《素问》云∶身热恶寒，战栗惊惑，皆属热证，为少阴君火暴。强直，肢 戾，里急筋
缩也，皆属风证，为厥阴风木火。
小儿六岁之上，为小儿。十八岁以上，为少年。其六岁以下者，诸经不载，是以乳下
婴儿，有病难治，无可定也。然小儿与大人，不可一例，各异治之。虽小儿诞生，襁褓之后，
骨肉脆软，肠胃细微，可以乳食调和脏腑，乃得平安。肌肤滋润，筋骨轻嫩，以绵衣之，
故生壅滞。内有积热，热乘于心，心受邪热，乃发为惊。惊不止，反为潮搐，则为病也。
大概小儿病者，纯阳多热，冷少，故引《素问》少阴、厥阴证，以小儿病，惊风热多
矣。小儿惊风者，皆由心火暴甚而制金，金不能平木，故风火相搏，而昏冒惊悸潮热。此证
皆谓热甚而生风，《素问》惊骇惊悸，少阴君火也。
小儿脾疳利泻者，皆热甚。急惊，泻利色多青，为热证明矣。利色黄者何？为火甚，
则水衰而睥土旺，故利色黄也。利色赤红者，为心火，热甚深也。利色黑者，为火热过极，
则反兼水化制之，故色黑也。五脏皆言热证，无寒冷证。亦有谓泻利小便青白不涩，为寒。
水谷不化而色不变，吐利腥秽，澄澈清冷，白，不涩，身凉不渴，脉迟细而微者，寒证也。
谷虽不化，而色变非白，烦渴，小便赤黄而涩者，为之热证。世传大人小儿吐利霍乱，食乳
未及消化，而利尚白，便言论为寒证，误矣。（向不脉候别之。）仲景邪热不化谷，岂为寒也！
大人也同。
龙脑地黄膏 治小儿急慢惊风，痰涎上潮心胸，天吊，惊悸，喉风，小儿胸膈不利，一
切热毒，大有神验。如病不已，与分肢散一二服，吐利得快。常服此药。
川大黄（别捣） 甘草（横纹者，别捣） 麝香（一钱，别研） 雄黄（水窟者一分，
别研） 生脑子（一钱，别研）
上五味，各修制了，再入钵内，同研细，炼蜜为膏，油单裹，旋丸如皂子大，化下。如
有前病，煎薄荷汤下。如小儿大人睡惊及心神恍惚，煎金银汤下一丸。常服，新汲水下，大解暑
毒。如孕妇人常服，新生男女，永无疾病。如有大人阳毒伤寒，加轻粉二匣子、龙脑少许，
水化下一丸，杏核大。小儿看年纪大小加减，服立效。
分肢散 治小儿卒风，大人口眼 斜，风涎裹心，惊痫天吊，走马喉痹，急惊，一切风
热等疾。
巴豆（半两，不出油） 川大黄（一两） 朴硝（半两）
上，大黄为末，后入巴豆、朴硝，一处细研，用油贴起。如有前患，每服半钱，热茶下。
吐下顽涎，立愈。如小儿胸喉惊吊等，先服龙脑地黄膏一服，次服此药一字，茶下。时上吐下
泻。微泻，以吐利得快为效。大人半钱，小儿一字，看虚实加减。只是一两服，见效，不宜
常服。如吐泻不定，以葱白汤，立止。
珍珠丸 治小儿虚中积热惊痫等疾。
巴豆霜 腻粉（各二钱） 滑石（三钱） 天南星（一钱半） 蝎梢（二十四个） 续随子（二
十四个） 粉霜（一钱半）
上为末，研令极细，以糯米粥为丸，如黄米大，小儿二岁以下，每服一丸至三丸，十五
岁，每服五丸至十丸，点茶汤下，荆芥汤亦得。虚实加减。
朱黄散 治小儿上焦壅热，诸眼疾。
肉桂 郁金（各一两） 马牙硝（四两） 甘草（半两，并生）
上为末，每服一钱，新汲水调下，重枕卧片时。若是小儿，十岁服半钱，五岁以下
服一字，永无惊疳痫风患。服之立效。如患眼三五年，吃三五两便瘥。
朱砂丸 治小儿急慢惊风，及风热生涎，咽喉不利，取惊积。
朱砂 天南星 巴豆霜（各一钱）
上为末，面糊和丸，如黍粒大，看病虚实大小，每服二丸。或天吊戴上眼，每服四
五丸，薄荷水下，立愈。
郁金散 治小儿急慢惊风等疾。
郁金（一枚，大者） 巴豆（七个，去皮，不出油）
上研为细末，每服一字，煎竹叶汤放温下。把药抄盏，唇上放，以汤充
下喉咽为妙。
泽泻散 治小儿 HT ，膈上壅热，涎潮。
泽泻（一分） 蝉壳（全者二十一个） 黄明胶（手掌大一片，炙令焦）
上为细末，每服一大钱，温中汤调下，日进二服。未愈，再服。
镇庭散 治小儿一切惊喘，肚胀咳嗽。
郁金 大黄（各半两） 甘草（三钱） 轻粉（一钱）
上为末，每服半钱，用薄荷汁、朱砂（细研），冷水，以木匙沥下。
定命散 治小儿天吊惊风，不能哭泣。
藜芦 川芎 郁金（各等分）
上研为细末，鼻中 之。如哭，可医。
金肺散 治小儿诸般喘嗽急惊风，神效！
锡灰（一钱） 汉防己（二钱） 郁金（一钱半） 砒黄（二钱） 半夏（一钱半，汤洗七次）
