燥干者，今肺之本燥，金受热化，以成燥涩也。兼火热，致金衰耗液而损血。郁而成燥
者，由风能胜湿，热能耗液。故经云风热火同，阳也，寒湿燥同，阴也。又燥湿，小异也。
金燥虽属秋阴，而其性异于寒湿，而反同于风热火也。又加大便干涩，乃大肠受热，化成
燥涩，经云诸涩枯涸。又如瘫痪中风，皆因火热耗损血液。玄府闭塞，不能浸润，金受火郁，
不能发声，经云肺主声。肢痛软戾者，风热湿相致，而遂以遍枯，语音涩，手足不遂也。
然中寒吐泻，亡液而成燥，亦以鲜矣。亦有寒湿相郁，营卫不能开发贯注，多成偏枯。
经曰诸涩枯涸，干劲皴揭，皆属于燥也。
又如胃膈瘅热烦满，饥不欲食。或瘅成消中，善食而瘦。或燥热郁甚，而成消渴，多
饮而数小便。（或因热病，或恣酒欲，误服热药，以致脾胃真阴阳损虚，肝心衰弱也。）
狂阳心火，燥其三焦，肠胃燥涩怫郁，而水液不能宣行也，则周身不得润泽，故瘦悴黄黑也。
而燥热消渴，然虽多饮，亦其水液不能浸润于肠胃之外，渴不能止而便注，为小便多出。
俗未明，妄为下焦虚冷，误人多矣。又如周身热燥怫郁，故变为雀目或内障，痈疽疮疡，
上为咳嗽喘，下为痔利。或停积而湿热内甚，不能传化者，变为水肿湿胀也。世传消渴病
及消瘦弱，或小便有脂液者，为肾消也。此为三消病也。消渴、消中、消肾，
经意但皆热之所致也。
人参白术汤 治胃膈瘅热烦满，饥不欲食，瘅成为消中，善食而瘦，燥热郁甚，而成消
渴，多饮而数小便。兼疗一切阳实阴虚，风热燥郁，头目昏眩，中风偏枯，酒 积毒。一切
肠胃燥涩，倦闷壅塞，疮疥痿痹。并伤寒杂病产后烦渴，气液不得宣通。
人参 白术 当归 芍药 大黄 山栀子 荆芥穗 薄荷 桔梗 知母 泽泻（各半两）
茯苓（去皮） 连翘 栝蒌根 干葛（各一两） 甘草（三两） 藿香叶 青木香 官桂（各一两）
石膏（四两） 寒水石（二两） 滑石（半斤）
上为细末，每服抄五钱，水一茶盏，入盆硝半两、生姜三片，煎至半盏，绞汁，入蜜
少许，温服。渐加至十余钱，得脏腑流利，取效。如常服，以意加减。兼服消痞丸散，以散
肠胃结滞。湿热内甚，自利者，去了大黄、芒硝。
绛雪散 治消渴，饮水无度，小便数者。大有神效。
黄芩 黄丹 汉防己 栝蒌实（各等分）
上为细末，每服二钱，汤浆水调下，临卧时并进三二服，即止。
人参散 治肾消，善饮而食后数小便溺者。
人参（三钱） 白术 泽泻 栝蒌 桔梗 栀子 连翘（各半两） 葛根 黄芩 大黄
薄荷 白茯苓（各一两） 甘草（一两半） 石膏（二两） 滑石 寒水石（各三两）
上为末，入缩砂仁三钱，每服五钱，水一盏，煎至七分，入蜜少许，再煎三二沸，去滓，
食前。食后服消痞丸。
大黄甘草饮子 治男子妇人一切消渴不能止者。
大豆（五升，先煮三沸，出淘苦水，再煮） 大黄（一两半） 甘草（大粗者四两，
长四指，打碎）
上三味，用井水一桶，将前药同煮三五时，如稠强水少，更添，豆软，盛于盆中，故冷，
令病患食豆，渴食汤汁，无时候。食尽，如止渴燥，罢，不止，再煮前药。不三次，病悉愈。
Dryness pathogenic factor injuring the body occurs because the Lung's intrinsic nature is dry; Metal (Lung) subjected to heat transformation results in dryness and astringency. If combined with Fire-Heat, it causes Metal deficiency, consuming Body Fluids and damaging Blood. Dryness formed by stagnation arises because Wind overcomes Dampness, and Heat consumes fluids. Thus, the Classics state: Wind, Fire, and Heat are Yang; Cold, Dampness, and Dryness are Yin. Although Dryness and Dampness differ slightly, the Dryness of Metal, though belonging to Autumn Yin, differs from Cold-Dampness and resembles Wind, Fire, and Heat. Additionally, dry and astringent stools result from Large Intestine receiving Heat, transforming into dryness and astringency; the Classics state "various astringencies, withering, and drying." Similarly, paralysis and stroke occur because Fire-Heat damages Blood. The Xuanfu (pores and microscopic channels for Qi flow) become blocked, unable to moisten and nourish; Metal suffers Fire stagnation, unable to produce sound; the Classics state "the Lung governs voice." Limb pain and weakness/twisting result from Wind, Heat, and Dampness combining, leading to whole-body withering, hoarse speech, and inability to move limbs freely. However, Dryness resulting from fluid loss due to Cold-induced vomiting and diarrhea is rare. Also, Cold-Dampness stagnating prevents Ying and Wei Qi from developing and circulating, often leading to hemiplegia. The Classics say: "All astringencies, withering, dry skin, and scaling belong to Dryness."
