六十八难曰∶五脏六腑，各有井荥俞经合。皆何所主？然经言所出为井，所流为荥，所
注为
俞，所行为经，所入为合，井主心下满，荥主身热，俞主体重节痛，经主喘咳寒热，合主逆
气而泄，此五脏六腑井荥俞经合所主病也。
滑氏曰∶主，主治也；井，谷井之井，水源之所出也；荥，绝小水也，井之源本微，故
所流
尚小而为荥；俞，输也，注也，自荥而注，乃为俞也。由俞而经过于此，乃谓之经，由经而
入于所合，谓之合，合者会也。《灵枢》第一篇曰∶五脏五俞，五五二十五俞，六腑六俞，
六六三十六俞。（此俞字，空穴之总名。凡诸空穴，皆可以言俞）。经脉十二，络脉十五。凡
二十七气所行，皆井荥俞经合之所系，而所主病各不同。并主心下满，肝木病也。足厥阴之
支，从肝别贯鬲，上注肺，故井主心下满。荥主身热，心火病也。俞主体重节痛，脾土病也
。经主喘咳寒热，肺金病也。合主逆气而泄，肾水病也。谢氏曰∶此举五脏之病各一端为例
，余病可以类推而互取也。不言六腑者，举脏足以该之。项氏曰∶井象水之泉，荥象水之陂
，俞象水之窬，经象水之流，合象水之归，皆取水之义也。纪氏曰∶井之所治，不以五脏六
腑，皆主心下满。荥之所治，不以五脏六腑，皆主身热。俞之所治，不以五脏六腑，皆主体
重节痛。经之所治，不以五脏六腑，
皆主喘咳寒热。合之所治，不以五脏六腑，皆主逆气而泄。俱言脏不言腑者，恐未中理。
The Sixty-Eighth Difficulty of the *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: The Five Zang organs and Six Fu organs each have Jing-River, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, and He-Sea points. What do they respectively govern? The answer is that the classics state: where Qi emerges is the Jing-River point; where it flows slightly is the Ying-Spring point; where it pours in is the Shu-Stream point; where it travels is the Jing-River point; and where it enters and gathers is the He-Sea point. The Jing-River points govern fullness below the heart; the Ying-Spring points govern bodily heat; the Shu-Stream points govern heaviness of the body and pain in the joints; the Jing-River points govern wheezing, coughing, aversion to cold, and fever; and the He-Sea points govern rebellious Qi and diarrhea. These are the diseases governed by the Jing-River, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, and He-Sea points of the Five Zang and Six Fu organs.
Hua Shou (Master Hua) stated: "Governs" means to treat primarily. "Jing-River" refers to a well in a valley, the source from which water emerges. "Ying-Spring" refers to a very small stream; since the source of the well is originally slight, the flowing water remains small, thus called Ying-Spring. "Shu-Stream" is synonymous with "transport" or "pour," meaning that when flow pours from the Ying-Spring into this point, it is called Shu-Stream. Passing through from the Shu-Stream leads to what is called the Jing-River. Entering from the Jing-River into the gathering place is called the He-Sea; "He" means convergence. The first chapter of the *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot) states: The Five Zang organs have five Shu points each, totaling twenty-five Shu points; the Six Fu organs have six Shu points each, totaling thirty-six Shu points. (The character "Shu" here is a general term for acupoints. All hollow acupoints can be referred to as Shu). There are twelve meridians and fifteen collaterals. The movement of these twenty-seven Qi pathways all relates to the Jing-River, Ying-Spring, Shu-Stream, Jing-River, and He-Sea points, yet the diseases they govern differ.
[Note: The original text contains a condensed explanation linking specific symptoms to organ systems via Wu Xing (Five Elements).]
The Jing-River point governing fullness below the heart corresponds to Liver Wood pathology. The branch of the Foot Jueyin Liver meridian diverges from the liver, pierces the diaphragm, and ascends to connect with the Lung; therefore, the Jing-River point governs fullness below the heart. The Ying-Spring point governing bodily heat corresponds to Heart Fire pathology. The Shu-Stream point governing heaviness of the body and joint pain corresponds to Spleen Earth pathology. The Jing-River point governing wheezing, coughing, and alternating chills and fever corresponds to Lung Metal pathology. The He-Sea point governing rebellious Qi and diarrhea corresponds to Kidney Water pathology.
Xie Shi stated: This presents one aspect of disease for each of the Five Zang organs as an example; other diseases can be inferred analogously and cross-referenced. It does not mention the Six Fu organs because listing the Zang organs is sufficient to encompass them.
Xiang Shi stated: The Jing-River resembles a spring of water; the Ying-Spring resembles a pond; the Shu-Stream resembles a conduit or hole; the Jing-River resembles a flowing river; and the He-Sea resembles the return of water. All these take their meaning from water imagery.
Ji Shi stated: Regarding the treatment of Jing-River points, regardless of whether it is a Zang or Fu organ, they all govern fullness below the heart. Regarding Ying-Spring points, regardless of Zang or Fu, they all govern bodily heat. Regarding Shu-Stream points, regardless of Zang or Fu, they all govern heaviness of the body and joint pain. Regarding Jing-River points, regardless of Zang or Fu, they all govern wheezing, coughing, and alternating chills and fever. Regarding He-Sea points, regardless of Zang or Fu, they all govern rebellious Qi and diarrhea. To speak only of Zang organs and not Fu organs is likely incorrect.