上为细末，每服半钱，加至一钱，小儿加减，煎猪肉汤下，日进二服，食后。
浓朴散 治小儿虚滑泻利不止。
浓朴 诃子皮（各半两） 使君子（一个） 拣丁香（十个） 茯苓 吴白术 青皮（各二钱）
甘草（一寸，炒）
上为末，每服一宇，一岁，加减，用清米汤下。
人参散 治小儿虚热烦渴，因吐泻烦渴不止。及疏转后服之。
人参（半两） 茯苓（二两半） 牛膝（二钱半） 甘草（半两） 甘葛（半两） 桔梗（二钱半）
上为末，每服二钱，水一大盏，入灯心五茎，同煎至六分，放温，不计时候。烦热者，
以新竹汤下。量年纪加减。
碧云散 治小儿惊风有痰。
胆矾（半两，研） 铜青（一分，研） 粉霜 轻粉（各一钱）
上为细末，每服一字，薄荷汤下。中风，将水下。如吐多不定，煎葱白汤投之，立止，效。
桃符丸 治小儿风热。
大黄 郁李仁 黄柏 宣连 郁金（各一分） 巴豆（二七个，去皮，出油为霜） 轻粉（二钱）
上为末，滴水为丸，如绿豆大，以朱砂为衣，每服二丸，用桃符煎汤下。看大人小儿加减。
The *Suwen* (Basic Questions) states: Body heat, aversion to cold, trembling, and惊惑 (fright and confusion) all belong to Heat syndromes, caused by the sudden hyperactivity of Shaoyin Junhuo (Ministerial Fire). Stiffness and rigidity, twisting of limbs, abdominal tension, and contraction of sinews all belong to Wind syndromes, caused by Jueyin Fengmu (Wind-Wood) transforming into fire.
Children above six years of age are called "Xiao'er" (children). Those above eighteen years of age are called "Shaonian" (youths). For those below six years of age, there is little record in the meridian classics; therefore, nursing infants with illnesses are difficult to treat, and there is no fixed standard. However, children and adults cannot be treated identically; their treatments must differ. Although after birth, within the swaddling clothes, a child's flesh and bones are brittle and soft, and intestines and stomach are delicate, relying on milk and food to harmonize the Zang-Fu organs allows for peace and safety. The skin is moist, and bones and sinews are tender. If wrapped too tightly in cotton clothes, it leads to Qi stagnation. Internal accumulation of heat occurs; when heat attacks the Heart, and the Heart receives pathogenic heat, it triggers Fright (Jing). If Fright does not cease, it turns into tidal convulsions, becoming a disease.
