微汗常出热不留。初出未收总沐庥。升发之味须禁用。用之大泄反为仇。
自汗之症属阳虚。麻后见之更可危。勿令见风成痉病。治阴抑阳症自除。
发热浑身汗最宜。元府开豁麻出时。卫中表邪从此散。汗多亡阳又忌之。
壮热无汗大非吉。不因风寒因火郁。自始至末总无汗。纵麻已收症百出。
麻有自汗、微汗、大汗、无汗等症。而均有宜有忌。麻初出至未收之时。皆宜微汗。有微汗则
皮肤通畅。腠理开豁。而麻易透。发热之际。有自汗者。则有发散之义。乃为常候。（朱曰 微汗、
自汗。皆为美候。）盖麻遇自汗。则毒从汗解。元府开而麻毒透。卫中之表邪。则从之而散矣。不
可遽止。亦不可复用升发之剂。若自汗而更升发。恐汗大泄。致有亡阳之患。夫自汗之症。原属阳
虚。初时无妨。若麻后自汗。多成痉病。切勿见风。法当治阴抑阳。使腹内虚热清退。而汗自止。以
四物汤（见二十五条）仍去白芍、川芎。加元参、牡蛎粉主之。如麻后自汗。兼不食吐蛔者。真是
虚症。最为难治。（朱曰 自汗不食吐蛔。又为难治之虚证。）亦宜以四物汤（见二十五条）加牡
蛎、藿香、KT 石斛。用旧蒲扇或旧蒲席烧灰研细末。入药中调服。若误投药饵。传变多端。难收功
矣。切勿拘治麻初起常法。而用辛温解散之剂。如果系脾热。可用泻黄散去甘草。因症加减而治。
则又可循麻初之常法矣。若自汗而烦渴气壅脉数者。则以静远主人化斑汤加栝蒌霜主之。至于
大汗过多之症。则有二因。一因衣被盖浓。而致大汗过多者。一因用升发之剂过甚。而发汗过多
者。二者皆不宜也。（朱曰 大汗本非正治。只可偶用。）盖恐大汗过多。致有亡阳之变。轻则症难
脱体。重则多有不救。倘遇麻有隐暗不透之坏症。从权施治。而用升发之剂。取其大汗。使毒从汗
解。此特语其变。而非正治也。然亦多凶。经曰。汗多亡阳。急须止之。以秘本黄连汤或当归六
黄汤。外用温粉扑法治之。（有以人参白虎汤合古方黄连解毒汤治之者。似乎未当。方仍列后备
用。）若妇人麻后汗多。心慌神昏者。亦有因而致。不可不察。有因麻症初起。适遇经行。麻乃火
候。心火旺盛。荣血多亏。今又月期适至。血又下泄。亏耗大过。至麻收之后。气血两虚。未有不成
汗多怔忡神昏等候。（朱曰 麻后气血两虚。又有汗多怔忡等证。）急宜以玉屏散加牡蛎粉与服。
以止其汗。免至亡阳。旋用人参养荣汤。去桂心、五味子。多加牡蛎粉、龙骨。数大剂与服。须宜急
治。迟则不救。若麻症初起。壮热而无汗者。多因外感风寒太重。以致皮肤干燥。毛窍不开。麻疹
壅滞。而汗亦难出。多成内攻之症。（朱曰 麻证无汗。多成内攻之症。寒凉降火清肺。佐以升发。
是救急治法。）或肚腹胀痛。或发喘促。夏秋之间。宜微升散。以葛根解肌汤（见第五条）去赤芍、
甘草。加木通、枳壳治之。春冬寒月。重为发散。如加味三拗汤去桔梗、甘草。或葛根疏邪汤（见三
十三条）加炒麻黄治之。但不可过剂。使浑身常得微汗为妙。有微汗则腠理润泽。而麻易出。又
有一等。因热极火郁而无汗。亦致皮肤干燥而不活泽。麻亦难出。此症外必见唇舌破裂。二便结
涩。昏沉壮热。或身痛肚腹胀疼。多发喘促。 痰鸣。不拘何时。无分迟早。急用寒凉降火清肺
之剂。佐以升发之药。以白虎解毒汤（见二十六条）加地骨皮、贝母、元参、牛蒡子、前胡、干葛治
之。迟则恐成坏症。大抵麻症常以微汗为顺。自始至末。必以得汗为妙。经曰。微汗常出热。热越
而不留。此之谓也。若始终无汗。麻难收敛。后必有余症。宜用寒凉升发解毒为当。
泻黄散
防风（四钱） 栀仁（炒黑一钱） 藿香叶（七分） 石膏（五钱） 甘草（二
钱） 为末。白汤下。或用蜜同酒拌炒。仍用白汤下。
加味三拗汤
麻黄（不去节三钱） 杏仁（不去皮尖油二十粒） 生甘草 荆芥穗 桔梗 水煎服。
静远主人化斑汤
石膏 知母 元参 麦冬 牛蒡子 连翘 黄芩 地骨皮 淡竹叶 水煎服。
秘本黄连汤
黄连 黄柏 黄芩 麦冬 生地黄 当归 生黄 水煎。加入烧蒲扇灰调服。
当归六黄汤 治自汗、盗汗。
当归 生地黄 熟地黄 黄 （蜜炒各一钱） 黄芩 黄连 黄柏（各五分） 水煎服。
温粉扑法
黄连 牡蛎粉 贝母（各五钱） 粳米粉（一升） 为末。扑身上。
玉屏风散
黄 （炙炒一两） 大当归（六钱） 陈糯米（一合炒黄色） 水煎服。
玉屏散 治自汗不收。气虚表弱。
黄 （蜜炒） 防风（各一两） 白术（土炒五钱） 生姜、红枣引。水煎服。
人参养营汤 治脾经气虚。营血不足。惊悸健忘。寝汗发热。食少无味。身倦肌瘦。
人参 白术（土炒） 黄 （蜜炒） 炙甘草 陈皮 全当归 桂心（各一钱） 熟地黄 五味子（蜜炒）
白茯苓（各七分） 白芍药（酒炒八分） 远志肉（去骨甘草水煮五分） 生姜、红枣引。水煎服。
人参白虎汤（见六十四条）
黄连解毒汤（见三十五条）
Continuous mild sweating prevents heat from lingering. From the initial eruption to the resolution of measles, this type of sweating is essential for protecting the body. Aromatic and ascending herbs must be strictly prohibited; if misused causing profuse sweating, they become enemies rather than remedies.
