盐 味咸性寒。多食伤肺发咳，令失色损筋力。患水肿者、喘嗽者忌食。喜咸
人必肤黑，血病无多食盐，多食则脉凝涩而变色。盐中多以矾硝灰石之类杂秽，须
水澄复煎乃佳。河东天生者及晒成者，无毒。其煎炼者，不洁有毒。一种戎盐，功
用相同。凡饮食过多作胀，以盐擦牙，温水漱咽二三次，即消。乌贼鱼骨能淡盐。
服甘遂药者，忌之。用盐擂椒味佳。
豆油 味辛甘，性冷，微毒。多食困脾，发冷疾，滑骨髓。菜油功用相同。
麻油 味甘辛，性冷。多食滑肠胃，发冷疾。久食损人肌肉。生性冷，熟性热，
可随时熬用。凡经宿者，食之动风。若过于煎熬者，性极热，勿用。
黑沙糖 味甘性温。多食令人心痛，生长虫，消肌肉，损齿发疳。同鲫鱼食，
生疳虫。同葵菜食，成流癖。同 食，成瘕，令身重不能行。令人每用为调和，徒
取其适口，而不知阴受其害也。
白沙糖 味甘性寒。多食助熟损齿生虫。轻白如粉者，为糖霜。坚白如冰者，
为晶糖。性味相同。
蜂蜜 味甘，性微温。多食动脾。凡取蜜夏冬为上，秋次之，春则易发酸。川
蜜温、闽广性热、西南蜜凉。色白味甜。七月勿食生蜜，令人暴下霍乱。青赤酸者，
食之心烦。与李子、生葱、韭薤、莴苣、同食，令人利下。勿同黍米食。食蜜饱后，
不可食 ，令人暴亡。多食发湿热病，生虫 。小儿尤宜少食。凡蜜钱诸果，用细
辛置于顶，不虫蛇。
薄荷 味辛性凉，虚弱人久食，成消渴病。新病初愈食之，令虚汗不止。与鳖相
反。猫食之醉。凡收薄荷者，须隔夜以粪水浇之，雨后乃可刈收，则性凉，不尔不凉也。
荜茇 味辛性热。能动脾肺之火。多食令人目昏，食料不宜用之。
草豆蔻 味辛涩，性温。多食能助脾热，伤肺损目。不如缩砂仁白豆蔻之性气和也。
红豆蔻 味辛性温。多食令人舌粗，不思饮食，最能动火伤目致衄。食料中不宜用之。
食茱萸 味辛苦，性大热。多食动脾火，发浮肿虚恚，发疮痔。有目疾火证者，
忌食。勿同茨菇食。
川椒 味辛性热，有毒。多食令人乏气伤血脉。凡有实热喘以嗽及暴赤火眼者，
勿食椒。五月食椒，损气伤心，令人多忘。闭口者杀人。中其毒者，用凉水麻仁浆
解之。川椒肉浓皮皱，其子光黑，如人子瞳。他椒子虽黑而无神，土椒子则无光矣。
花椒性味相同，但力差薄耳。
胡椒 味辛，性大热，有毒。多食损肺，令人吐血助火，昏目发疮。有实火及
热病患食之，动火伤气，阴受其害。病咽喉口齿及肠红痔漏者，忌之。妊妇食之，
令助胎热，子生疮疥。
小茴香 味辛甘，性微温。力缓于大茴。有实火人宜少食之。其茎叶与子性味相同。
莳萝 味辛性温。杀鱼肉毒。有实热者少食。其根有大毒，误食杀人。
桂皮 味辛性温。有实火者少食。忌生葱、石脂。
茶 味苦而甘，茗性大寒， 性微寒。久饮令人瘦，去人脂，令人不睡。
大渴及酒后饮茶，寒入肾经，令人腰脚膀胱冷痛，兼患水肿挛痹诸疾。尤忌将盐点
茶，或同咸味食，如引贼入肾。空心切不可饮。同榧食，令人身重。饮之宜热，冷
饮聚痰，宜少勿多，不饮更妙。酒后多饮浓茶，令吐。食茶叶令发黄成癖。唯蒙茶
性温，六安、湘潭茶稍平。松茗伤人为最。若杂入香物，令病透骨。况真茶即少，
杂茶更多，民生日用，受其害者，岂可胜言？妇妪蹈其弊者更甚。服威灵仙、土茯
苓者忌之。服史君子者忌饮热茶，犯之即泻。茶子捣仁洗衣，去油腻。广南一种苦
HT，性大寒，胃冷人勿食。
酒类 甚多，其味有甘苦酸淡辛涩不一，其性皆热，有毒。多饮助火生痰，昏神
软件，损筋骨，伤脾胃，耗肺气，夭人寿。饮冷酒同牛肉食，令人生虫。同乳饮，
令人气结。同胡桃食，令咯血。酒醉卧黍穣，食猪肉，患大风。酒同芥食，及合辛
辣等物，缓人筋骨。酒后饮茶多，伤肾聚痰，成水肿及挛痛，腰脚重坠，膀胱疝
证，腹下冷痛，消渴痰饮。久饮过度，令人精薄无子。醉卧当风，成癜风瘫痪。醉
后浴冷水，成痛痹。凡用酒服丹砂、雄黄等药，能引药毒入四肢，滞血，化为痈疽。
中一切砒蛊等毒，从酒得者不治。凡饮酒宜温，不宜热，宜少不宜多。饮冷酒成手
战。有火证、目疾、失血、痰嗽、痔漏、疮疥者，并宜忌之。饮酒者喜咸恶甘，勿
同甜物食。枳 、葛花、赤豆花、绿豆粉皆能醒酒解毒。酒浆照人无影，及祭酒自
耗者，勿饮。酒酸以赤小豆一升，炒焦入罐内，可变好。
烧酒 味甘辛，性大热，有毒。多饮败胃伤胆，溃髓弱筋，伤神损寿。有火证
者忌之。同姜蒜、犬肉食，令人生痔发痼疾。妊妇饮之，令子惊痫。过饮发烧者，
以新汲冷水浸之，或浸发即醒。中其毒者，服盐冷水、绿豆粉可少解。或用大黑豆
一升，煮汁一二升，多饮。服之取吐便解。
酒糟 味辛甘，性温。腊月者可久留，有火热病及喘嗽者，勿食糟物。
醋 味酸甘苦性微温。解鱼肉瓜菜毒。米醋乃良。多食损筋骨，伤胃气，不
宜男子，损齿灭颜，能发毒。不可同诸药食，服茯苓、丹参、葶苈药者忌之。凡风
寒咳嗽及泻痢脾病者，勿食。
酱 味咸甘，性冷。杀鱼肉菜蕈百药毒，多食助湿发疮，发小儿无辜生痰动
