咳嗽属肺，风热郁于肺则生痰，故嗽有喉间作小鸡声者，先用小红丸下之。不惟下痰，
且肺与大肠相为表里，腑不实脏不能实也。大率顺气化痰清肺为主，宜清金贝母汤。
清金贝母汤
贝母 杏仁 桑皮 花粉 桔梗 枳壳 甘草 黄芩 木通 苏子 陈皮 茯苓
痰甚加胆星；食积痰去贝母，加制半夏、山楂；痰而嗽甚加山栀；喘加马兜铃或紫菀；
嗽而血加山栀、石膏；嗽而气逆，倍苏子；嗽不转加麻黄、石膏；嗽久加款冬花、马兜铃，或瓜
蒌仁、紫菀、五味、乌梅。
食枳痰须用制半夏、枳实、青皮、枳壳，嗽甚，眼白上有 肉生者，此嗽伤血分也，宜服
生地、当归入血分，槟榔下其气。
疟者有暑、有痰、有风、有湿、有食。儿病多食风痰，无汗要有汗，散风邪为主。大人兼
补，小儿不必，宜清脾退热饮。
清脾退热饮
柴胡 黄芩 枳壳 半夏 花粉 青皮 槟榔 山楂 常山 草果 茯苓 陈皮 甘草
暑加香薷，渴甚加石膏，湿加苍术。
有汗要无汗，扶正气为主。大人小儿俱带发散，用加减补中益气汤。
补中益气汤
人参 白术 黄 柴胡 归身 升麻 黄芩 陈皮 茯苓
加减法如前。
久疟一补一泻，柴胡、黄芩、枳实、半夏、槟榔、山楂、白术、茯芩、陈皮、甘草。
疟后寒热虽停，尚有余热，宜清脾退热饮去常山、草果，加地骨皮、知母，腹胀加桔梗、卜子。
疟母者，寒热时血气与邪相争，饮冷所致。结块在胁下，宜鳖甲丸、阿魏丸等。
鳖甲丸
生地 当归 川芎 红花 牡丹皮 槟榔 蓬术 香附 浓朴 鳖甲（醋炙） 穿山甲
尤妙。
阿魏丸
阿魏（沸汤泡） 雄黄（研末，各二钱半） 辰砂（研末，一钱半）
面糊丸，绿豆大。
胎疟六七发过，即宜截，久则元气虚。久疟成劳，用四兽饮、截疟饮。
四兽饮
常山（三钱） 枳壳（三钱） 槟榔（一个） 生姜（五片）
水煎，五更服。
截疟饮
全归（三钱） 川芎（三钱） 甘草（三钱） 何首乌（二两，新而大者佳）
阴阳水各一大碗，煎一碗，临日面朝东，五更温服。
Cough is located in the Lung. If wind-heat pathogens stagnate in the Lung, phlegm is generated. Therefore, if a cough presents with a chirping sound in the throat resembling that of a chick, Xiaohong Wan (Little Red Pill) should be used first to purge it. This not only purges phlegm but also addresses the fact that the Lung and Large Intestine are exterior-interiorly related; if the fu-organ (Large Intestine) is not empty, the zang-organ (Lung) cannot be full. Generally, treatment focuses on regulating qi, resolving phlegm, and clearing the Lung. Qingjin Beimu Tang (Clear Metal Fritillary Decoction) is indicated.
Qingjin Beimu Tang (Clear Metal Fritillary Decoction)
Ingredients: Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren), Mori Cortex (Sangpi), Trichosanthis Radix (Huafen), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhike), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Perillae Fructus (Suzi), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), Poria (Fuling).
Modifications: For excessive phlegm, add Arisaematis Cum Bile (Danningxing); for phlegm due to food stagnation, remove Beimu and add Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Zhibanxia) and Crataegi Fructus (Shanzha); for phlegm with severe cough, add Gardeniae Fructus (Shanzhi); for wheezing, add Aristolochiae Herba (Madouling) or Asteris Radix (Ziwan); for cough with blood, add Shanzhi and Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao); for cough with rebellious qi, double the dosage of Suzi; for persistent cough, add Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) and Shigao; for chronic cough, add Farflos Flos (Kuandonghua) and Madouling, or Trichosanthis Semen (Gualouren), Ziwan, Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi), and Mume Fructus (Wumei).
