此承上编阴阳应象、阴阳离合,而复论阴阳之别也。阴中有阳,阳中有阴,阴阳之常也。无胃脘之阳,见
真藏之阴,则为别阴;无柔和之阴,见结搏之阳,则为别阳。别阴别阳,非阴阳之常,乃阴
阳之别。常则和,别则病;常则顺,别则死。所以别阳别阴,阳结阴结,阳搏阴搏,皆言病而言死也。
黄帝问曰∶人有四经十二从,何谓?
四经十二从者,人身有四时之大经,十二脉之相从也。经,常也;从,顺也。帝问四经十二从,以明阴
阳有经常,从顺之道也。
岐伯对曰∶四经应四时,十二从应十二月,十二月应十二脉。
四经,应春夏秋冬之四时;十二从,应一岁之十二月;十二月,复应人身之十二脉。脉,经脉也。经
脉歌云∶肺寅大卯胃辰宫,脾已心午小未中,申胱酉肾心包戌,亥三子胆丑肝通。
脉有阴阳,知阳者知阴,知阴者知阳。
经脉脏腑相合,雌雄相应,故脉有阴阳。知阳者可以知阴,知
阴者,可以知阳,此阴阳之相通也。
凡阳有五,五五二十五阳。所谓阴者,真藏也,见则为败,败
必死也。所谓阳者,胃脘之阳也。别于阳者,知病处也;别于阴者,知死生之期。
阴阳互见,彼此相资。若以阳脉论之,凡阳有五,肝心脾肺肾,皆有和平之阳脉也。五五二十五
阳者,肝脉应春,心脉应夏,脾脉应长夏,肺脉应秋,肾脉应冬。春时而肝心脾肺肾之脉,皆有微弦之
胃脉;夏时而肝心脾肺肾之脉,皆有微钩之胃脉;长夏而肝心脾肺肾之脉,皆有微缓之胃脉;秋时而肝心
脾肺肾之脉,皆有微毛之胃脉;冬时而肝心脾肺肾之脉,皆有微石之胃脉,是五五二十五阳。
盖五脏三阴之脉,皆有阳和之胃脉。若无阳和之胃脉,则所谓阴者,乃三阴之真藏也,见则为败,
败必死也。又申明所谓阳者,乃中焦胃脘之阳,而五脏籍以资生者也。若无胃脘之阳,而别于阳者,知
病所发之处也;见真藏之阴,别于阴者,则知死生之期。
三阳在头,三阴在手,所谓一也。别于阳者,知病忌时;别于阴者,知死生之期。
三阳在头,谓手太阳之脉,终于目内 ;足太阳之脉,起于目内 ,上额交巅;手阳明之脉,
终于两鼻孔;足阳明之脉,起于鼻 中,循发际,至额颅;手少阳之脉,终于目锐 ,足少阳之脉,
起于目锐 ,上抵头角也。三阴在手,谓足厥阴之脉,注肺而终,交手太阴,出于手大指次指之内廉;
足太阴之脉,注心中而终,交手少阴,循手小指之内而出;足少阴之脉,络心,注胸中而终,交
手厥阴,循手小指次指而出也。夫三阳在头,三阴在手,一气营运,皆有胃脘之阳,故曰所谓一也。若无胃
脘之阳,而别于阳者,不但知病处也,且知病死忌之时。无胃脘之阳,见真藏之阴,而别于阴者,知死生之期。
谨熟阴阳,无与众谋。所谓阴阳者,去者为阴,至者为阳,静者为阴,动者为阳,迟者为阴,数
者为阳。凡持真脉之脏脉者,肝至悬绝急,十八日死;心至悬绝,九日死;肺至悬绝,十二日死;
肾至悬绝,七日死;脾至悬绝,四日死。
数,音朔。知病知忌,知死知生,众人不知,医独知之。故当谨熟阴阳,无与众谋。夫不与众谋,乃
诊脉而得其微。故所谓阴阳者,即脉之去者为阴,脉之至者为阳,脉之静者为阴,脉之动者为
阳,脉之迟者为阴,脉之数者为阳,此平人脉法也。凡持真脉之藏脉,而知死生之期者,如肝至悬绝急,
十八日死。悬绝,真藏弧悬,与胃脘之阳相绝也。急,劲急也。十八日者,木之生数三,三而三
之,则为九,再九而十八也。心至悬绝,九日死者,火之生数二,成数七,九日火之生成数也。肺至悬绝,
十二日死者,金之生数四,三四而为十二也。肾至悬绝,七日死者,水之生数一成数六,七日
水之生成数也。脾至悬绝,四日死者,土位中央,灌溉四旁,上火下水,左木右金,土气不能四应,故
四日死。此诊真藏之脉,而知死生之期者如此。
