人身络脉一十五，我今逐一从头举∶手太阴络为列缺，手少阴络即通里，手厥阴络为内
关，手太阳络支正是，手阳明络偏历当，手少阳络外关位，足太阳络号飞扬，足阳明络丰隆
记，足少阳络为光明，足太阴络公孙寄，足少阴络名大钟，足厥阴络蠡沟配，阳督之络号长
强，阴任之络为屏翳，脾之大络为大包，十五络名君须记。
十五络脉者，十二经之别络而相通焉者也。其余三络，为任督二脉之络，脾之大络，总
统阴阳诸络，灌溉于脏腑者也。《难经》谓三络为阳跷、阴跷二络，常考之无穴可指。且二
跷亦非十四经之正也。《针灸节要》以为任络曰尾翳，督络曰长强，诚得《十四经发挥》之
正理，加以脾之大络曰大包，此合十五络也。
手太阴之别络，名曰列缺。起于腕上分间，并太阴之经，直入掌中，散入鱼际。其病实
则手锐掌热，泻之；虚则欠KT ，小便遗数，补之。去腕寸半，别走阳明也。
手少阴之别络，名曰通里。去腕一寸，别走太阳，循经入于心中，系舌本，属目系，实
则支膈，泻之；虚则不能言，补之。
手厥阴之络，名曰内关。去掌二寸两筋间，别走少阳，循经上系于心包络心系
。实则心痛，泻之；虚则头强，补之。
手太阳之别络，名曰支正。上腕五寸，别走少阴，其别者，上走肘，络肩 。实则节
弛肘废，泻之；虚则生疣，小者如指痂疥，补之。
手阳明之别络，名曰偏历。去腕三寸，别走太阴；其别者，上循臂，乘肩 ，上曲颊
偏齿；其别者，入耳，合于宗脉。实则龋聋，泻之；虚则齿寒痹膈，补之。
手少阳之别络，名曰外关。去腕二寸，外绕臂，注胸中，别走手厥阴。实则肘挛，泻之
；虚则不收，补之。
足太阳之别络，名曰飞扬。去踝七寸，别走少阴。实则鼽窒，头背痛，泻之；虚则鼽衄
足少阳之别络，名曰光明，去踝五寸，别走厥阴，下络足跗。实则厥，泻之；虚则痿
，坐不能起，补之。
足阳明之别络，名曰丰隆。去踝八寸，别走太阴。其别者，循胫骨外廉，上络头项，合
诸经之气，下络喉嗌。其病气逆则喉痹，卒喑，实则狂癫，泻之；虚则足不收，胫枯，补
足太阴之别络，名曰公孙。去本节之后一寸，别走阳明。其别者，入络肠胃，厥气上逆
则霍乱。实则肠中切痛，泻之；虚则鼓胀，补之。
足少阴之别络，名曰大钟。当踝后绕跟，别走太阳；其别者，并经上走于心包下，外贯
腰脊。其病气逆烦闷，实则闭癃，泻之；虚则腰痛，补之。
足厥阴之别络，名曰蠡沟。去内踝五寸，别走少阳；其别者，经胫上睾，结于茎。其病
气逆则睾肿，卒疝，实则挺长，泻之；虚则暴痒，补之。
任脉之别络，名曰屏翳，下鸠尾，散于腹。实则腹皮痛，泻之；虚则痒搔，补之。
督脉之别络，名曰长强，侠膂上项，散头上，下当肩胛左右，别走太阳，入贯膂。实则
脊强，泻之；虚则头重高摇，补之。
脾之大络，名曰大包。出渊液下三寸，布胸胁，实则身尽痛，泻之；虚则百节尽皆纵，
凡此十五络者，实则必见，虚则必下，视之不见，求之上下。人经不同，络脉异所别也。
The human body possesses fifteen Luo-connecting vessels, which I shall now enumerate one by one: The Luo of Hand-Taiyin is Lieque (LI 7); the Luo of Hand-Shaoyin is Tongli (HT 5); the Luo of Hand-Jueyin is Neiguan (PC 6); the Luo of Hand-Taiyang is Zhizheng (SI 7); the Luo of Hand-Yangming is Pianli (LI 6); the Luo of Hand-Shaoyang is Waiguan (TE 5); the Luo of Foot-Taiyang is Feiyang (BL 58); the Luo of Foot-Yangming is Fenglong (ST 40); the Luo of Foot-Shaoyang is Guangming (GB 37); the Luo of Foot-Taiyin is Gongsun (SP 4); the Luo of Foot-Shaoyin is Dazhong (KI 4); the Luo of Foot-Jueyin is Ligou (LR 5); the Luo of Yang Du [Du Meridian] is Changqiang (GV 1); the Luo of Yin Ren [Ren Meridian] is Pingyi; the Great Luo of the Spleen is Dabao (SP 21). You must memorize the names of these fifteen Luo vessels.
These fifteen Luo-connecting vessels are the divergent Luo vessels of the twelve primary meridians that interconnect. The remaining three Luo vessels are those of the Ren and Du meridians, and the Great Luo of the Spleen, which command and control all Yin and Yang Luo vessels and irrigate the Zang-Fu organs. The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states that these three Luo vessels are those of the Yang Qiao and Yin Qiao meridians, but upon careful examination, no acupoints can be identified for them. Moreover, the Qiao meridians do not belong to the fourteen primary meridians. The *Zhen Jiu Jie Yao* (Essentials of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) considers the Ren Luo to be Wei Yi (likely referring to Juque or similar, text says Wei Yi/Pingyi contextually linked to Ren) and the Du Luo to be Changqiang (GV 1), which indeed aligns with the correct principles of the *Shi Si Jing Fa Hui* (Elucidation of the Fourteen Meridians). Adding the Great Luo of the Spleen named Dabao (SP 21), this totals fifteen Luo vessels.