气。妊妇合雀肉食，令儿面黑。同葵藿食，能堕胎。麦酱同鲤鱼及鱼 食，生口疮。
患肿胀五疸咳嗽者，勿食豆酱乃佳。患疮疖者食之，令瘢黑。服甘遂者忌之。
饴糖 味甘性温。多食生痰助火，动脾风，发湿热。患中满、吐逆、秘结、牙
、赤目、疳病者，切忌食之。勿同猪心肺食，服半夏、菖蒲者忌之。
豆腐 味甘咸，性寒。多食动气作泻，发肾邪及疮疥头风病。夏月少食，恐人
汗入内。凡伤豆腐及中毒者，食莱菔、杏仁可解。
粉皮 索粉 俱味甘性凉。脾胃虚弱者，多食难化，令腹痛泄泻，食杏仁即消。
如近杏仁，即烂不成索。
乳酪 味甘酸，性寒。患脾痢者勿食。羊乳酪同鱼 食，成瘕。忌醋。不可合
鲈鱼食。
酥油 味甘，性微寒。患脾气虚寒者，宜少食之。
乳饼 味甘，性微寒。多食动气滑肠，生痰。患泄泻者，不宜食。
鱼膘 味甘咸，性平。脾胃虚者，宜少食之。回鱼者性寒，不益肾。
鱼脍 味甘性温。同乳酪食，令霍乱。勿同诸瓜食，夜食不消成积。食后饮冷
水生虫，疫病后食之，损脾成内疾。食生 成瘕为怪病。过食不消者，用马鞭草汁
和酒服可化。勿同猪肝食。
鱼酢 味甘咸，性平。诸鱼皆可作酢，多食难化，发疮疥。防杂发害人。生酢
损人，食之动脾胃病。同胡荽、同葵菜、同豆藿、同麦酱、同绿豆、同蒜食，并令
消渴及霍乱。无鳞鱼 尤不益人。
生姜 味辛甘，肉性温、皮性寒。生发散，熟温中，多食损心气，发目疾、五
痔、失血。凡患疮疖人食之，长恶肉。妊妇多食生姜，助胎热，令子生疮疥，或生
多指。多食辛辣，皆能损胎。夜不食姜，免耗真气。忌同猪肉、牛肉、马肉、兔肉
食。秋姜宜少食，能泻气夭年。干姜久食，令人目暗。妊妇食之，令胎内消，盖其
性大热而辛散也。糟老姜入蝉蜕，则无筋。
Salt: Salty in taste and cold in nature. Excessive consumption damages the Lung, inducing cough, causing sallow complexion and weakened sinews and muscles. Those suffering from edema or wheezing cough should avoid it. People fond of salty food tend to have dark skin; those with blood disorders should not consume much salt, as excess intake causes pulse stagnation and changes in complexion. Commercial salt often contains impurities such as alum, saltpeter, and ash stones; it must be clarified with water and re-boiled for best quality. Naturally occurring salt from Hedong and sun-dried salt are non-toxic. Refined salt is unclean and toxic. Rouyan (Rou Salt) has similar efficacy. For bloating caused by overeating, rubbing teeth with salt and rinsing/swallowing with warm water two or three times can resolve the issue. Cuttlebone can desalinate salt. It should be avoided when taking Kansui Radix (Gansui). Grinding pepper with salt yields a good flavor.
Soybean Oil: Pungent and sweet in taste, cold in nature, slightly toxic. Excessive consumption burdens the Spleen, induces cold diseases, and causes marrow lubrication/leakage. Rapeseed oil has the same efficacy.
