平按∶此篇自篇首至末，见《素问》卷十二第四十二《风论》篇，又见《甲乙经》
卷十第二上编。
黄帝问于岐伯曰∶风之伤人，或为寒热，或为热中，或为寒中，或为疠，或为偏枯；
或为贼风也，其病各异，其名不同；（风、气一也，徐缓为气，急疾为风。人之生也，
感风气以生；其为病也，因风气为病。是以风为百病之长，故伤人也，有成未成。伤人
成病，凡有五别∶一曰寒热，二曰热中，三曰寒中，四曰疠病，五曰偏枯。此之五者，
以为风伤变成。余病形病名各不同，或为贼风者，但风之为病，所因不同，故病名病形
亦各异也。平按∶《素问》、《甲乙》无于岐伯三字，伤人下均有也字，疠均作厉，下
均有风字。或为贼风也《甲乙》作其为风也，《素问》作或为风也。注急疾袁刻作疾急。）
或内至五脏六腑，不知其解，愿闻其说。岐伯曰∶风气藏于皮肤间，内不得通，外不得
泄，风者喜行而数变，（言风入于脏腑之内为病，遂名脏腑之风。风气藏于皮肤之间，
内不得通生大小便道，外不得腠理中泄。风性好动，故喜行数变以为病也。平按∶《素
问》、《甲乙》曰上有对字，间上有之字。喜作善，下同。风者《甲乙》作风气者。注
生大小便，生字恐衍。）腠理开则洒然寒
闭，闭则热而 ，（风气之邪得之因者，或因饥虚，或因复用力，腠理开发，风入毛腠，
洒然而寒，腠理闭塞，内壅热闷。洒音洗，如洗而寒也。平按∶洒《甲乙》作 。闭字
《素问》、《甲乙》不重。闭则热而 ，《素问》 作闷，《甲乙》作不热而闷。）其
寒也则衰食饮，其热也销肌肉，故使人 而不能食，名曰寒热。（其寒不泄在内，故
不能食；其热不泄在外，故销肌肉也。是以使人恶风而不能食，称曰寒热之病。 ，
振寒貌也。平按∶销肌肉《素问》、《甲乙》作则消肌肉。 《甲乙》作解 ，《素
问》新校正云∶全元起本作失味。）风气与阳入胃，循脉而上至目 ，其人肥，则风气不
得外泄，则为热中而目黄也。（以下言热中病也。风气从皮肤，循足阳明之经，入于胃
中；足阳明经从目内 ，入属于胃，故循其脉至目内 。以其人肥，腠理密实不开，风
气壅而不得外泄，故内为热中，病目黄也。平按∶与阳入胃《素问》、《甲乙》作与阳
明入胃，目 作目内 。）人变瘦，则外泄而寒，则为寒中而泣出。（以下言寒中之病
也。人瘦则腠理疏虚，外泄温气，故风气内以为寒中。足阳明脉虚冷，故目泣出也。平
按∶《素问》、《甲乙》瘦上无变字。）风气与巨阳俱入，行诸脉输，散于分理间，冲
气淫邪，与卫气相干，其道不利，故使肌肉贲 而有伤，卫气有所 而不行，故其肉
有不仁。（以下言疠病也。巨阳，足太阳也。风气之邪与足太阳，二气俱入十二经脉输穴
之中，又散于分肉腠理之间，其与太阳俱入于输，冲上来者，淫邪之气，与卫气相干，
致令卫气涩而不行，故肌肉贲起，腹胀有所伤也。以卫气凝聚不行，故肉不仁也。 ，
义当凝也。平按∶《素问》、《甲乙》巨阳作太阳，输作俞，分理作分肉，冲气淫邪，
《素问》无此四字，《甲乙》作卫气悍邪时五字。贲 《甲乙》作 胀，《素问》作愤
。伤《素问》、《甲乙》均作疡。
《素问》、《甲乙》作凝。）疠者，营气热 ，其气不精，故使其鼻柱坏而色败也，
皮肤伤溃，风寒客于脉不去，名曰疠风，（ ，腐也。太阳与卫气在营血之中，故浊而
热于胸腹。上冲于鼻，故鼻鼽骨坏。其气散于皮肤，故皮肤溃烂。以其邪风寒气客脉，
留而不去为病，称曰疠风。疠，力誓反。平按∶营气《素问》、《甲乙》作有荣气。
《甲乙》作浮。不精《素问》、《甲乙》作不清。伤溃《素问》、《甲乙》作疡溃。）
或名曰寒热。（言前疠风，或名寒热之病也。）以春甲乙伤于风者为肝风，以夏丙丁伤
于风者为心风，以季夏戊己伤于邪者为脾风，以秋庚辛中于邪者为肺风，以冬壬癸中于
邪者为肾风。（春甲乙者，木王时也。木王盛时，冲上风来，名曰邪风。木盛近衰，故
冲上邪风来伤于肝，故曰肝风。余皆仿此。平按∶戊己伤于邪，《甲乙》邪作风。庚辛
中于邪，及壬癸中于邪，《甲乙》均作伤于风。）风气中五脏六腑之输，亦为脏腑之风，
（脏腑输者，当是背输。近伤脏腑之输，故曰脏腑之风也。平按∶《素问》风下无气字。
输《素问》、《甲乙》作俞。）各入其门户之中，则为偏风。（门户，空穴也。邪气所
中之处，即偏为病，故名偏风也。平按∶之中《素问》作所中，《甲乙》作风之所中。）
风气循风府而上，则为脑风。（风府，在项入发际一寸，督脉阳维之会，近太阳入脑出
处。风邪循脉入脑，故名脑病也。）风入系头，则为目风。（邪气入于目，系在头，故
为目风也。平按∶《甲乙》入上无风字。系《素问》作 。）眠寒饮酒中风，则为漏风。
（因饮酒寒眠，腠开中漏汗，故为漏风。有本，目风眼寒也。平按∶眠寒《素问》、
《甲乙》作眼寒，属上节。）入房汗出中风，则为内风。（入房用力汗出，中风内伤，
故曰内风也。）新沐中风，则为首风。（新沐发已，头上垢落，腠开得风，故曰首风也。）
久风入中，