曰∶二阳之病发心脾,有不得隐曲,女子不月,其传为风消,其传为息贲者,死不治。
皆为岐伯之言,史臣复加三日者,承上文别阳知病之离,而复言二阳、三阳、一阳之病也。二阳,
阳明胃土也。土借火生,胃由脾运,今病心脾,是火不能生土,脾不能运胃也。二阳为水谷之
海,精血之所资生。有不得隐曲者,男子精虚,不得为房帏之隐曲也。女子不月者,女子血虚,月事不
以时下也。其传为风消,血虚风胜,而肌肉消枯也。其传为息贲,精虚气逆,而喘息奔迫也。有
一于此,皆死不治。所以申明二阳病处,且知忌时也。
曰∶三阳为病,发寒热,下为痈肿,及为痿厥, ;其传为索泽,其传为颓疝。
,音善。 ,音渊。余篇皆同。三阳者,太阳膀胱寒水也。太阳本寒标热,故发寒热。太阳经脉,
从头下项,挟脊贯臀,下抵 足,故下为痈肿。下臀,下髀 也。痈肿,经脉血气,逆于肉理也。及为痿
厥,腿足痿痹而厥逆。筋虚则痿,气虚则厥也。 ,小腿酸疼也。其传为索泽,膀胱水泽枯索也。其
传为颓疝,阴器睾丸,连膀胱而肿胀也。所以申明三阳病处也。
曰∶一阳发病,少气,善咳,善泄;其传为心掣,其传为膈。
膈,隔同。下仿此。一阳者,少阳初生,胆木也。病则初阳不升,故下气。真气少,则客气上逆,
故善咳。阳气虚则土寒,故善泄。其传为心掣,木不生火,心气虚寒,而掣痛也。其传为膈,火
虚土寒,胸膈不利也。所以申明一阳病处也。
二阳一阴发病,主惊骇,背痛,善噫,善欠,名曰风厥。
夫病在阳而发于阴,病在阴而合于阳,故又举二阳一阴,二阴一阳,三阳三阴之发病也。二阳,阳明
也。一阴,厥阴也。阳明厥阴主阖,如二阳一阴发病,则二阳不能为阳之阖,一阴不能为阴之
阖,不能阖而乍阖,则主惊骇。背为阳,主开,不能转开为阖,故背痛。阴气上冲而复下,则善噫。噫,嗳
也。阳气下行而复上,则善欠。欠,呵欠也。此一阴发病,为肝虚风胜,二阳发病,土受木
克,故曰风厥,语风气盛,而中土厥逆也。
二阴一阳发病,善胀,心满,善气。
二阴,少阴也。一阳,少阳也。少阴少阳主枢。二阴一阳发病,则二阴不能枢转于内,一阳不能枢
转于外,故善胀。申明善胀者,非肿胀之谓,乃心满善气。盖阴枢不转,则心满;阳枢不转则善气也。
三阳三阴发病,为偏枯痿易,四肢不举。
三阳,太阳也。三阴,太阴也。太阳太阴主开。三阳三阴发病,则三阳不能开于阳,三阴不能开于阴,
故为偏枯痿易。偏枯,半身不遂,痿易,痿痹易常,是太阳不能为开也。四肢,太阴脾土
之所主,不举,太阳不能为开也。所以申明别于阳,而知病处者如此。
鼓一阳曰弦,鼓一阴曰毛,鼓阳胜急曰钩,鼓阳至而绝曰石,阴阳相过曰淄。
旧本,弦讹钩,钩讹弦,今改正。脉体内应五脏,外合四时,皆有胃气。故鼓一阳曰弦,鼓动一
阳初升之气,则脉微弦,内应肝
脏,外合春生之木气也。鼓一阴曰毛,鼓动一阴初升之气,则脉微毛,内应肺脏,外合秋收之金气也。鼓
阳胜急曰钩,鼓动阳气,既胜既急,则脉微钩,内应心脏,外合夏长之火气也。鼓阳至而绝曰
石,鼓动阳气,至而复绝,脉沉如石,内应肾脏,外合冬藏之水气也。春夏为阳,秋冬为阴,阴阳相过,
其脉则滑曰淄。内应脾脏,外合四时之土气也。
阴争于内,阳扰于外,魄汗未藏,四逆而起,起则熏肺,使人喘鸣。
藏,如字。阴阳内外彼此相济,如阴中无阳,则阴争于内;阳中无阴,则阳扰于外。阳扰于外,则
皮毛之魄汗未藏,魄汗未藏,外而不内也。阴胜于内,则四逆而起,起则熏肺,使人喘鸣,逆起
熏肺,喘鸣,内而不外也。
阴之所生,和本曰和。是故刚与刚,阳气破散,阴气乃消亡。淖则刚柔不和,经气乃绝。
