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The *Yuan Bing Shi* states: Bi (obstruction) refers to numbness or loss of sensation. It is commonly written as "Bi" (closure); closure means obstruction and stagnation. Fire pathogenic factors govern swelling; therefore, when heat pathogens invade the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner), it causes swelling in the pharynx and throat.

Zhang listed eight conditions: Ru E (Gooseberry Throat), Double Ru E, Single Bi Hou (Closed Throat), Double Bi Hou, Zi She Zhang (Child Tongue Swelling), Mu She Zhang (Wooden Tongue Swelling), Chan Hou Feng (Entangling Throat Wind), and Zou Ma Hou Bi (Running Horse Throat Closure). Heat qi ascends, thus transmitting to both sides of the throat. Swelling occurs near the exterior; due to its shape resembling a gooseberry, it is called Ru E. When occurring singly, it is Single Ru E; when occurring bilaterally, it is Double Ru E. Those slightly smaller than Ru E are named Bi Hou. Heat pathogens knot below the tongue, generating a small additional tongue, named Zi She Zhang. Heat pathogens knot within the tongue causing swelling, named Mu She Zhang. "Mu" (wood) implies stiffness and lack of flexibility. Heat pathogens knot in the throat, swelling surrounds the exterior, accompanied by numbness and itching, with significant swelling, named Chan Hou Feng. Conditions that erupt suddenly and lead to rapid death are named Zou Ma Hou Bi. Although there are eight names, all return to Fire pathogenic factors. Mild cases are softened with salty substances; severe cases are dispersed downward via purgation. Regarding Zou Ma Hou Bi, life and death hang in the balance of turning a palm; pricking with a Bian stone (stone lancet) to release blood cures the disease. I once treated a woman suffering from Mu She Zhang; her tongue filled her mouth. I used a sharp, small needle for pricking therapy, performing it five to seven times, and it subsided after three days. The amount of blood released was nearly a full dou (a unit of volume).

For acute Hou Bi (Throat Obstruction), blowing medicines should be used urgently. Acupuncture points suitable include Shaoshang (LU-11), Hegu (LI-4), Fenglong (ST-40), Yongquan (KI-1), and Guanchong (SJ-1).

The *Yuan Bing Shi* states: Lin (Strangury) refers to painful and difficult urination with a gritty sensation. This is because heat pathogens reside in the Bladder, causing stagnation and inability to permeate and excrete. Yan states: Qi Lin (Qi Strangury) involves difficult urination with constant residual dripping. Shi Lin (Stone Strangury) involves pain in the urethra and inability to void urine abruptly. Gao Lin (Paste Strangury) involves urine flowing out like paste. Lao Lin (Labor Strangury) involves pain radiating to the Qichong point upon fatigue and overexertion. Xue Lin (Blood Strangury) erupts upon exposure to heat, and in severe cases, results in hematuria. For the above five types of Lin, salt is stir-fried until hot, filled into the patient's umbilicus, and then moxa cones as thick as sinews are applied for seven moxibustion sessions (Zhuang), or moxibustion on Sanyinjiao (SP-6) can cure it.

Li Dongyuan states: The essence of the Five Zang Organs flows upward into the eyes, forming the eye's essence. The gathering place of this essence is the eye. The essence of Bone manifests as the Black Eye (pupil); the essence of Blood manifests as the collaterals and their gathering places; the essence of Qi manifests as the White Eye (sclera); the essence of Muscle manifests as the constraints (eyelids). These wrap and gather the essence of tendons, bones, blood, and Qi, merging with the meridians to form the Eye System (Muyu). The eyes are the gathering place of the essence of the Five Zang and Six Fu Organs, where Ying and Wei Qi, Hun and Po spirits constantly nourish, and where Shen (Spirit) presides. Hezi states: The Five Wheels of the eye are the essence of the Five Zang and Six Fu Organs and the gathering place of the Major Meridians. The white part belongs to Lung Metal; the flesh wheel belongs to Spleen Earth; the red part belongs to Heart Fire; the Black Water and Divine Light belong to Kidney Water, and also to Liver Wood. The eyes do not become diseased without Fire. If the White Wheel turns red, Fire has invaded the Lung; if the Flesh Wheel is red and swollen, Fire has invaded the Spleen; if the Black Water and Divine Light are obscured, Fire has invaded the Liver and Kidney; if red vessels traverse the eye, Fire is excessively strong internally. Whenever the eyes suddenly become red and swollen, sensitive to light, feeling gritty, and tearing uncontrollably, or sunken eye sockets due to sudden cold, these are caused by intense Heat. Suitable acupuncture points include Shenting (GV-24), Shangxing (GV-23), Xinhui (GV-22), Qian Ding (GV-20), and Baihui (GV-20). Obstructions (Yi) can be cleared immediately; swelling can be eliminated immediately. However, infants should not have Xinhui needled, as the tissue is thin and bone injury is feared. The inner canthus is traversed by the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, where blood is abundant and Qi is scarce. The outer canthus is traversed by the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, where blood is scarce and Qi is abundant. The upper eyelid is traversed by the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian, also with abundant blood and scarce Qi. The lower eyelid is traversed by the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, where both blood and Qi are abundant. However, the Foot-Yangming Meridian originates at the sides of the eyes, intersects at Yingxiang (LI-20), and converges with the Taiyang and Shaoyang meridians at the eye. Only the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian connects to the Eye System. Therefore, excessive blood indicates excess patterns in the Taiyang and Yangming meridians; insufficient blood indicates deficiency in the Jueyin meridian. Thus, bloodletting is suitable for the Taiyang and Yangming meridians because they have abundant blood. The Shaoyang meridian alone is unsuitable for bloodletting because its blood is scarce. Needling the Taiyang and Yangming meridians to bleed makes the vision clearer; needling the Shaoyang meridian to bleed makes the vision dimmer. One must know not to let bleeding be excessive or insufficient, merely using blood to nourish the eyes. Que Mu (Bird Eye/Night Blindness), the inability to see at night, is caused by sudden anger and great sorrow, resulting in deficient Liver Blood. Bloodletting is contraindicated; only tonifying the Liver and Stomach is appropriate.

Liu states: Internal obstructions (Nei Zhang) can be caused by Phlegm-Heat, Qi Stagnation, Blood Heat, sinking of Yang Qi, or depletion of Yin fluids. Ancient physicians did not discuss various causes, let alone external obstructions. Ink mixed with Nifen (calamine/lead carbonate) creates a color similar to opacities. If treated according to this [misunderstanding], the disease would not arise.

Inverted eyelashes and curled hairs occur due to tension in the eyes and contraction of the skin. This is caused by internal Heat injury and outward movement of Yin Qi; one should remove the internal Heat and Evil Fire.

Long-term redness and ulceration of the eye orbits, commonly called Chi Xia (Red Blindness), should be treated by pricking the exterior of the orbit with a Three-edged Needle to drain Damp-Heat and achieve recovery.

Tou Zhen Yan (Stye/Monk's Mustard Seed), characterized by fine red spots like sores on the back, heals when pricked with a needle. This actually resolves the stagnant Heat of the Taiyang meridian.