For cough-phlegm caused by food stagnation, Zhibanxia, Zhiishi, Qingpi, and Zhike must be used. If the cough is severe and pterygium (fleshy growths) appear on the sclera, this indicates damage to the blood level due to cough. It is appropriate to use Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdi) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) to enter the blood level, combined with Arecae Semen (Binglang) to direct qi downward.
Malaria has etiologies involving summerheat, phlegm, wind, dampness, and food stagnation. Children often suffer from wind-phlegm; if there is no sweat but sweating is required, the primary approach is to disperse wind pathogens. Adults require supplementation, whereas children do not. Qingpi Tuire Yin (Clear Spleen and Reduce Fever Drink) is indicated.
Qingpi Tuire Yin (Clear Spleen and Reduce Fever Drink)
Ingredients: Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Zhike, Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia), Huafen, Qingpi, Binglang, Shanzha, Polygalae Radix (Changshan), Tsaoko Fructus (Caoguo), Fuling, Chenpi, Gancao.
Modifications: Add Moslae Herba (Xiangru) for heavy summerheat; add Shigao for severe thirst; add Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) for dampness.
If there is sweat but cessation of sweat is desired, the focus is on supporting healthy qi. Both adults and children require formulas with dispersing properties, such as Jiabian Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Modified Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction).
Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction)
Ingredients: Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Chaihu, Danggui Shen (Root body of Danggui), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma), Huangqin, Chenpi, Fuling.
Modifications are as described previously.
For chronic malaria, a method of tonifying once and purging once is used, comprising Chaihu, Huangqin, Zhiishi, Banxia, Binglang, Shanzha, Baizhu, Fuling, Chenpi, and Gancao.
After malaria subsides, although chills and fever have stopped, residual heat may remain. Qingpi Tuire Yin should be used, removing Changshan and Caoguo, and adding Daphne Cortex (Digupi) and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu). If abdominal distension occurs, add Jiegeng and Raphani Semen (Luobozi).
"Malaria Mother" (splenic enlargement due to chronic malaria) results from the struggle between qi-blood and pathogens during chills and fever, exacerbated by drinking cold liquids. It manifests as a mass under the hypochondrium. Biejia Wan (Softshell Turtle Pill) and Awei Wan (Asafoetida Pill) are indicated.
Biejia Wan (Softshell Turtle Pill)
Ingredients: Shengdi, Danggui, Chuanxiong Hong Hua (Carthami Flos), Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi), Binglang, Curcumae Zedoariae Rhizoma (Ezhu), Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Houpo), Testudo Carapax et Plastrum (Biejia, vinegar-fried), Manis Squama (Chuanshanjia).
This formula is particularly effective.
Awei Wan (Asafoetida Pill)
Ingredients: Asafetida (Awei, soaked in boiling water), Realgar (Xionghuang, ground into powder, 2.5 qian each), Cinnabar (Chensha, ground into powder, 1.5 qian).
Form pills with wheat paste, size of mung beans.
For congenital malaria after six or seven attacks, immediate interception therapy is necessary, otherwise healthy qi will become deficient over time. Chronic malaria developing into consumption/labor uses Six Beasts Drink (Sishou Yin) and Malaria Interception Drink (Jiemai Yin).
Sishou Yin (Six Beasts Drink)
Ingredients: Changshan (3 qian), Zhike (3 qian), Binglang (one piece), Ginger (Shengjiang, five slices).
Decoct in water and take at wugeng (between 3 am and 5 am).
Jiemai Yin (Malaria Interception Drink)
Ingredients: Quan Danggui (Whole Danggui, 3 qian), Chuanxiong (3 qian), Gancao (3 qian), Polygoni Multiflori Radix (Heshouwu, 2 liang, fresh and large specimens are best).
Decoct one large bowl of Yin-Yang Water (mixed hot and cold water) down to one bowl. Face east towards the rising sun, and take warm at wugeng.