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Huangdi sat in a relaxed posture and summoned Leigong, asking him: "You have studied the arts of medicine and recited medical texts. If you can browse diverse learning, apply analogical reasoning (Bilei), and comprehend the underlying principles, please tell me your strengths. Regarding the Zang-Fu organs (Gallbladder, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Spleen, Bladder/Uterus), as well as brain marrow, nasal discharge, saliva, crying, grief, and the pathways of water metabolism—all these are fundamental to human life. If errors occur in treatment, you must clarify these matters; only then can you achieve perfect success. If you do not understand them, you will incur the resentment of the world."

Leigong replied: "I request to recite the *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) · Upper and Lower Chapters. Although there is much content, and I can distinguish differences and apply analogical reasoning, I am still unable to achieve perfection. How could I possibly elucidate everything?"

Huangdi said: "Try again to explain the disorders of the Five Zang organs, the disharmony of the Six Fu organs, the failures of acupuncture and stone therapy, the appropriate use of medicinal substances, and the flavors and effects of decoctions. State their conditions in detail and answer all my questions regarding what you do not know."

Leigong said: "Liver deficiency, Kidney deficiency, and Spleen deficiency all cause the body to feel heavy and the mind to feel vexed and oppressed. One should administer medicinal substances, acupuncture, moxibustion, Bian stones, or decoctions. Some recover, some do not. I wish to hear your explanation."

Huangdi said: "How old are you to ask such superficial questions? My inquiry was about profound and subtle principles, yet you answered with the *Mai Jing*. Why? The pulse of Spleen deficiency is floating and weak, resembling the Lung pulse; the Kidney pulse is small and floating, resembling the Spleen pulse; the Liver pulse is rapid, deep, and scattered, resembling the Kidney pulse. These are areas where physicians often become confused, but they can be clarified through calm and thorough analysis (Congrong). As for the interplay of these three Zang organs with Wood, Earth, and Water elements, this is knowledge known even to children. Why ask me?"

Leigong said: "There is a patient here suffering from headache, tendon spasm, heaviness in the bones, timidity with shortness of breath, hiccups and belching, abdominal fullness, frequent fright, and aversion to lying down. Which Zang organ's disorder is this? The pulse is floating and wiry (Xian); upon palpation, it is hard like a stone. I do not understand the explanation. I ask again about the distinctions among the three Zang organs to understand via analogy."

Huangdi said: "This is what 'Congrong' (Calm and Thorough Analysis) means. For the elderly, seek the pathology in the Fu organs; for the young, seek it in the meridians; for the vigorous adults, seek it in the Zang organs. What you said is incorrect. The Eight Winds stagnate and transform into heat, causing the Five Zang organs to waste away, with pathogens transmitting from one to another. A floating and wiry pulse indicates insufficiency of Kidney Qi. A deep and stone-hard pulse indicates Kidney Qi adhering internally. Timidity and shortness of breath indicate that the water pathways are blocked and the formative Qi is exhausted. Coughing and vexation indicate rebellion of Kidney Qi. The pathogenic qi of one person resides in one Zang organ. To say that three Zang organs are simultaneously affected violates the laws of diagnosis."

Leigong said: "There is a patient here with flaccidity and weakness in the four limbs, wheezing, coughing, and bleeding from the bowels or urine. I diagnosed this as an injury to the Lung. Palpating the pulse, I found it floating, large, and tight. I dared not treat. A crude physician applied Bian stones (bloodletting), and after the bleeding stopped, the body felt light. What disease is this?"

Huangdi said: "The diseases you can treat are numerous, but your judgment on this case is wrong. It is like a wild goose flying and accidentally striking the sky. The sage treats disease by following laws and standards, drawing analogies from objects, and transforming insights in the unseen realm, tracing from above to below, without rigidly adhering to a single meridian. Now, a pulse that is floating, large, and empty indicates the external severance of Spleen Qi, leaving the Stomach and returning externally to the Yangming channel. When the Two Fires (Heart Fire and Ministerial Fire) cannot overcome the Three Waters (Kidney Water, etc.), the pulse becomes chaotic and irregular. Flaccidity in the four limbs indicates that Spleen Essence fails to circulate. Wheezing and coughing indicate Water Qi merging with the Yangming channel. Bleeding indicates that due to the urgent pulse, blood has no pathway to flow. If you consider this an injury to the Lung, it is a result of error and madness. Failing to employ analogical reasoning shows unclear wisdom. An actual injury to the Lung presents with Spleen Qi failing to maintain control, Stomach Qi lacking clarity, Meridian Qi failing to serve, the collapse of True Zang pulses, the severance of collateral meridians, and leakage of the Five Zang essences, manifesting as either epistaxis or vomiting. This is completely unlike the symptoms described above. It is like Heaven having no shape and Earth having no texture; white and black are far apart. This is my fault. Because I knew you were intelligent, I did not tell you. Understanding how to cite analogies and practice Congrong diagnosis is called 'Zhen Qing' (Light Diagnosis/Misjudgment), which constitutes the Supreme Dao."