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Wuchu (Excess Point, BL3), Shenzhu (Du12), Weizhong (BL40), Weiyang (BL39), and Kunlun (BL60) govern spinal stiffness and body opisthotonos. They treat muscle twitching (spasms) and epilepsy. (From *Qianjin Fang*). Heguan (SI12) and related points govern spinal stiffness and back pain. Kunlun (BL60) governs spinal stiffness and heaviness in the back and sacrum. Jingmen (GB25) and Shiguan (ST18) govern spinal opisthotonos. YinGu (KI10) governs pain along the medial aspect of the spine.

Zhiyang (Du9) treats acute spinal stiffness. (From *Mingtang Jing*). Zhangmen (LR13), (see Edema). Geshu (BL17), (see Back Pain). Weicang (BL50), (see Abdominal Distension). Dachangshu (BL25) treats spinal stiffness with inability to flex or extend. (From *Tongren Yuxue Zhenjiu Tujing*). Weishu (BL21) treats spinal pain. (*Tongren* also mentions abdominal distension; *Mingtang* agrees). Pishu (BL20) and Dachangshu (BL25) govern abdominal qi distension radiating to spinal pain, excessive eating with emaciation, a condition named "Shihui" (Food Obscurity). First select Pishu (BL20), then select the costal margin area. (From *Qianjin Fang*). Pangguangshu (BL28) treats acute spinal stiffness. (See Lumbar and Spine). It treats bloody and white dysentery, diarrhea, lumbar and spinal pain. Moxibustion on Xiaochangshu (BL36) for 50 moxa cones. (See Cold and Heat). Qixue (KI16) treats Benqi (rushing qi) moving up and down, radiating to lumbar and spinal pain. (See Menstruation). Yaoshu (Du2) governs amenorrhea, dark urine, spinal stiffness with mutual traction causing opisthotonos, and absence of sweating. Zhonglvshu (BL27) treats Kidney Deficiency Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) and inability to flex or extend the lumbar and spine. (See Xiao Ke). The later text of *Mingtang Jing* states: For pain in the paravertebral muscles, if pressure from above and below elicits a response at the point, apply moxibustion from the nape of the neck down to this point, and it will heal immediately. (See Lumbar and Spine).

Fufen (BL17) treats shoulder and back stiffness. When wind-cold pathogens lodge in the Couli (interstices/skin pores), it causes stiff and painful neck and head, with inability to look back. Yangbai (GB14) treats cold shivering in the dorsal Couli, where wearing heavy clothes does not bring warmth. (From *Tongren Yuxue Zhenjiu Tujing*). Cishi (BL56) treats cold in the dorsal Couli. Ganshu (BL18) treats pain within the Couli. (Later text of *Mingtang Jing*). Cishi (BL56) treats numbness and insensitivity from the lower waist to the feet, cold in the dorsal Couli, dark and difficult urination, and hardness and distension in the epigastrium. (See Hernia).

The *Records of the Grand Historian* records Bian Que's words: Diseases residing in the Couli are accessible to herbal decoctions and hot compresses; those in the blood vessels are accessible to acupuncture and stone needles; those in the stomach and intestines are accessible to wine-based medicinal preparations; but if they reach the bone marrow, even the Lord of Life cannot do anything about them. Diseases in the bone marrow generally begin by lodging in the Couli. If one can treat them while they reside in the Couli, although this is not the treatment of sages who prevent disease before it arises, it is indeed the treatment of worthy individuals who treat disease before it fully forms. Duke Yuan of Qi regarded physicians as profit-seekers, desiring to claim credit for treating illnesses that had not yet occurred, and ultimately reached an incurable state. This was not unique to Duke Qi; people are generally like this. Therefore, I record Bian Que's words regarding the Couli at the end of the Couli chapter to warn people, and to make physicians treat patients when disease is merely impending.