Spontaneous sweating (Zi Han) belongs to Yang deficiency. Its appearance after measles is particularly critical. One must prevent exposure to wind to avoid convulsions (Jing Bing). The treatment should focus on nourishing Yin to restrain hyperactive Yang, thereby resolving the symptoms.
Mild whole-body sweating during fever is most appropriate, as it indicates open Yuan Fu (sweat pores), facilitating the eruption of measles. Pathogenic factors in the Wei (Defensive) level are thus dispersed. However, excessive sweating leading to collapse of Yang (Wang Yang) is contraindicated.
High fever with no sweating is a dire omen. This is not due to Wind-Cold but to Fire constraint. Persistent absence of sweating from onset to resolution, even after the rash subsides, leads to numerous complications.
Measles may present with spontaneous sweating, mild sweating, profuse sweating, or anhidrosis, each having specific indications and contraindications. Throughout the period from initial eruption to resolution, mild sweating is preferred. Mild sweating ensures smooth skin and open Cou Li (interstices), allowing the measles to emerge easily. During fever, spontaneous sweating has a dispersing effect and is considered a normal sign. (Zhu stated: Both mild and spontaneous sweating are auspicious signs.) Generally, when measles encounter spontaneous sweating, toxins are resolved through sweat, Yuan Fu opens, and measles toxins erupt, while pathogenic factors in the Wei level disperse. One must not abruptly stop sweating nor re-administer ascending/dispersing agents. If ascending agents are used despite existing spontaneous sweating, it may cause profuse sweating and lead to collapse of Yang. Spontaneous sweating originally stems from Yang deficiency; it is harmless initially, but if it occurs after measles, it often leads to convulsions. Wind exposure must be avoided. The method should be to nourish Yin and suppress Yang, clearing internal deficient heat so that sweating stops naturally. Use Si Wu Tang (see Article 25), removing Bai Shao and Chuan Xiong, adding Xuan Shen and Mu Li Fen. If post-measles spontaneous sweating is accompanied by anorexia and vomiting of roundworms, it is a severe deficiency syndrome, very difficult to treat. (Zhu stated: Spontaneous sweating with anorexia and vomiting of worms is another difficult deficiency syndrome.) One may also use Si Wu Tang (see Article 25) added with Mu Li, Huo Xiang, and Shi Hu. Burn old palm fans or mats to ash, grind into fine powder, and mix with the medicine. Mismedication can lead to complex transformations and poor outcomes. Do not rigidly apply standard early-measles treatments using acrid-warm dispersing agents. If Spleen Heat is confirmed, use Xie Huang San removing Gan Cao, adjusting according to symptoms, which aligns with standard early-measles protocols. For spontaneous sweating with irritability, thirst, Qi stagnation, and rapid pulse, use Jing Yuan Zhu Ren's Hua Ban Tang added with Gua Lou Shuang.
Profuse sweating has two causes: excessive bedding causing overheating, or overuse of ascending/dispersing agents. Neither is desirable. (Zhu stated: Profuse sweating is not a standard treatment and should only be used occasionally.) The concern is that profuse sweating may cause collapse of Yang. Mild cases may fail to recover; severe cases may be fatal. In cases of obscured measles failing to erupt, one might temporarily use ascending agents to induce profuse sweating to resolve toxins via sweat. This is a variable method, not standard treatment, and carries high risk. As the Classics state: "Excessive sweating leads to collapse of Yang; stop it immediately." Use Mi Ben Huang Lian Tang or Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang, externally applying Wen Fen Pu Fa. (Some use Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang combined with Huang Lian Jie Du Tang, which seems inappropriate; these formulas are listed below for reference.) In women, post-measles profuse sweating with palpitations and mental confusion may result from menstruation coinciding with measles. Measles involves Fire; Heart Fire is strong, and Ying Blood is already depleted. Menstruation further depletes blood. After measles resolution, both Qi and Blood are deficient, leading to profuse sweating, palpitations, and confusion. (Zhu stated: Post-measles Qi and Blood deficiency includes profuse sweating and palpitations.) Urgently administer Yu Ping San added with Mu Li Fen to stop sweating and prevent Yang collapse. Subsequently, use Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang, removing Gui Xin and Wu Wei Zi, adding large amounts of Mu Li Fen and Long Gu, administered in large doses. Immediate treatment is crucial; delay is fatal.