Furthermore, Damp-Heat in the Stomach and Diaphragm causes vexation, fullness, hunger without desire to eat. Or Damp-Heat develops into Xiao Zhong (Middle Jiao Diabetes), characterized by excessive eating yet emaciation. Or severe Dryness-Heat stagnation develops into Xiao Ke (Diabetes Mellitus), with polydipsia and polyuria. (This may be due to febrile diseases, indulgence in alcohol/desire, or mistaken use of hot medicines, damaging the True Yin and True Yang of the Spleen and Stomach, weakening Liver and Heart.) Manic Heart-Fire dries the San Jiao (Triple Burner), causing intestinal dryness, astringency, and stagnation, preventing fluid distribution, leading to whole-body emaciation, sallow complexion, and darkening. In Dryness-Heat Xiao Ke, although water intake is high, fluids cannot moisten outside the intestines/stomach; thirst remains unquenched, and water flows directly through, causing frequent urination. Laypeople misunderstand this, wrongly diagnosing Lower Jiao Deficient-Cold, misleading many. Also, whole-body Heat-Dryness stagnation can transform into night blindness (Que Mu) or internal cataracts, carbuncles, sores, ulcers, upper manifestations of cough/asthma, lower manifestations of hemorrhoids/dysentery. Or stagnation leads to severe internal Damp-Heat, failing to transmit and transform, becoming edema and damp-fullness. The transmitted Xiao Ke disease involves emaciation and weakness, or lipid in urine, called Kidney Xiao. These are the Three Xiao diseases. Xiao Ke, Xiao Zhong, and Xiao Ren, according to the Classics' intent, are all caused by Heat.
Renshen Baizhu Tang (Ginseng and Atractylodes Decoction): Treats Damp-Heat in Stomach/Diaphragm causing vexation/fullness, hunger without appetite, development of Xiao Zhong (excessive eating/emaciation), severe Dryness-Heat stagnation leading to Xiao Ke (polydipsia/polyuria). Also treats all cases of Excess-Yang and Deficient-Yin, Wind-Heat-Dryness stagnation, vertigo/dizziness, stroke/hemiplegia, wine accumulation/toxicity. All intestinal dryness/astringency, fatigue/chest oppression/stagnation, sores/eczema/atrophy/numbness. As well as vexation/thirst after Shanghan (Cold Damage) or miscellaneous diseases/postpartum, where Qi and fluids fail to circulate.