淖,音闹。独阳不生,独阴不长。阴之所生,和本曰和,言阴之所以能生万物者,以阴和而复本于
阳和也。由此言之,则阴中有阳,阳中有阴。是故刚与刚,则为独阳,必阳气破散。阳气破散于
外,则阴气乃消亡于内矣。此刚与刚,则为独阳,而阴阳不和也。若柔与柔,则为独阴。淖者,柔与柔
相合也。故淖则刚柔不和。经气借阳和以营运,今惟阴无阳,则经气乃绝,此柔与柔则为独阴,而阴阳不和也。
死阴之属,不过三日而死,生阳之属,不过四日而死。
夫柔与柔则为死阴,刚与刚则为生阳。死阴生阳,皆非正也。故死阴之属,不过三日而死,阳奇之数,
从一而三,三日死,为其无阳也,生阳之属,不过四日而死,阴偶之数,由二而四,四日死,为其无阴也。
所谓生阳死阴者,肝之心,谓之生阳,心之肺,谓之死阴,肺之肾,谓之重阴,肾之脾,
谓之辟阴,死不治。
重,平声。辟,僻同。之,移也。所谓生阳死阴者,肝移热于
心,谓之生阳。肝木生火,脏热相移,故曰生阳,是即刚与刚也。《气厥论》云∶肝移热于心则死。所以
然者,火热自焚,心气厥逆也。心移寒于肺,谓之死阴。肺金如天,心火如日,火日衰微,若天
无日,故曰死阴,是即柔与柔也。《气厥论》云∶心移寒于肺,肺消,饮一溲二,死不治。所以然者,天
日虚寒,水精不布也。不但此也,若肺之肾,谓之重阴,肾为阴寒之脏,肺寒而复移于肾,故
曰重阴。肾之脾谓之僻阴,脾为阴中之至阴,肾寒而复移于脾,是阴寒入于幽僻,故曰僻阴。此生阳死阴,
重阴僻阴,有一于此,皆死不治。此申明别阳知病忌,别阴知死期者如此。
结阳者,肿四肢。
承上文别阳别阴,而复论阳结阴结。结阳者,阳气自结,不和于阴也。四肢为诸阳之本,故结阳者
肿四肢,此阳气为病,而征乎外也。
结阴者,便血一升,再结二升,三结三升。
结阴者,阴气自结,不和于阳也。血乃阴属,故结阴者,便血一升,瘀血去而阳气和。若阳气不和,
仍为阴结之病,而便血一升,是再结二升也。瘀血去而阳气不和,仍为阴结之病,而便血一
升,是三结三升也。此阴血为病,而征乎内也。
阴阳结斜,多阴少阳,曰石水,少腹肿。
斜,作邪。少腹之少,去声。余篇少同。阴阳结邪,阴阳并结而为邪病也。人身阳常有余,阴常不足,
今阴阳并结,致多阴少阳,是阴寒盛,阳气虚,故曰石水。石水,肾水也。少阴主肾,位
居少腹,故少腹肿。此言阴阳结邪,致阴盛阳虚,而病二阴之石水也。
二阳结,谓之消。
二阳,阳明也。阳明之上,燥气主之。结则燥气独盛,故饮水过多,而谓之消。
三阳结,谓之膈。
三阳,太阳也。太阳为诸阳主气,常从胸膈而入于中土,从中
土而出于肤表,结则不能出入,故谓之膈。膈,犹隔也。
三阴结,谓之水。
三阴,太阴也。太阴之上,湿气主之。结则湿气独盛,故谓之水。与少阴之石水不同也。
一阴一阳结,谓之喉痹。
一阴,厥阴也。一阳,少阳也。厥阴之上,风气主之。少阳之上,火气主之。阴阳皆结,风火炽而肺金
伤,故谓之喉痹。喉为天气,肺实主之。痹者,闭也。此言阳结阴结则病,是非阴阳之常,而为阴阳之别也。
阴搏阳别,谓之有子。阴阳虚,肠 死。
搏,音博。余篇同。阳结阴结则病,阳搏阴搏则死。故复论阴阳之搏。阴搏阳别谓之有子,言阴气过盛,
搏击于内,不与阳和,似乎别出,阴盛蓄阳,故在妇人谓之有子。若阴搏阳别而属阴阳正
气之虚,证见肠 而下泄者死。即在妇人,亦非有子。所以申明阴搏有属有子,有属病死也。
阳加于阴,谓之汗。阴虚阳搏,谓之崩。
阳加于阴谓之汗,言阳气有余,内加于阴,阴得阳而外出,故谓之汗。若阳加于阴,阴气内虚,
不与阳和,阳气搏击,阳搏于内,则阴虚阳盛,故谓之崩。崩,血下堕也。所以申明阳搏,有属