Sesame Oil: Sweet and pungent in taste, cold in nature. Excessive consumption lubricates the intestines and stomach, induces cold diseases. Long-term consumption damages muscle tissue. Raw sesame oil is cold in nature, while cooked sesame oil is hot; it can be used after heating at any time. Overnight sesame oil induces wind. Over-heated sesame oil becomes extremely hot and should not be used.
Black Sand Sugar: Sweet in taste, warm in nature. Excessive consumption causes heart pain, generates parasites, consumes muscle mass, and damages teeth and hair, leading to infantile malnutrition (Gan disease). Consumed with crucian carp, it generates Gan parasites. Consumed with mallow, it forms flowing accumulation (Liu Pi). Consumed with [missing character], it forms abdominal masses (Jia), causing heaviness and immobility. People often use it for flavoring, seeking only palatability, unaware of the hidden harm.
White Sand Sugar: Sweet in taste, cold in nature. Excessive consumption promotes damp-heat, damages teeth, and generates parasites. Light white powder-like sugar is called Tangshuang (Sugar Frost). Hard white ice-like sugar is called Jingtang (Crystal Sugar). Their nature and taste are identical.
Honey: Sweet in taste, slightly warm in nature. Excessive consumption disturbs the Spleen. Honey harvested in summer and winter is superior; autumn is secondary; spring honey tends to sour easily. Sichuan honey is warm; Fujian and Guangdong honey are hot; Southwestern honey is cool. White color and sweet taste. Do not eat raw honey in July, as it may cause sudden diarrhea and cholera. Green or red sour honey causes mental restlessness. Consumed with plums, raw green onions, garlic chives, or lettuce, it causes diarrhea. Do not consume with broomcorn millet. After eating honey until full, do not eat [missing character], as it may cause sudden death. Excessive consumption induces damp-heat diseases and generates parasites. Children should especially limit intake. Placing Asarum (Xixin) on top of candied fruits prevents insect and snake damage.