Generally, children's illnesses are characterized by Pure Yang and excess Heat, with little Cold. Thus, citing the Shaoyin and Jueyin syndromes from the *Suwen* to explain children's diseases, as Fright-Wind (Jingfeng) in children is mostly Heat-related. Children's Fright-Wind is caused by the sudden hyperactivity of Heart Fire suppressing Lung Metal (Jin); since Lung Metal cannot control Liver Wood (Mu), Wind and Fire struggle against each other, leading to dizziness, Fright, palpitations, and tidal fever. These syndromes are all described as Wind generated from extreme Heat. The Fright and palpitations mentioned in the *Suwen* belong to Shaoyin Junhuo (Ministerial Fire).
Children suffering from Pi Gan (Spleen Wasting) diarrhea do so because of excessive Heat. Acute Fright-Wind causes diarrhea with predominantly green stool, clearly indicating a Heat syndrome. Why is the stool yellow? Because Fire is excessive, Water declines, and Spleen Earth prospers, resulting in yellow stool. Reddish stool indicates Heart Fire and deep-seated Heat. Black stool indicates that Fire/Heat has reached an extreme, causing a counteracting Water transformation to suppress it, hence the black color. All five Zang organs are said to have Heat syndromes, with no Cold syndromes. Some say that diarrhea with clear/white urine and no dysuria indicates a Cold syndrome. Undigested food with unchanged color, foul-smelling vomit and diarrhea, clear and cold excrement, white color, no dysuria, cool body, no thirst, and slow, fine, weak pulse indicate a Cold syndrome. Although food is undigested, if the color is not white, accompanied by irritability, thirst, red/yellow urine, and dysuria, it is a Heat syndrome. It is mistakenly believed in popular tradition that adult and pediatric vomiting/diarrhea cholera, where milk is undigested and stool is still white, indicates a Cold syndrome. This is incorrect. (Previously, pulse diagnosis was not used to distinguish them.) Zhang Zhongjing stated that pathogenic heat prevents food digestion; how could this be a Cold syndrome! Adults are the same.
Longnaodihuang Gao (Dragon Brain Rehmannia Paste): Treats acute and chronic Fright-Wind in children, phlegm-saliva surging to the chest and heart, Tiandiao wind (convulsive disorder), Fright and palpitations, Houfeng (throat wind), chest and diaphragm discomfort in children, and all toxic Heat conditions. It is highly effective. If the illness persists, administer Fenji San (Branch Separating Powder) one or two doses to induce rapid vomiting and purgation. It can be taken regularly.
Chuan Dahuang (Rhizoma et Radix Rhei), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, horizontal striations preferred, processed separately), Shexiang (Moschus, 1 qian, ground separately), Xionghuang (Realgar, water-deposited, 1 fen, ground separately), Sheng Naozi (Borneolum Syntheticum, 1 qian, ground separately).
Process the five ingredients separately, then grind them together in a mortar until fine. Form into a paste using refined honey, wrap in oil paper, and roll into pills the size of soap beans. Dissolve and take with warm water. For the aforementioned diseases, take with Bohe Tang (Mint Decoction). For sleep-induced Fright in children or adults, or mental restlessness, take one pill with Jin Yin Tang (Silver and Gold Decoction). For regular use, take with fresh well-water to resolve summer-heat toxicity. If pregnant women take it regularly, newborns will be free from disease. For adults with Yang-Du Shanghan (Yang-Toxic Cold Damage), add Qingfen (Calomel) two boxes and a little Longnao (Borneol), dissolve in water, and take one pill, size of an apricot kernel. Adjust dosage for children according to age; immediate effect is expected.