则为肠风飧泄。（皮肤受风日久，传入肠胃之中泄痢，故曰肠风。）外在腠理，则为泄
风。（风在腠理之中，泄汗不止，故曰泄风也。）故风者百病之长也，至其变化为他病
也无常方，然故有风气也。（百病因风而生，故为长也。以因于风，变为万病，非唯一
途，故风气以为病长也。平按∶《素问》、《甲乙》化下有乃字。故《素问》作致，新
校正云∶“全元起本及《甲乙经》致字作故攻。”今本《甲乙》仍作故，下无攻字。）
[Ping An]: This chapter, from the beginning to the end, is found in Volume XII, Chapter 42 "Treatise on Wind" (Feng Lun) of the *Suwen* (Basic Questions), and also in Volume X, Part II, Section A of the *Jiayi Jing* (Systematic Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion).
The Yellow Emperor asked Qibo: When wind pathogen injures the human body, it may cause cold-heat disorder (Han Re Bing), heat-in-the-middle disorder (Re Zhong Bing), cold-in-the-middle disorder (Han Zhong Bing), leprosy-like disease (Li Bing), or hemiplegia/paralysis (Pian Ku); it may also be called thief-wind (Zeifeng). The diseases are different from each other, and their names are not the same. (Wind and Qi are the same entity; slow-moving is called Qi, while rapid-moving is called Wind. Humans are born by sensing Wind-Qi; when they become ill, it is due to Wind-Qi causing disease. Therefore, Wind is the chief of a hundred diseases. Thus, when it injures humans, some conditions develop into disease, while others do not yet. Injuries resulting in disease can be categorized into five types: first, Cold-Heat; second, Heat-in-the-Middle; third, Cold-in-the-Middle; fourth, Li Disease; fifth, Pian Ku. These five arise from changes caused by Wind injury. Other disease manifestations and names vary; those called Thief-Wind simply indicate that the causes of Wind disease differ, hence the disease names and manifestations are also distinct.) [Ping An: The *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* lack the three characters "Yu Qibo". Both add the character "Ye" after "Shangren". Both write "Li" as "Li" (plague/malignant). Both add "Feng" later. "Huo wei Zeifeng ye" in *Jiayi Jing* is written as "Qi wei Feng ye"; in *Suwen* it is "Huo wei Feng ye". Note: Yuan edition prints "Jiji" as "Ji Ji".]