Mint: Pungent in taste, cool in nature. Long-term consumption by weak individuals leads to Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) disease. Consumption immediately after recovery from acute illness causes persistent spontaneous sweating. It is incompatible with soft-shelled turtle. Cats become intoxicated after consuming it. When harvesting mint, irrigate with manure water the night before; harvest only after rain to ensure cool nature; otherwise, it lacks coolness.
Long Pepper (Bibo): Pungent in taste, hot in nature. It stirs up fire in the Spleen and Lungs. Excessive consumption causes blurred vision and is unsuitable for culinary use.
Grain of Paradise Seed (Caodoukou): Pungent and astringent in taste, warm in nature. Excessive consumption aids Spleen heat, damaging the Lungs and eyes. Its nature is less harmonious than that of Amomum Fructus Rotundus (Suosharen) and White Cardamom (Baidoukou).
Red Cardamom (Hongdoukou): Pungent in taste, warm in nature. Excessive consumption causes rough tongue, loss of appetite, and most easily stirs fire, damages eyes, and induces epistaxis. Unsuitable for culinary use.
Edible Evodia (Shizhuyu): Pungent and bitter in taste, very hot in nature. Excessive consumption stirs Spleen fire, inducing edema, virtual anger, sores, and hemorrhoids. Contraindicated for those with eye diseases and fire syndromes. Do not consume with arrowhead (Cigu).
Sichuan Pepper (Chuanjiao): Pungent in taste, hot in nature, toxic. Excessive consumption depletes Qi, damages blood vessels. Avoid for those with excess heat, wheezing cough, or sudden red fiery eyes. Eating pepper in May damages Qi and the Heart, causing forgetfulness. Closed-mouth pepper is lethal. Poisoning is treated with cool water mixed with hemp seed paste. Sichuan pepper has thick flesh and wrinkled skin; its seeds are lustrous and black like human pupils. Other pepper seeds lack luster; earth pepper seeds are dull. Zanthoxylum (Huajiao) has the same nature and taste but weaker potency.
Black Pepper (Hujiao): Pungent in taste, very hot in nature, toxic. Excessive consumption damages the Lungs, causes hematemesis, aids fire, blurs vision, and induces sores. Those with excess fire or heat diseases suffer hidden harm from stirring fire and damaging Qi. Contraindicated for throat, dental, intestinal bleeding, and hemorrhoid fistula patients. Pregnant women consuming it aid fetal heat, causing the child to develop sores and scabies upon birth.
Fennel (Xiaohuixiang): Pungent and sweet in taste, slightly warm in nature. Weaker than Anise (Dahuixiang). Those with excess fire should eat sparingly. Its stems, leaves, and seeds share the same nature and taste.
Dill (Shiluo): Pungent in taste, warm in nature. Kills fish and meat toxins. Those with excess heat should eat sparingly. Its roots are highly toxic and fatal if ingested mistakenly.
Cinnamon Bark (Guipi): Pungent in taste, warm in nature. Those with excess fire should eat sparingly. Incompatible with raw green onion and Halloysit Rubra (Shizhi).
Tea: Bitter and sweet in taste. Mingcha (young tea) is very cold in nature; [missing character] cha is slightly cold. Long-term consumption causes emaciation, removes body fat, and induces insomnia.