Fenji San (Branch Separating Powder): Treats sudden Wind stroke in children, facial paralysis (mouth and eye deviation) in adults, Wind-phlegm enveloping the Heart, epilepsy, Tiandiao, Zouma Houbi (rapidly progressing throat obstruction), acute Fright-Wind, and all Wind-Heat diseases.
Badou (Fructus Crotonis Tiglii, half liang, oil not removed), Chuan Dahuang (Rhizoma et Radix Rhei, 1 liang), Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas, half liang).
Grind Dahuang into powder first, then add Badou and Puxiao, grinding together finely. Wrap in oil paper. For the aforementioned ailments, take half qian per dose, with hot tea. Expels stubborn phlegm-saliva via vomiting and purgation, leading to immediate recovery. For children with chest/throat Tiandiao, first take one dose of Longnaodihuang Gao, then take this medicine (one zi dose) with tea. Vomiting and diarrhea will occur. Mild diarrhea is acceptable; effectiveness is judged by the smooth expulsion of phlegm and stool. Adults take half qian; children take one zi. Adjust based on deficiency/excess. One or two doses are sufficient for effect; do not take regularly. If vomiting and diarrhea are uncontrollable, stop immediately with Congbai Tang (Scallion White Decoction).
Zhenzhu Wan (Pearl Pill): Treats childhood disorders caused by internal heat accumulation amidst deficiency, such as Fright and epilepsy.
Badoushuang (Croton Seed Frost), Nifen (Calomel, 2 qian each), Huashi (Talcum, 3 qian), Tiannanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis, 1.5 qian), Xeshao (Scorpio Tail, 24 pieces), Xuisui Zi (Euphorbia Lathyris Seed, 24 pieces), Fanshuang (White Arsenic Frost, 1.5 qian).
Grind all into fine powder. Use glutinous rice porridge to form pills the size of millet seeds. For children under two years, take 1-3 pills per dose; for fifteen-year-olds, take 5-10 pills per dose. Take with tea water or Jingjie Tang (Schizonepeta Decoction). Adjust based on deficiency/excess.
Zhuhuang San (Cinnabar-Yellow Powder): Treats upper jiao congestion-heat in children and various eye diseases.
Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi), Yujin (Radix Curcumae, 1 liang each), Mayaxiao (Saltpeter, 4 liang), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, half liang, all raw).
Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, mixed with fresh well-water. Lie down with head elevated for a while. For children, ten-year-olds take half qian; those under five take one zi. Prevents Fright, Gan, epilepsy, and Wind disorders. Immediate effect upon ingestion. For eye diseases lasting 3-5 years, taking 3-5 liang will cure it.
Zhusha Wan (Cinnabar Pill): Treats acute and chronic Fright-Wind in children, phlegm generated by Wind-Heat, throat discomfort, and accumulations due to Fright.
Zhusha (Cinnabar), Tiannanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis), Badoushuang (Croton Seed Frost, 1 qian each).
Grind into powder. Mix with wheat paste to form pills the size of mustard seeds. Take 2 pills per dose according to the severity and age. For Tiandiao with upward eye deviation, take 4-5 pills with Bohe Shui (Mint Water); immediate recovery.
Yujin San (Curcuma Powder): Treats acute and chronic Fright-Wind in children.
Yujin (Radix Curcumae, one large piece), Badou (Fructus Crotonis Tiglii, seven pieces, peeled, oil not removed).
Grind into fine powder. Take one zi per dose. Take with warm Zhu Ye Tang (Bamboo Leaf Decoction). Place the medicine on the lips, then wash it down the throat with the decoction.
Zexie San (Alisma Powder): Treats children's [illness], upper diaphragm congestion-heat, and surging phlegm-saliva.
Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis, 1 fen), Chanqiao (Periostracum Cicadae, 21 whole pieces), Huangmingjiao (Colla Corii Asini, palm-sized piece, roasted until charred).
Grind into fine powder. Take one large qian per dose, mixed with Wen Zhong Tang (Warm Middle Decoction). Take twice daily. Repeat if not cured.
Zhenting San (Court-Suppressing Powder): Treats all types of Fright-wheezing, abdominal distension, and cough in children.
Yujin (Radix Curcumae), Dahuang (Rhizoma et Radix Rhei, half liang each), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, 3 qian), Qingfen (Calomel, 1 qian).
Grind into powder. Take half qian per dose. Mix with Bohe Zhi (Mint Juice), Zhusha (Cinnabar, finely ground), and cold water. Administer drop by drop with a wooden spoon.
Dingming San (Life-Stabilizing Powder): Treats Tiandiao Fright-Wind in children who cannot cry.
Lilu (Veratri Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Chuanxiong), Yujin (Radix Curcumae, equal parts).
Grind into fine powder. Snuff into the nose. If the child cries, it is curable.
Jinfei San (Metal-Lung Powder): Treats various wheezing, coughing, and acute Fright-Wind in children. Highly effective!
Xihui (Tin Ash, 1 qian), Hanfangji (Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae, 2 qian), Yujin (Radix Curcumae, 1.5 qian), Pi Huang (Yellow Orpiment, 2 qian), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae, 1.5 qian, washed seven times in water).
Grind into fine powder. Take half qian per dose, up to 1 qian. Adjust for children. Take with pork broth, twice daily after meals.
Nongpo San (Magnolia Bark Powder): Treats persistent loose stools due to deficiency-cold in children.
Houpo (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), Hezipi (Pericarpium Arecae Semen, half liang each), Shijunzi (Fructus Quisqualis, one piece), Dingxiang (Flos Caryophylli, ten selected pieces), Fuling (Poria), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Qingpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae Viride, 2 qian each), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, one cun, stir-fried).
Grind into powder. Take one zi per dose, adjusted for one year of age. Take with clear rice soup.
Renshen San (Ginseng Powder): Treats deficiency-heat and irritability/thirst in children, especially when persistent due to vomiting and diarrhea. Also taken after purgation.
Renshen (Radix Ginseng, half liang), Fuling (Poria, 2.5 liang), Niuxi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, 2.5 qian), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, half liang), Gange (Radix Puerariae Lobatae, half liang), Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis, 2.5 qian).
Grind into powder. Take 2 qian per dose with one large cup of water. Add five stems of Dengxin Cao (Acorus Calamus Stem). Decoct until reduced to 60%. Warm before taking. Anytime is suitable. For irritability and heat, take with Xin Zhuzhu Tang (New Bamboo Shoot Decoction). Adjust dosage by age.
Bi Yun San (Green Cloud Powder): Treats Fright-Wind with phlegm in children.
Danfan (Vitriolum, half liang, ground), Tongqing (Chrysocolla, 1 fen, ground), Fanshuang (White Arsenic Frost), Qingfen (Calomel, 1 qian each).
Grind into fine powder. Take one zi per dose with Bohe Tang (Mint Decoction). For Wind-stroke, take with water. If vomiting is frequent and uncontrolled, administer Congbai Tang (Scallion White Decoction) to stop it immediately. Effective.
Taofu Wan (Peach Charm Pill): Treats Wind-Heat in children.
Dahuang (Rhizoma et Radix Rhei), Yuliren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae), Huangbai (Cortex Phellodendri), Xuanlian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Yujin (Radix Curcumae, 1 fen each), Badou (Fructus Crotonis Tiglii, 27 pieces, peeled, oil removed to make frost), Qingfen (Calomel, 2 qian).
Grind into powder. Form pills with drops of water, size of mung beans. Coat with Zhusha (Cinnabar). Take 2 pills per dose with Taofu Decoction. Adjust for adults and children.