The divergent Luo vessel of Hand-Taiyin is named Lieque (LU 7). It originates in the interspace above the wrist, runs parallel with the Hand-Taiyin meridian, enters directly into the palm, and scatters into the Thenar eminence (Yuji). Its pathological manifestations include heat in the sharp edge of the hand and the palm when in a Excess state, treated by draining; and yawning with frequent urination or enuresis when in a Deficiency state, treated by tonifying. It is located one-and-a-half cun from the wrist crease, diverging to connect with the Yangming meridian.
The divergent Luo vessel of Hand-Shaoyin is named Tongli (HT 5). It is located one cun from the wrist crease, diverges to connect with the Taiyang meridian, follows the meridian into the heart, connects with the root of the tongue, and attaches to the eye system. In an Excess state, it causes oppression in the chest and diaphragm, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes inability to speak, treated by tonifying.
The Luo vessel of Hand-Jueyin is named Neiguan (PC 6). It is located two cun from the palm center, between the two tendons, diverges to connect with the Shaoyang meridian, and follows the meridian upward to connect with the Pericardium and Heart system. In an Excess state, it causes heart pain, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes stiffness of the head and neck, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of Hand-Taiyang is named Zhizheng (SI 7). It is located five cun above the wrist, diverges to connect with the Shaoyin meridian. Its branch goes up to the elbow and connects with the shoulder. In an Excess state, it causes flaccidity of the joints and uselessness of the elbow, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes warts, small ones resembling scabies or crusts on the fingers, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of Hand-Yangming is named Pianli (LI 6). It is located three cun from the wrist, diverges to connect with the Taiyin meridian. Its branch ascends along the arm, passes over the shoulder, reaches the curved cheek, and connects with the teeth. Another branch enters the ear and merges with the Zong Mai (Grand Vessel). In an Excess state, it causes toothache and deafness, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes cold teeth and bi-syndrome blocking the diaphragm, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of Hand-Shaoyang is named Waiguan (TE 5). It is located two cun from the wrist, winds around the arm externally, pours into the chest, and diverges to connect with the Hand-Jueyin meridian. In an Excess state, it causes contraction of the elbow, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes inability to grasp, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of Foot-Taiyang is named Feiyang (BL 58). It is located seven cun from the ankle, diverges to connect with the Shaoyin meridian. In an Excess state, it causes nasal congestion and headache/back pain, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes nasal discharge and epistaxis.
The divergent Luo vessel of Foot-Shaoyang is named Guangming (GB 37). It is located five cun from the ankle, diverges to connect with the Jueyin meridian, and descends to connect with the dorsum of the foot. In an Excess state, it causes cold limbs (Jue), treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes flaccidity syndrome, making it difficult to rise from sitting, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of Foot-Yangming is named Fenglong (ST 40). It is located eight cun from the ankle, diverges to connect with the Taiyin meridian. Its branch follows the lateral aspect of the tibia, ascends to connect with the head and nape, gathers the Qi of all meridians, and descends to connect with the throat. Pathologically, if Qi rebels, it causes throat obstruction and sudden aphonia. In an Excess state, it causes mania and epilepsy, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes inability to hold the feet and emaciation of the shins, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of Foot-Taiyin is named Gongsun (SP 4). It is located one cun posterior to the base of the first metatarsal, diverges to connect with the Yangming meridian. Its branch enters and connects with the intestines and stomach. If rebellious Qi ascends, it causes Huoluan (cholera-like disorder). In an Excess state, it causes severe cutting pain in the intestines, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes abdominal distension like a drum, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of Foot-Shaoyin is named Dazhong (KI 4). It is located behind the ankle, winding around the heel, diverges to connect with the Taiyang meridian. Its branch ascends along the meridian to below the Pericardium, penetrates externally through the lumbar spine. Pathologically, it causes rebellious Qi leading to restlessness and stuffiness. In an Excess state, it causes urinary retention, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes lower back pain, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of Foot-Jueyin is named Ligou (LR 5). It is located five cun from the medial malleolus, diverges to connect with the Shaoyang meridian. Its branch ascends along the shin to the testicles, knotting at the penis. Pathologically, rebellious Qi causes swelling of the testicles and sudden hernia. In an Excess state, it causes priapism, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes sudden itching, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of the Ren Meridian is named Pingyi. It descends from Jiutui (CV 15) and scatters in the abdomen. In an Excess state, it causes pain in the skin of the abdomen, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes itching, treated by tonifying.
The divergent Luo vessel of the Du Meridian is named Changqiang (GV 1). It runs alongside the spinal muscles to the nape, scatters on the head, descends to the left and right of the shoulder blades, diverges to connect with the Taiyang meridian, and penetrates internally through the spinal muscles. In an Excess state, it causes rigidity of the spine, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes heaviness of the head and unsteady swaying, treated by tonifying.
The Great Luo of the Spleen is named Dabao (SP 21). It emerges three cun below Yuanlin (axillary area), spreads over the chest and hypochondrium. In an Excess state, it causes pain throughout the body, treated by draining; in a Deficiency state, it causes flaccidity of all joints.
Regarding these fifteen Luo vessels: in Excess states, they will necessarily appear (visible/distended); in Deficiency states, they will necessarily sink (invisible/collapsed). If they cannot be seen visually, seek them above and below. Since individuals' meridians differ, the points where the Luo vessels diverge also vary.