Drinking tea when extremely thirsty or after alcohol allows cold to enter the Kidney meridian, causing lower back, foot, and bladder cold pain, along with edema, spasms, and bi-syndrome. Especially avoid salting tea or consuming it with salty foods, likened to inviting thieves into the Kidneys. Never drink on an empty stomach. Consumed with Torreya seeds, it causes bodily heaviness. Tea should be drunk hot; cold drinks accumulate phlegm. Drink little, preferably none. Drinking strong tea after alcohol induces vomiting. Eating tea leaves causes yellowing complexion and formation of accumulations. Only Mengcha is warm; Lu'an and Xiangtan teas are slightly neutral. Songming (Pine tea) harms humans the most. Adulteration with fragrant substances drives pathogens deep into bones. Genuine tea is scarce; adulterated tea is abundant. The harm suffered by common people daily is incalculable; women suffer even more. Contraindicated for those taking Clematis Root (Weilingxian) or Smilax Glabra Rhizome (Tufuling). Those taking Quinine Tree Bark (Shijunzi) should avoid hot tea, as it causes diarrhea. Tea seeds crushed for laundry remove grease. A bitter HT from Guangnan is very cold; those with cold stomachs should avoid it.
Alcohol: Numerous types, varying tastes (sweet, bitter, sour, bland, pungent, astringent), all hot in nature and toxic. Excessive drinking aids fire, generates phlegm, confuses the spirit, damages sinews and bones, injures Spleen and Stomach, depletes Lung Qi, and shortens lifespan. Drinking cold wine with beef generates parasites. Drinking with dairy causes Qi stagnation. Drinking with walnuts causes hemoptysis. Sleeping on sorghum straw while drunk and eating pork induces Leprosy (Da Feng). Wine with mustard greens, combined with spicy items, relaxes sinews and bones. Excessive tea after drinking damages Kidneys, accumulates phlegm, causing edema, spasms, heavy lower back and legs, bladder hernia, lower abdominal cold pain, Wasting-Thirst, and phlegm-fluid retention. Chronic excessive drinking thins essence, causing infertility. Sleeping in drafts while drunk causes vitiligo and paralysis. Bathing in cold water after drunkenness causes painful Bi-syndrome. Using wine to administer Cinnabar (Dansha) or Realgar (Xionghuang) guides drug toxicity into limbs, stagnates blood, forming carbuncles. Poisoning from arsenic or gu via wine is incurable. Wine should be warm, not hot; moderate, not excessive. Cold wine causes hand tremors. Contraindicated for fire syndromes, eye diseases, bleeding, phlegmatic cough, hemorrhoids/fistulas, sores/scabies. Those drinking prefer salty over sweet; avoid sweet foods. Schisandra Fruit (Zhiwu), Kudzu Root (Gehua), Red Bean Flower, and Mung Bean Powder all detoxify alcohol. Wine that casts no reflection or spontaneously diminishes during sacrifice should not be drunk. Sour wine can be improved by frying one sheng of adzuki beans until charred and placing them in the jar.
Baijiu (Distilled Spirit): Sweet and pungent in taste, very hot in nature, toxic. Excessive drinking damages Stomach and Gallbladder, ulcerates marrow, weakens sinews, harms spirit, and reduces longevity. Contraindicated for fire syndromes. Consumed with ginger, garlic, and dog meat, it induces hemorrhoids and chronic diseases. Pregnant women drinking it causes infant convulsions. For fever from overdrinking, soak in fresh cold water or soak hair to awaken. Poisoning is slightly relieved by salted cold water or mung bean powder. Alternatively, boil one sheng of large black beans to obtain one to two sheng of juice and drink freely. Inducing vomiting resolves it.
Wine Lees: Pungent and sweet in taste, warm in nature. December-made lees last long. Those with fire-heat diseases or wheezing cough should avoid lees.
Vinegar: Sour, sweet, and bitter in taste, slightly warm in nature. Detoxifies fish, meat, melons, and vegetables. Rice vinegar is superior. Excessive consumption damages sinews and bones, injures Stomach Qi, is unsuitable for men, damages teeth and complexion, and induces toxic sores. Do not consume with medicines. Contraindicated for those taking Poria (Fuling), Salvia Miltiorrhiza (Danshen), or Descurainia Seed (Tingli). Avoid for wind-cold cough, diarrhea, dysentery, and Spleen diseases.