阴阳和而汗出,有属阴阳不和而血崩也。
三阴俱搏,二十日夜半死。
夫阴搏则阴盛,阳搏则阳盛。有属无病者,有属有病者,有属病死者。若经脉不和,手足阴阳俱
搏者死,故举三阴三阳而复论之。三阴俱搏者,手足太阴脾肺之气,俱搏击于内也。二十日夜半
死者,土之成数十,金之成数九。夜半者,半夜子初,乃十九日之终,交二十日之子阳,而即死也。
二阴俱搏,十三日夕时死。
二阴俱搏者,手足少阴心肾之气,俱搏击于内也。十三日夕时死者,水之成数六、火之成数七,
终水火之成数而死也。又曰夕时
者,乃十三日之终,至戌亥方死,所以别上文二十日夜半之子阳也。
一阴俱搏,十日死。
一阴俱搏者,手足厥阴肝与心包之气,俱搏击于内也。十日死者,木之成数八,火之生数二也。十
日者,终木之成数,火之生数而死也。此三阴五脏相搏,与之死期者如此。
三阳俱搏,且鼓,三日死。
三阳俱搏者,手足太阳膀胱小肠之气,俱搏击于内也。且鼓者,三阳既搏且鼓动,手足之一阳也。手之
This passage continues from the previous discussions on *Yin-Yang Ying Xiang* (Correspondences of Yin and Yang) and *Yin-Yang Li He* (Separation and Union of Yin and Yang), further elaborating on the distinctions of Yin and Yang. Yin contains Yang, and Yang contains Yin; this is the normal state of Yin and Yang. If there is no Yang Qi of the Stomach (Wei) (referring to the mild Qi generated by the Spleen and Stomach's transformation and transportation functions), but instead the Yin Qi of the Zang-organs without stomach Qi (True Zang Pulse) appears, it is called "Bie Yin" (Distinct Yin). If there is no soft Yin, but instead knotted and pounding Yang Qi appears, it is called "Bie Yang" (Distinct Yang). Bie Yin and Bie Yang are not the normal states of Yin and Yang, but their deviations. Normality brings harmony; deviation brings disease. Normality brings compliance; deviation brings death. Therefore, whether it is Bie Yang, Bie Yin, Yang Jie (Yang Knotting), Yin Jie (Yin Knotting), Yang Bo (Yang Pounding), or Yin Bo (Yin Pounding), all refer to disease and even death.