Herbs: Renshen (Ren Shen, Ginseng Radix), Baizhu (Bai Zhu, Atractylodis Rhizoma), Danggui (Dang Gui, Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shaoyao (Shao Yao, Paeoniae Radix), Dahuang (Da Huang, Rheum Palmati Radix et Rhizoma), Shanzhizi (Shan Zhi Zi, Gardeniae Fructus), Jingjiesui (Jing Jie Sui, Schizonepetae Spica), Bohe (Bo He, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Jiegeng (Jie Geng, Platycodonis Radix), Zhimu (Zhi Mu, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Zexie (Ze Xie, Alismatis Rhizoma) (each 0.5 liang); Fuling (Fu Ling, Poria), Lianqiao (Lian Qiao, Forsythiae Fructus), Gualougen (Gua Lou Gen, Trichosanthis Radix), Gange (Ge Gen, Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (each 1 liang); Gancao (Gan Cao, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (3 liang); Huoxiangye (Huo Xiang Ye, Pogostemonis Herba), Qingmuxiang (Qing Mu Xiang, Aucklandiae Radix), Guangui (Guan Gui, Cinnamomi Ramulus) (each 1 liang); Shigao (Shi Gao, Gypsum Fibrosum) (4 liang); Hanshuishi (Han Shui Shi, Natrii Sulfas) (2 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind all herbs into fine powder. Take 5 qian per dose, with one tea cup of water, add Panxiao (Panshao, Sal Petrosae) 0.5 liang and 3 slices of Shengjiang (Sheng Jiang, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens). Decoct until half a cup remains, strain juice, add a little honey, take warm. Gradually increase to over 10 qian until viscera/intestines are smooth and effective. For regular use, adjust according to condition. Also take Xiaopi Wan/San (Xiao Pi Pill/Powder) to dissipate intestinal stagnation. If Damp-Heat is severe with spontaneous diarrhea, remove Dahuang and Mangxiao (Mang Xiao, Natrii Sulfas).
Jiangxue San (Crimson Snow Powder): Treats Xiao Ke with unlimited drinking and frequent urination. Highly effective.
Herbs: Huangqin (Huang Qin, Scutellariae Radix), Huangdan (Huang Dan, Minii Oxidum), Hanfangji (Han Fang Ji, Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma), Gualoushi (Gua Lou Shi, Trichosanthis Fructus) (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Take 2 qian per dose, mixed with rice water. Take 2-3 doses at bedtime, symptoms will stop.
Renshen San (Ginseng Powder): Treats Kidney Xiao, characterized by excessive drinking and frequent urination after meals.
Herbs: Renshen (Ren Shen, Ginseng Radix) (3 qian); Baizhu (Bai Zhu, Atractylodis Rhizoma), Zexie (Ze Xie, Alismatis Rhizoma), Gualou (Gua Lou, Trichosanthis Fructus), Jiegeng (Jie Geng, Platycodonis Radix), Zhizi (Zhi Zi, Gardeniae Fructus), Lianqiao (Lian Qiao, Forsythiae Fructus) (each 0.5 liang); Gegen (Ge Gen, Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Huangqin (Huang Qin, Scutellariae Radix), Dahuang (Da Huang, Rheum Palmati Radix et Rhizoma), Bohe (Bo He, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Bai Fuling (Bai Fu Ling, Poria) (each 1 liang); Gancao (Gan Cao, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1.5 liang); Shigao (Shi Gao, Gypsum Fibrosum) (2 liang); Huashi (Hua Shi, Talcum), Hanshuishi (Han Shui Shi, Natrii Sulfas) (each 3 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder, add Suasharen (Suo Sha Ren, Amomi Fructus Rotundus) 3 qian. Take 5 qian per dose, with one cup of water, decoct to 70%, add a little honey, boil 2-3 times, strain, take before meals. Take Xiaopi Wan (Xiao Pi Pill) after meals.
Dahuang Gancao Yinzi (Rhubarb and Licorice Drink): Treats men and women with uncontrollable Xiao Ke.
Herbs: Dadou (Da Dou, Sojae Semen Preparatum) (5 sheng, boil 3 times first, discard bitter water, boil again); Dahuang (Da Huang, Rheum Palmati Radix et Rhizoma) (1.5 liang); Gancao (Gan Cao, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (large thick ones, 4 liang, length 4 fingers, crushed).
Preparation and Administration: Use one bucket of well water to decoct these three ingredients together for 3-5 hours. If water becomes too thick/low, add more. When beans are soft, transfer to basin, let cool. Let patient eat beans, drink soup when thirsty, no fixed time. After finishing, if thirst/dryness stops, cease treatment; if not, decoct previous medicine again. Within three times, the disease will be cured.