Soy Sauce: Salty and sweet in taste, cold in nature. Detoxifies fish, meat, vegetables, mushrooms, and hundred drugs. Excessive consumption aids dampness, induces sores, causes infant innocent disease (chronic lymphadenitis), generates phlegm, and stirs Qi. Pregnant women consuming it with sparrow meat cause dark facial complexion in children. Consumed with mallow and soybeans, it induces abortion. Wheat sauce consumed with carp and [missing character] causes mouth sores. Those with swelling, five jaundices, or cough should avoid soy sauce. Consuming it with sores/furuncles causes black scars. Contraindicated for those taking Kansui Radix (Gansui).
Maltose (Yitang): Sweet in taste, warm in nature. Excessive consumption generates phlegm, aids fire, stirs Spleen wind, and induces damp-heat. Strictly contraindicated for fullness in the middle jiao, vomiting, constipation, [missing character] teeth, red eyes, and Gan disease. Do not consume with pig heart/lungs. Contraindicated for those taking Pinellia Rhizome (Banxia) or Acorus Rhizome (Changpu).
Tofu: Sweet and salty in taste, cold in nature. Excessive consumption stirs Qi, causes diarrhea, induces Kidney pathogenic factors, sores, scabies, and head wind diseases. Eat less in summer to prevent sweat contamination.变质 tofu or poisoning is treated with radish (Laifu) and apricot kernels.
Glass Noodles (Fenpi) & Rope Noodles (Suofen): Both sweet in taste and cool in nature. Difficult to digest for weak Spleen/Stomach, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea; resolved by apricot kernels. Proximity to apricot kernels causes them to rot and lose shape.
Cheese/Ru Lao: Sweet and sour in taste, cold in nature. Contraindicated for Spleen dysentery. Sheep cheese consumed with [missing character] fish forms abdominal masses. Incompatible with vinegar. Do not consume with perch.
Butter (Suyou): Sweet in taste, slightly cold in nature. Those with Spleen Qi deficiency and cold should eat sparingly.
Milk Cake (Rubing): Sweet in taste, slightly cold in nature. Excessive consumption stirs Qi, lubricates intestines, and generates phlegm. Unsuitable for diarrhea.
Fish Maw (Yubiao): Sweet and salty in taste, neutral in nature. Those with weak Spleen/Stomach should eat sparingly. Beluga sturgeon maw is cold and does not benefit the Kidneys.
Raw Fish Slices (Yu Kuai): Sweet in taste, warm in nature. Consumed with cheese, causes cholera. Do not consume with melons; night consumption causes indigestion and accumulation. Drinking cold water after eating generates parasites; consumption after epidemics damages Spleen and causes internal disease. Eating raw [missing character] forms masses and strange diseases. Indigestion from overeating is resolved by horse tail herb juice mixed with wine. Do not consume with pig liver.
Fish Paste/Vinegar (Yu Cu): Sweet and salty in taste, neutral in nature. All fish can be made into cu. Excessive consumption is hard to digest and induces sores/scabies. Guard against impurities harming people. Raw cu harms people, disturbing Spleen/Stomach diseases. Consumed with cilantro, mallow, soybeans, wheat sauce, mung beans, or garlic, it causes Wasting-Thirst and cholera. Scaleless fish are particularly unbeneficial.
Ginger: Pungent and sweet in taste; flesh is warm, skin is cold. Raw disperses, cooked warms the center. Excessive consumption damages Heart Qi, induces eye diseases, five hemorrhoids, and bleeding. Consuming it with sores/furuncles promotes malignant flesh growth. Pregnant women eating too much ginger aids fetal heat, causing child sores/scabies or polydactyly. Excessive spicy food damages the fetus. Avoid ginger at night to preserve True Qi. Incompatible with pork, beef, horse meat, and rabbit meat. Autumn ginger should be eaten sparingly as it drains Qi and shortens life. Long-term dried ginger consumption causes dim vision. Pregnant women consuming it causes fetal dissolution due to its hot and dispersing nature. Old fermented ginger added to cicada slough eliminates sinews.