Some wind pathogens penetrate deeply into the Zang-Fu organs; I do not understand the mechanism, and I wish to hear your explanation. Qibo said: Wind pathogen hides between the skin layers, unable to circulate internally nor excrete externally. Wind nature favors movement and frequent changes, (Meaning: When wind enters the interior of Zang-Fu organs to cause disease, it is named Wind of the Zang-Fu. Wind pathogen hides between the skin layers; internally it cannot open the pathways for urination and defecation, and externally it cannot discharge through the Couli (pores/cutaneous spaces). Wind nature likes motion, thus it prefers rapid changes to cause disease.) [Ping An: *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* have the character "Dui" before "Xi", and "Zhi" before "Jian". "Xi" is written as "Shan", same below. *Jiayi Jing* writes "Fengqi zhe". Note: The character "Sheng" is likely an interpolation.] If the Couli open, there is a shivering sensation of cold; if the Couli close, there is fever accompanied by chest oppression/stuffiness, (Those contracting this illness may do so due to hunger and deficiency, or due to overexertion, causing Couli to open and wind to enter hair follicles and Couli, resulting in shivering cold; if Couli close, internal heat becomes stagnant and stifling. "Sa" sounds like "Xi", feeling cold as if washed.) [Ping An: "Sa" in *Jiayi Jing* is written as " ". The character "Bi" is not repeated in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing*. "Bi ze re er ", in *Suwen* " " is written as "Men"; in *Jiayi Jing* as "Bu re er Men".] This cold condition leads to decreased appetite; this heat condition consumes muscle tissue, thus causing chills and inability to eat, named Cold-Heat Disorder (Han Re Bing). (Its coldness does not vent outward but stays inside, hence inability to eat; its heat does not vent outward but stays inside, hence consuming muscles. Therefore, it makes one fear wind and unable to eat, termed Cold-Heat disease. " ", refers to the appearance of shivering/chills.) [Ping An: "Xiao Jirou" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is written as "Ze Xiao Jirou". *Jiayi Jing* writes "Jie "; Xin Zhengjiao says Quan Yuanqi's version has "Shi Wei".]
Wind pathogen combined with Yang enters the Stomach, follows the meridians upward to the inner canthus of the eye. If the person is obese, the wind pathogen cannot excrete externally, leading to Heat-in-the-Middle disorder and yellow eyes. (Below discusses Heat-in-the-Middle disease. Wind pathogen travels from the skin along the Foot-Yangming Meridian into the Stomach; the Foot-Yangming Meridian starts at the inner canthus of the eye and connects to the Stomach, thus following the meridian to the inner canthus. Because the person is obese, the Couli are dense and do not open, wind pathogen stagnates and cannot excrete externally, thus forming Heat-in-the-Middle internally, manifesting as yellow eyes.) [Ping An: "Yu Yang Ru Wei" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is written as "Yu Yangming Ru Wei"; "Mu " is written as "Mu Neiqu".] If the person becomes thin, Yang excretes externally causing cold, leading to Cold-in-the-Middle disorder and tearing. (Below discusses Cold-in-the-Middle disease. Thin people have loose and deficient Couli, allowing warm Qi to excrete externally, so wind pathogen forms Cold-in-the-Middle internally. The Foot-Yangming Meridian is deficient and cold, hence tears flow.) [Ping An: The character "Bian" before "Shou" is absent in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing*.]
Wind pathogen enters together with Ju Yang (Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian), circulating through the Shu points of various meridians, scattering between the Fenli (muscle intervals) and Couli. Chong Qi and Yin Xie interfere with Wei Qi, obstructing the pathways, thus causing muscle swelling/bulging and injury. Wei Qi becomes stagnant and fails to circulate, resulting in insensitivity/numbness of the flesh. (Below discusses Li Disease. Ju Yang refers to the Foot-Taiyang Meridian. Wind pathogen and Foot-Taiyang Qi jointly enter the Shu points of the twelve meridians, then scatter between the muscle intervals and Couli. Those rising with Taiyang entering the Shu points are Yin Xie (excessive evil qi), interfering with Wei Qi, causing Wei Qi to become sluggish and non-circulating, thus muscles bulge, abdominal distension occurs with injury. Due to Wei Qi aggregation and non-circulation, the flesh becomes insensitive. " ", meaning "Ning" (congeal/stagnate).) [Ping An: "Ju Yang" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is "Taiyang"; "Shu" is "Yu"; "Fenli" is "Fenrou". "Chong Qi Yin Xie" four characters are absent in *Suwen*; *Jiayi Jing* writes "Wei Qi Han Xie Shi Wu Zi". "Ben " in *Jiayi Jing* is " Zhang"; *Suwen* is "Fen ". "Shang" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is "Yang". *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* write "Ning".]
Li Disease: Ying Qi is heated and turbid, its Qi is impure, thus causing collapse of the nasal bridge and deterioration of complexion, with skin injury and ulceration. Wind-Cold lodges in the meridians and does not depart, named Leprosy Wind (Li Feng), (" ", means putrefaction. Taiyang and Wei Qi are within Ying Blood, thus becoming turbid and hot in the chest and abdomen. Rising upward to the nose, the nasal bone collapses. Its Qi scatters to the skin, causing skin ulceration. Because evil wind-cold lodges in the meridians and remains, causing disease, it is called Li Feng. Li, pronunciation li-shi fan.) [Ping An: "Ying Qi" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is "You Rong Qi". *Jiayi Jing* writes "Fu". "Bu Jing" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is "Bu Qing". "Shang Kui" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is "Yang Kui".]
