cao (1.5 qian) [Equiseti Hiemalis Herba] Dan Xiang Chi (3 qian) [Sojae Seminem Praeparatum] Dong Sang Ye (2 qian) [Mori Folium] Zhi Xiang Fu (2 qian) [Cyperi Rhizoma Praeparatum] Xian Cong Bai (3 stalks) [Allii Fistulosi Bulbus] Jiao Shan Zhi (3 qian) [Gardeniae Fructus Carbonized] Fen Dan Pi (2 qian) [Moutan Cortex] Xia Ku Cao (3 qian) [Prunellae Spica] Qing Zhi Cao (5 fen) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle] Xian He Geng (5 cun) [Nelumbinis Petiolus]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Mu Zei Cao (Equiseti Hiemalis Herba) is bland in taste and warm in nature. Its Qi is clear, texture is light, color is green, and it is hollow inside. It connects node by node with spiritual efficacy. It is not very different from the light, clear, dispersing, and unblocking properties of Chai Hu. Used with nodes, it inherently has the function of arresting malaria. Therefore, Zhang Jingyue substituted Chai Hu with it to calm chills and fever. Mr. Yu modified it further. Mu Zei is used as the sovereign herb, leading the pungent and unblocking actions of Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus) and Xiang Chi (Sojae Seminem Praeparatum) from the interstices to the skin and hair, lightly resolving the exterior cold of Shaoyang. Jiao Shan Zhi (Gardeniae Fructus Carbonized) is used as the minister, leading the clearing and draining actions of Sang Ye (Mori Folium) and Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) from the Sanjiao to the Gallbladder collaterals, cooling and descending the interior heat of Shaoyang. Zhi Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma Praeparatum) is used as an assistant to unblock the Qi mechanism of the Sanjiao. Xia Ku Cao (Prunellae Spica) lightly clears the Ministerial Fire of the Gallbladder fu-organ. Gan Cao is used as an envoy to harmonize. He Geng (Nelumbinis Petiolus) permeates. Together, they form an excellent prescription for harmonizing Shaoyang, where Heat is heavy and Chills are light.
Chaihu Baibu Tang (Bupleurum and White Tiger Decoction) Harmonization leaning towards clearing and descending. An empirical formula verified by Mr. Yu.
Chuan Chai Hu (1 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Sheng Shi Gao (8 qian, ground) [Gypsum Fibrosum] Tian Hua Fen (3 qian) [Trichosanthis Radix] Sheng Jing Mi (3 qian) [Oryza Sativa Grain] Qing Zi Qin (1.5 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Zhi Mu (4 qian) [Anemarrhenae Rhizoma] Sheng Gan Cao (8 fen) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma] Xian He Ye (1 leaf) [Nelumbinis Folium]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Chai Hu reaches the Membrane Source, and Huang Qin clears fire. They are originally the sovereign herbs for harmonizing Shaoyang. Employing the White Tiger method as ministers is because the Shaoyang syndrome is few and mild, while the Yangming syndrome is many and severe. Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix) is used as an assistant to preserve fluids. He Ye (Nelumbinis Folium) is used as an envoy to ascend the clear. Together, they form an excellent prescription for harmonizing Shaoyang and Yangming, where Chills are light and Heat is heavy, and Fire seeks Dryness.
Chaihu Xiongtang Decoction (Bupleurum and Chest-Sinking Decoction) Harmonization combined with opening and descending. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Chai Hu (1 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Jiang Ban Xia (3 qian) [Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine] Xiao Chuan Lian (8 fen) [Coptidis Rhizoma] Ku Jie Geng (1 qian) [Platycodonis Radix] Huang Qin (1.5 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Gua Lou Ren (5 qian, pounded) [Benincasae Semen] Xiao Zhi Shi (1.5 qian) [Aurantii Fructus Immaturus] Sheng Jiang Zhi (4 drops, mixed in separately) [Zingiberis Rhizoma Juice]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Tao Ji'an stated: "When Shaoyang symptoms are complete, with chest and diaphragm stuffiness and fullness, and pain upon pressure, if Chaihu Zhijie Tang is ineffective, use Xiao Chai Hu Tang combined with Xiaoxiantang (Minor Chest-Sinking Decoction). Cure follows in one dose." The wonder lies in the combination of bitter and pungent, enabling both unblocking and descending. Moreover, the membranous pulp of Gua Lou (Benincasae Semen) resembles the membrane-diaphragm in the human chest. It excels at washing away greasy turbidity in the chest, possessing the specific function of opening the diaphragm and reaching the Membrane Source. Thus, it is an excellent prescription for Shaoyang Jie Xiong (Chest Binding in Shaoyang). It has been tested repeatedly with success.