The Yellow Emperor asked: Humans have Four Jing (Meridians/Constants) and Twelve Cong (Following/Compliance). What does this mean?
The Four Jing and Twelve Cong refer to the great meridians of the human body corresponding to the four seasons, and the twelve meridians following each other. "Jing" means constant or regular; "Cong" means following or compliant. The Emperor's inquiry into the Four Jing and Twelve Cong aims to clarify that Yin and Yang have regular laws and principles of compliance.
Qi Bo replied: The Four Jing correspond to the four seasons; the Twelve Cong correspond to the twelve months; the twelve months correspond to the twelve meridians of the human body.
The Four Jing correspond to the four seasons of Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter; the Twelve Cong correspond to the twelve months of a year; the twelve months further correspond to the twelve meridians of the human body. Here, "Mai" (Pulse/Meridian) refers to the Jing-Mai (Meridians). The Meridian Song says: "Lung at Yin, Large Intestine at Mao, Stomach at Chen, Spleen at Si, Heart at Wu, Small Intestine at Wei, Bladder at Shen, Kidney at You, Pericardium at Xu, San Jiao at Hai, Gallbladder at Zi, Liver at Chou."
Pulses have Yin and Yang. Knowing Yang allows one to know Yin, and knowing Yin allows one to know Yang.
Meridians and Zang-Fu organs are paired, male and female corresponding, hence pulses have Yin and Yang aspects. Knowing Yang enables one to understand Yin, and knowing Yin enables one to understand Yang; this is the mutual connection of Yin and Yang.
Generally, there are five types of Yang pulses, and five times five make twenty-five Yang pulses. What is referred to as "Yin" is the True Zang Pulse (pulse reflecting the essence of a specific organ without stomach Qi); if seen, it indicates collapse, and collapse inevitably leads to death. What is referred to as "Yang" is the Yang Qi of the Stomach (Wei) (Stomach Qi). By distinguishing Yang (Stomach Qi), one knows the location of the disease; by distinguishing Yin (True Zang Pulse), one knows the time of death or survival.
Yin and Yang mutually see each other and support each other. Speaking from the perspective of Yang pulses, there are five types. The Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs, and Kidneys all possess peaceful Yang pulses. The phrase "twenty-five Yang pulses" means: the Liver pulse corresponds to Spring, the Heart pulse to Summer, the Spleen pulse to Late Summer, the Lung pulse to Autumn, and the Kidney pulse to Winter. In Spring, the pulses of the Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs, and Kidneys all contain a slight string-like (Xian) Stomach Qi; in Summer, they all contain a slight hook-like (Gou) Stomach Qi; in Late Summer, they all contain a slight slow/moderate (Huan) Stomach Qi; in Autumn, they all contain a slight hair-like (Mao) Stomach Qi; in Winter, they all contain a slight stone-like (Shi) Stomach Qi. This constitutes the twenty-five Yang pulses.
Essentially, the three Yin meridians of the five Zang organs all possess the Yang-harmonizing Stomach Qi. If there is no Yang-harmonizing Stomach Qi, then what is referred to as "Yin" is the True Zang Pulse of the three Yins; seeing it indicates collapse, and collapse inevitably leads to death. This further clarifies that what is referred to as "Yang" is the Yang Qi of the Middle Jiao Stomach, which nourishes the five Zang organs. If there is no Stomach Yang, distinguishing Yang reveals only the site of disease onset; seeing the Yin of the True Zang organs, distinguishing Yin reveals the time of death or survival.
The Three Yang meridians gather at the head, and the Three Yin meridians gather at the hands; this is referred to as "One." Distinguishing Yang reveals the contraindicated times for disease; distinguishing Yin reveals the time of death or survival.