Sometimes it is named Cold-Heat Disorder. (Meaning the aforementioned Li Feng is sometimes also called Cold-Heat disease.) If injured by wind on Jia/Yi days in Spring, it is Liver Wind (Gan Feng); if injured by wind on Bing/Ding days in Summer, it is Heart Wind (Xin Feng); if injured by evil on Wu/Ji days in Late Summer, it is Spleen Wind (Pi Feng); if struck by evil on Geng/Xin days in Autumn, it is Lung Wind (Fei Feng); if struck by evil on Ren/Gui days in Winter, it is Kidney Wind (Shen Feng). (Spring Jia/Yi days represent the time when Wood Qi is prosperous. When Wood Qi is abundant, upward-rushing wind comes, named Evil Wind. As Wood Qi peaks and nears decline, the upward-rushing evil wind injures the Liver, hence Liver Wind. Others follow this pattern.) [Ping An: In *Jiayi Jing*, "Wu Ji Shang Yu Xie" writes "Xie" as "Feng". "Geng Xin Zhong Yu Xie" and "Ren Gui Zhong Yu Xie" in *Jiayi Jing* both write "Shang Yu Feng".]
Wind pathogen invading the Shu points of the Zang-Fu organs also creates Zang-Fu Wind, (Zang-Fu Shu points refer to the Back-Shu points on the back. Near injury to the Zang-Fu Shu points is thus called Zang-Fu Wind.) [Ping An: No "Qi" character after "Feng" in *Suwen*. "Shu" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is "Yu".] Entering their respective gates (acupoints), it becomes Pian Feng (Partial Wind). (Gate refers to acupoints. Where evil strikes, disease manifests partially, hence named Pian Feng.) [Ping An: "Zhi Zhong" in *Suwen* is "Suo Zhong"; *Jiayi Jing* is "Feng Zhi Suo Zhong".]
Wind pathogen ascending along the Fengfu point becomes Brain Wind (Nao Feng). (Fengfu point is one cun above the posterior hairline at the nape, intersection of Du Mai and Yangwei Mai, near where Taiyang enters the brain. Wind evil follows the meridian into the brain, hence named Brain disease.) Wind entering the Eye System (head connections) becomes Eye Wind (Mu Feng). (Evil enters the eyes, connected to the head, hence Eye Wind.) [Ping An: No "Feng" after "Ru" in *Jiayi Jing*. "Xi" in *Suwen* is " ".] Sleeping while cold or drinking alcohol then being struck by wind becomes Leak Wind (Lou Feng). (Due to drinking and sleeping while cold, Couli open and sweat leaks out, hence Leak Wind. Some versions read "Eye Wind Eye Cold".) [Ping An: "Mian Han" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing* is "Yan Han", belonging to the previous section.]
Exhaustion from intercourse with sweating followed by wind strike becomes Internal Wind (Nei Feng). (Intercourse exertion causes sweating, wind strike causes internal injury, hence Internal Wind.) Newly washed hair then struck by wind becomes Head Wind (Shou Feng). (After newly washing hair, scalp dirt falls off, Couli open to wind, hence Head Wind.)
Long-standing wind penetrating inward becomes Intestinal Wind (Chang Feng) with undigested food diarrhea (Sun Xie). (Skin exposed to wind for long periods, transmitting to intestines/stomach causing dysentery/diarrhea, hence Intestinal Wind.) Wind remaining externally in Couli becomes Sweat-Leak Wind (Xie Feng). (Wind in Couli causes incessant sweating, hence Sweat-Leak Wind.)
Therefore, Wind is the chief of all diseases. Its transformation into other diseases has no fixed pattern, but the root cause is always the presence of Wind pathogen. (All diseases arise from Wind, hence called Chief. Because originating from Wind, it transforms into myriad diseases, not just one pathway, thus Wind is considered the chief of disease.) [Ping An: "Nai" character after "Hua" in *Suwen* and *Jiayi Jing*. "Gu" in *Suwen* is "Zhi"; Xin Zhengjiao says: "Quan Yuanqi version and *Jiayi Jing* 'Zhi' character is written as 'Gong'. Current *Jiayi Jing* still writes 'Gu', without 'Gong' below.]