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According to the *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon): The Bladder is the official of the State Capital, where body fluids are stored. Only through Qi transformation can they be excreted. It is also said that the Bladder is referred to as the "Black Intestine."

Various texts offer differing descriptions of the Bladder. Some state it has an upper orifice but no lower one; others claim it has both upper and lower orifices; still others suggest it has small apertures for excretion. All these views are incorrect. In reality, only the lower orifice serves to expel urine. Fluids from above enter the Bladder after being separated into clear and turbid components by the Sanjiao (Triple Burner). Their entry and exit depend on the functional movement of Qi. If Qi fails to function properly in the upper part, fluids pour into the Large Intestine causing diarrhea; if Qi fails to function in the lower part, it results in urgent distension, astringency, and painful difficulty in urination known as Lin syndrome (strangury).

The Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian contains sixty-seven acupoints. Jingming (BL1) is located at the inner canthus within the red flesh. Following this are Cuanzhu (BL2), Meichong (EX-HN3), and Qucha (BL6). Wuchu (BL5) is located 1.5 cun above. Chengguang (BL5) follows, then Tongtian (BL7) and Luoque (BL9). The energies of the Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen, and Stomach are adjacent in sequence. The Sanjiao, Kidney, Qihai (CV6), Large Intestine, Guanyuan (CV4), Small Intestine, and finally the Bladder are referenced. Zhonglüzhu (BL27) and Baihuanxue (BL30) require careful measurement. From Dazhu (BL11) to Baihuanxue (BL30), each point is located 1.5 cun lateral to the spinous process of the respective vertebra. Shangliao (BL31), Ciliao (BL32), Zhongliao (BL33), and Xialiao (BL34) correspond to the first through fourth sacral posterior foramina, located at the sacral ala. Huiyang (BL35) is taken lateral to the coccyx. Fufen (BL41) is in the third row paravertebral to the spine. Pohu (BL42), Gaohuang (BL43), and Shentang (BL44) follow. Gegan (BL48), Hunmen (BL47) [Note: Text says "...nine", likely referring to a group or specific arrangement including Yanggang, Yishe, Weicang, Huangmen, Zhisshi, Baohuang], Yanggang (BL45), Yishe (BL46), Weicang (BL47), Huangmen (BL52), Zhisshi (BL53), and Baohuang (BL54) continue sequentially. Zhizhongbian (BL54) is located below the twentieth thoracic vertebra. Chengfu (BL36) is in the center of the gluteal crease. Yinmen (BL37) and Fuyang (BL38) lead to Weiyang (BL39). Weizhong (BL40), Heyang (BL57), and Chengjin (BL56) are next. Chengshan (BL57), Feiyang (BL58), and Fu yang (BL59) near the ankle follow. Kunlun (BL60), Pucan (BL61), and Shenmai (BL62) connect. Jinmen (BL63), Jinggu (BL64), and Shugu (BL65) are busy [sequentially arranged]. Tonggu (BL66) and Zhiyin (BL67) are beside the little toe. (1) This meridian begins at Jingming (BL1) and ends at Zhiyin (BL67). Points such as Zhiyin, Tonggu, Shugu, Jinggu, Kunlun, and Weizhong are selected. The meridian originates at the inner canthus, ascends to the forehead, and intersects at the vertex. Its branch goes from the vertex to the supra-auricular angle. Its main trunk enters from the vertex to connect with the brain, emerges again to descend separately along the nape, follows the medial shoulder blade, runs paravertebrally to reach the waist, enters the erector spinae muscles, connects with the Kidney, and belongs to the Bladder. Another branch descends from the waist through the buttocks into the popliteal fossa. A further branch separates from the shoulder, descends through the scapula, runs paravertebrally, passes the hip joint, follows the posterior-lateral aspect of the thigh, merges with the popliteal fossa, descends through the calf, exits behind the lateral malleolus, follows Jinggu (BL64) to the lateral end of the little toe. This meridian has abundant blood and scarce Qi; Qi and Blood flow into it during the Shen hour (15:00–17:00).

The Bladder is the fu organ of Ren Water. Its pulse is felt at the left Cun position. When the Bladder is Excess, the pulse is Excess. Symptoms include bladder torsion preventing urination, severe irritability and fullness making flexion and extension difficult. Treatment uses cold-natured herbs to open orifices and promote diuresis, such as Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) and Gardenia Fruit (Zhizi) decocted with honey. When Deficient, the pulse is Deficient. Symptoms include intestinal abscess radiating pain to the back, difficulty bending and stretching, tight leg tendons, and heavy hearing. Tonification uses Magnetitum (Cishi), Schisandra Fructus (Wuweizi), and [Huang - possibly Astragali Radix or Scutellariae Radix depending on context, here translated literally as Huang]; combined with Poria (Fuling), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Quartz (Shiyin), and Eucommia Bark (Duzhong). If Large Intestine heat steams internally causing dryness, use Akebia Caulis (Mutong), Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdihuang), and Scutellaria Root (Huangqin). For difficult urination with penile pain, use Lepidium Seed (Tinglizi), Poria (Fuling), and Taro Stem (Tongcao). The Kidney is large like a bean pod; Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Litchi Seed (Lizhihe), and Fennel Seed (Xiaohuixiang) are used. For bladder torsion resembling blockage, use Okra Seeds (Kuizi), Talcum (Huashi), and Halloysitum Rubrum (Han Shuishishi). Hot and cold compresses can facilitate difficult urination; flexion and extension exercises can relieve lower back pain. If Wind-Heat combines causing scrotal swelling, Sanbai Decoction eliminates it immediately. If affected by insect bites or wind-stroke affecting the Yangqiao vessel, applying Cicada Slough (Chantui) disperses it quickly. Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo) and Ligusticum Rhizome (Gben) act on the upper body; Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai) processed specifically acts on the lower body. Tonification uses Tangerine Seed (Juhe) and Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit (Yizhiren); purgation uses Dian Huashi (Talcum) and Plantago Seed (Cheqianzi). Adding Fennel Seed (Huixiang) and Lindera Root (Wuyao) warms the interior; adding Phellodendron Bark (Huangbai) and Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdihuang) clears heat and cools.