If early measles present with high fever and anhidrosis, it is often due to severe external Wind-Cold causing dry skin and closed pores, obstructing measles eruption and leading to internal attack. (Zhu stated: Anhidrosis in measles often leads to internal attack. Cooling, descending fire, clearing Lung, assisted by ascending herbs is an emergency treatment.) Symptoms may include abdominal distension/pain or wheezing. In summer/autumn, use mild ascending/dispersing methods: Ge Gen Jie Ji Tang (see Article 5) removing Chi Shao and Gan Cao, adding Mu Tong and Zhi Ke. In winter/spring cold months, increase dispersing strength: Jia Wei San Ao Tang removing Jie Geng and Gan Cao, or Ge Gen Shu Xie Tang (see Article 33) added with Chao Ma Huang. Do not overdose; aim for continuous mild sweating to keep Cou Li moist and facilitate eruption. Another cause of anhidrosis is extreme heat and Fire constraint, causing dry, unyielding skin and difficult eruption. External signs include cracked lips/tongue, constipation/dysuria, lethargy, high fever, body pain, abdominal distension, wheezing, and phlegm rattle. Regardless of timing, urgently use cooling/descending fire/clearing Lung herbs assisted by ascending agents: Bai Hu Jie Du Tang (see Article 26) added with Di Gu Pi, Bei Mu, Xuan Shen, Niu Bang Zi, Qian Hu, and Gan Ge. Delay risks complicated syndromes. Generally, mild sweating is favorable in measles; obtaining sweat throughout is ideal. The Classics state: "Continuous mild sweating allows heat to dissipate without lingering." If there is no sweat throughout, measles cannot resolve properly, leaving residual symptoms. Cooling, ascending, and detoxifying methods are appropriate.
Xie Huang San
Fang Feng (4 qian), Zhi Ren (stir-fried black, 1 qian), Huo Xiang Ye (0.7 fen), Shi Gao (5 qian), Gan Cao (2 qian). Grind to powder. Take with warm water. Or stir-fry with honey and wine, then take with warm water.
Jia Wei San Ao Tang
Ma Huang (without root ends, 3 qian), Xing Ren (with skin and tip, oil removed, 20 grains), Sheng Gan Cao, Jing Jie Sui, Jie Geng. Decoct in water.
Jing Yuan Zhu Ren Hua Ban Tang
Shi Gao, Zhi Mu, Xuan Shen, Mai Dong, Niu Bang Zi, Lian Qiao, Huang Qin, Di Gu Pi, Dan Zhu Ye. Decoct in water.
Mi Ben Huang Lian Tang
Huang Lian, Huang Bo, Huang Qin, Mai Dong, Sheng Di Huang, Dang Gui, Sheng Huang. Decoct. Mix in ash from burned palm fan.
Dang Gui Liu Huang Tang Treats spontaneous sweating and night sweats.
Dang Gui, Sheng Di Huang, Shu Di Huang, Huang [Qi] (honey-fried, 1 qian each), Huang Qin, Huang Lian, Huang Bo (0.5 fen each). Decoct in water.
Wen Fen Pu Fa
Huang Lian, Mu Li Fen, Bei Mu (5 qian each), Jing Mi Fen (1 sheng). Grind to powder. Apply to the body.
Yu Ping Feng San
Huang [Qi] (roasted, 1 liang), Da Dang Gui (6 qian), Chen Nu Mi (1 he, stir-fried yellow). Decoct in water.
Yu Ping San Treats unremitting spontaneous sweating, Qi deficiency, and weak exterior.
Huang [Qi] (honey-fried), Fang Feng (1 liang each), Bai Zhu (earth-fried, 5 qian). Use Sheng Jiang and Hong Zao as guides. Decoct in water.
Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang Treats Spleen Qi deficiency, Ying-Blood insufficiency, palpitations, amnesia, night sweats, fever, anorexia, aversion to taste, fatigue, emaciation.
Ren Shen, Bai Zhu (earth-fried), Huang [Qi] (honey-fried), Zhi Gan Cao, Chen Pi, Quan Dang Gui, Gui Xin (1 qian each), Shu Di Huang, Wu Wei Zi (honey-fried), Bai Fu Ling (0.7 fen each), Bai Shao Yao (wine-fried, 0.8 fen), Yuan Zhi Rou (de-boned, boiled in Gan Cao water, 0.5 fen). Use Sheng Jiang and Hong Zao as guides. Decoct in water.
Ren Shen Bai Hu Tang (see Article 64)
Huang Lian Jie Du Tang (see Article 35)