[Review by Lian:] Xiaoxiantang added with Zhi Ke and Jie Geng excels at venting Qi and resolving knots. It is originally an excellent agent for widening the chest and opening the diaphragm. Mr. Yu selectively used three main herbs from Xiao Chai Hu Tang because chills and fever still exist. He removed the cloying tonics of Shen (Ginseng), Cao (Licorice), and Zao (Jujube). Using Ginger juice makes it pungent, moist, and smooth-flowing, demonstrating his skill in modification.
Dachaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) Harmonization combined with mild purgation. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu. Recorded in *Shanghan Lun*.
Chai Hu (2 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Jiang Ban Xia (1.5 qian) [Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine] Xiao Zhi Shi (1.5 qian) [Aurantii Fructus Immaturus] Xian Sheng Jiang (1 qian) [Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens] Huang Qin (1.5 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Sheng Chi Shao (1 qian) [Paeoniae Radix Rubra] Sheng Jin Wen (6 fen) [Rhei Radix et Rhizoma] Da Hei Zao (2 pieces, peeled) [Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Shaoyang syndrome is originally not suitable for purgation. However, this formula combines mild purgation with harmonization because the pathogen comes from Shaoyang and gradually binds in Yangming, while Shaoyang symptoms have not yet resolved. There may be alternating chills and fever, or chest pain with vomiting. It is imperative to borrow Chai Hu and Sheng Jiang to release the exterior, and Ban Xia and Huang Qin to harmonize the interior. But the interior syndrome is urgent: abdominal fullness and pain, red face, dry mouth and thirst, constipation, and dark urine. Therefore, Chi Shao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) is added to break interior urgency. Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) and Sheng Jun (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) are used to mildly purge the heat about to bind in Yangming. Da Zao (Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus) is used as an assistant to moderate the fierce nature of Chai Hu and Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) in releasing the exterior and attacking the interior. Thus, it becomes an excellent prescription for harmonizing Shaoyang and Yangming, treating the exterior and interior gently. However, compared to Xiao Chai Hu Tang, which specializes in harmonizing only the Shaoyang channel, its power is greater. Hence, it is called "Major."
Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) Harmonization combined with boosting Qi. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu. Recorded in *Shanghan Lun*.
Chuan Chai Hu (1 qian) [Bupleuri Radix] Jiang Ban Xia (1 qian) [Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine] Dong Yang Shen (8 fen) [Panax Ginseng Root] Qing Zhi Cao (6 fen) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle] Qing Zi Qin (1 qian) [Scutellariae Radix] Xian Sheng Jiang (8 fen) [Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens] Da Hong Zao (2 pieces) [Ziziphi Jujubae Fructus]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Half-exterior syndrome refers to alternating chills and fever and hypochondriac fullness and distress, referring to Wind-Cold in the interstices. Half-interior syndrome refers to bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, and vertigo, referring to interior heat in the Gallbladder fu-organ. Chills and heat mutually reject each other, hence the method of harmonization. Chai Hu is used as the sovereign herb to resolve the exterior cold of Shaoyang in the channel. Huang Qin is used to harmonize the interior heat of Shaoyang in the fu-organ. Fearing that after the exterior pathogen retreats, the interior Qi becomes deficient, Ban Xia, Shen (Ginseng), and Cao (Licorice) are used as ministers to harmonize Stomach Yang, strengthen interior Qi, and defend against the exterior. Sheng Jiang and Hong Zao are used as envoys to assist the generating Qi of Shaoyang, regulate Ying and Wei, and release the exterior. Since deficient interior Qi cannot defend against the exterior, exterior pathogens invade through the deficiency. Understanding this secret allows one to grasp the essence of Zhongjing's use of Ginseng. When the Upper Jiao is unblocked, essential fluids descend, and Stomach Qi harmonizes. Sweat is not forced, but micro-sweating occurs naturally to resolve the condition. This is an excellent prescription for harmonizing Shaoyang Wind-Cold and assisting the Stomach in generating sweat.
[Review by Lian:] Xiaochaihu Tang is applicable only for regular Wind-Cold malaria with pathogens in Shaoyang, administered according to the method. For Warm-Heat, Summer-Heat, and Dampness malaria, where pathogens enter via the nose and mouth, Lung and Stomach Qi is initially obstructed. Upon onset, there is lack of appetite and aversion to food, epigastric stuffiness, and yellow coating. If not differentiated, and this decoction is blindly revered as a holy method, the warming and tonifying nature of Shen, Gan Cao, Sheng Jiang, and Hong Zao will aid the pathogen. Acutely, fluids dry up and spirit becomes confused; chronically, pathogens remain and bind. Furthermore, Yin fluids may be consumed, leading to malaria consumption. These are insightful words from Wang Mengying based on experience. Users of this formula must exercise caution.
Chaihu Siwu Tang (Bupleurum and Four Substances Decoction) Harmonization combined with nourishing Blood. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Chai Hu (8 fen) [Bupleuri Radix] Xian Ban Xia (1 qian) [Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Zingibere et Alumine] Gui Shen (1 qian) [Angelicae Sinensis Radix] Sheng Bai Shao (2 qian) [Paeoniae Radix Alba] Tiao Qin (8 fen) [Scutellariae Radix] Qing Zhi Cao (6 fen) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle] Sheng Di (1.5 qian) [Rehmanniae Radix] Chuan Xiong (7 fen) [Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] Shaoyang syndrome begins in Qi. Over time, it enters the collaterals. The blood is in a state between binding and not binding, presenting with chills and fever resembling malaria, string-like pain in the chest and hypochondrium, worse at night. This indicates sinking into the Liver collaterals of Foot-Jueyin. If one merely observes the current chills and fever and administers the original Xiao Chai Hu Tang, the warming and tonifying properties of Ren Shen (Ginseng), Sheng Jiang, and Hong Zao will aid Yang, causing Blood deficiency to worsen and Heat to bind more tightly. Heat binding closes the interior and exterior, intensifying internal fire, instantly exhausting Yin and stirring internal Liver Wind. In this formula, Chai Hu is used as the sovereign herb to enter the channel and harmonize Qi. Chuan Xiong is used as the minister to enter the collaterals and harmonize Blood. The brilliance lies in using Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Di (Rehmanniae Radix), and Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) as assistants to nourish Blood and astringe Yin. Ban Xia and Gan Cao are used as envoys to generate Yang through pungent and sweet combinations. Thus, Yin and Yang harmonize. When Yin fluids overflow externally, sweating occurs, and chills, fever, and hypochondriac pain cease naturally. This is an excellent prescription for soothing Qi and harmonizing Blood, and for chills and fever in pregnant women.
Jiajian Xiaochaihu Tang (Modified Minor Bupleurum Decoction) Harmonization combined with promoting Blood circulation and removing stasis. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Die Xue Chai Hu (1 qian) [Bupleuri Radix Processed with Turtle Blood] Guang Tao Ren (3 qian) [Persicae Semen] Gui Wei (1.5 qian) [Angelicae Sinensis Radix Tail] Fen Dan Pi (2 qian) [Moutan Cortex] Jiu Chao Huang Qin (1 qian) [Scutellariae Radix Wine-Fried] Du Hong Hua (1 qian) [Carthami Flos] Sheng Di (2 qian) [Rehmanniae Radix] Yi Yuan San (3 qian, wrapped) [Benefit Primordial Powder]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] In women, Wind-Stroke for seven to eight days, with menstruation just stopping, this is Heat entering the Blood Chamber. The blood must bind, presenting with chills and fever resembling malaria, occurring at fixed times. In this formula, Chai Hu and Huang Qin are used as sovereign herbs to harmonize chills and fever. Gui Wei (Angelicae Sinensis Radix Tail) and Tao Ren (Persicae Semen) are used as ministers to break the blood binding. Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix) and Dan Pi (Moutan Cortex) are used as assistants to cool Blood and drain Heat, clearing latent fire in the Blood. Yi Yuan San (Benefit Primordial Powder) is used as an envoy to lubricate orifices and guide stasis out through the anterior yin. This is an excellent prescription for harmonizing chills and fever and treating Heat binding in the Blood Chamber.
[Review by Lian:] Master Ye Tianshi stated: "In women, when menstruation starts or stops, pathogens sink into the Blood Chamber. Zhongjing established Xiao Chai Hu Tang to extract the sunk heat pathogens, using Shen and Zao to support Stomach Qi, because the Chong Mai belongs to Yangming." This treatment is suitable only for deficiency patterns. If heat pathogens sink and bind with blood, one should follow Tao's modification of Xiao Chai Hu Tang: remove Shen, Cao, Jiang, and Zao. Add Sheng Di, Tao Ren, Hawthorn flesh, Dan Pi, or Rhinoceros Horn (Xi Jiao). If the blood binding in the original channel is severe, there must be lower abdominal fullness and pain, heavy and sluggish body, stiffness and inability to move in the sides connecting to chest and back, often with delirious speech resembling madness. One should follow Xiao Chai Hu Tang, remove Shen, Cao, and Zao. Add Yan Hu Suo (Corydalis Rhizoma) wine-fried, Gui Wei, Tao Ren, Zhi Xiang Fu, and Zhi Shi. Remove pathogens and unblock collaterals, fitting the disease perfectly. Prolonged cases may rise counterflow to the Pericardium, causing chest bi-pain, known as Blood Jie Xiong in Tao's terms. Wang Haicang proposed Guizhi Honghua Tang added with Haige (Concha Arcae) and Tao Ren. Originally intended for simultaneous resolution of exterior, interior, upper, and lower levels. This formula is very ingenious.
Chaihu Lingjiao Tang (Bupleurum and Antelope Horn Decoction) Harmonization leaning towards breaking bindings. An empirical formula by Mr. Yu.
Die Xue Chai Hu (2 qian) [Bupleuri Radix Processed with Turtle Blood] Gui Wei (2 qian) [Angelicae Sinensis Radix Tail] Du Hong Hua (1 qian) [Carthami Flos] Bi Yu San (3 qian, wrapped) [Jade Powder] Ling Jiao Pian (3 qian, decocted first) [Saigae Tataricae Cornu] Tao Ren (9 grains) [Persicae Semen] Xiao Qing Pi (1.5 qian) [Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride] Chao Chuan Jia (1 qian) [Mantis Oötheca] Ji Lin Da Shen (1 qian) [Panax Ginseng Root from Jilin] Cu Chao Sheng Jin Wen (3 qian) [Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Vinegar-Fried] Niu Huang Gao (1 qian, mixed in before taking) [Calculus Bovis Paste]
[Commentary by Xu Xiu:] In women with Warm Disease fever, with menstruation just stopping, clear during the day but delirious at night, even coma. Dry tongue, foul breath, constipation, and short urination. This is Heat binding in the Blood Chamber, a critical condition where Shaoyang sinks internally into Yangming and Jueyin. There is no outward tendency to the exterior, nor downward momentum internally. It is a severe case among severe cases. In this formula, Die Xue Chai Hu is used as the sovereign herb to enter the channel and reach Qi, enter the collaterals and benefit Blood, extracting the sunk pathogens of Shaoyang. Ling Jiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu) resolves heat, clears the Liver, raises Yin, and refreshes the spirit. Gui Wei and Tao Ren are used as ministers to break the blood binding. Qing Pi descends the Chong Qi. Chuan Jia, Bi Yu San, and Chao Sheng Jun are used as assistants to reach the site of blood stasis directly and attack hardness. The bound heat of the Blood Chamber is guided out, one pathway through the anterior yin, the other through the posterior yin. The brilliance lies in Da Shen (Ginseng) greatly boosting Original Qi to coordinate the various herbs and mystify their effects. Niu Huang Gao (Calculus Bovis Paste) clears the spirit and treats delirious speech resembling madness. This is an essential prescription for harmonizing Yin and Yang, greatly breaking blood bindings, and fighting a last stand.
Attached: Niu Huang Gao (Calculus Bovis Paste) Cooling and penetrating Blood Collaterals, Aromatic Opening Orifices Method. Formula from Liu Hejian's *Six Books*.
Xi Niu Huang (2 qian) [Calculus Bovis] Guang Yu Jin (3 qian) [Curcumae Radix] Dan Pi (3 qian) [Moutan Cortex] Mei Bing (1 qian) [Borneolum Syntheticum] Fei Chen Sha (3 qian) [Cinnabaris] Sheng Gan Cao (1 qian) [Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma]
The above herbs are ground to the finest powder. Mix frequently with medicinal decoction and administer.