"The Three Yang at the head" refers to: the Hand-Taiyang (Small Intestine) meridian ends at the inner canthus of the eye; the Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) meridian begins at the inner canthus, ascends to the forehead, and intersects at the vertex; the Hand-Yangming (Large Intestine) meridian ends at both nostrils; the Foot-Yangming (Stomach) meridian begins in the nose, follows the hairline to the frontal skull; the Hand-Shaoyang (San Jiao) meridian ends at the outer canthus of the eye; the Foot-Shaoyang (Gallbladder) meridian begins at the outer canthus, ascends to the head corner. "The Three Yin at the hands" refers to: the Foot-Jueyin (Liver) meridian injects into the Lungs and ends, handing over to the Hand-Taiyin (Lung) meridian, emerging between the medial aspects of the thumb and index finger; the Foot-Taiyin (Spleen) meridian injects into the Heart and ends, handing over to the Hand-Shaoyin (Heart) meridian, emerging along the medial aspect of the little finger; the Foot-Shaoyin (Kidney) meridian connects with the Heart, injects into the chest, and ends, handing over to the Hand-Jueyin (Pericardium) meridian, emerging between the little and index fingers. Since the Three Yang are at the head and the Three Yin are at the hands, driven by one Qi circulation, all possessing Stomach Yang, it is said "this is referred to as One." If there is no Stomach Yang, distinguishing Yang not only reveals the disease site but also the time of death and contraindications. Without Stomach Yang, seeing the Yin of the True Zang organs, distinguishing Yin reveals the time of death or survival.
Carefully master Yin and Yang, do not consult with the masses. What is meant by Yin and Yang: departing is Yin, arriving is Yang; stillness is Yin, movement is Yang; slow is Yin, rapid is Yang. For those holding the pulse of a True Zang organ: if the Liver pulse is suspended, severed, and urgent, death occurs in eighteen days; if the Heart pulse is suspended and severed, death occurs in nine days; if the Lung pulse is suspended and severed, death occurs in twelve days; if the Kidney pulse is suspended and severed, death occurs in seven days; if the Spleen pulse is suspended and severed, death occurs in four days.
"Shuo" (rapid/crowded). Knowing disease, knowing contraindications, knowing death, knowing life—these are unknown to the masses but known only to physicians. Therefore, one must carefully master Yin and Yang and not consult with others. Not consulting with others is because pulse diagnosis captures subtle changes. Thus, what is meant by Yin and Yang here is: the departing pulse is Yin, the arriving pulse is Yang; the still pulse is Yin, the moving pulse is Yang; the slow pulse is Yin, the rapid pulse is Yang. This is the pulse method for healthy individuals. For those holding the pulse of a True Zang organ and knowing the time of death: e.g., if the Liver pulse is suspended, severed, and urgent, death occurs in eighteen days. "Suspended and severed" (Xuan Jue) means the True Zang pulse hangs alone without root, severed from the Stomach Yang. "Urgent" (Ji) means tense and rapid. Eighteen days: Wood's generating number is three; three times three is nine; twice nine is eighteen. Nine days for the Heart: Fire's generating number is two, completing number is seven; nine is the generating/completing number of Fire. Twelve days for the Lungs: Metal's generating number is four; four times three is twelve. Seven days for the Kidneys: Water's generating number is one, completing number is six; seven is the generating/completing number of Water. Four days for the Spleen: Earth resides in the center, irrigating the four directions; above is Fire, below is Water, left is Wood, right is Metal; Earth Qi cannot respond to all four, hence death in four days. This is how diagnosing the True Zang pulse reveals the time of death or survival.
It is said: Disease of the Two Yang (Yangming) originates in the Heart and Spleen. There is difficulty in intimate matters (Bu De Yin Qu); women experience amenorrhea (Bu Yue). If it transmits to become Wind-Wasting (Feng Xiao), or transmits to become Breath-Piling (Xi Ben), these are fatal and untreatable.
These are words of Qi Bo, with the historian adding "It is said" to continue from the previous discussion on distinguishing Yang to know disease separation, now discussing diseases of Two Yang, Three Yang, and One Yang. Two Yang refers to Yangming Stomach Earth. Earth is born from Fire; the Stomach is transported by the Spleen. Now disease is in the Heart and Spleen, meaning Fire cannot generate Earth, and the Spleen cannot transport the Stomach. Two Yang is the Sea of Food and Fluids, the source of Essence and Blood. "Difficulty in intimate matters" refers to men with Essence deficiency being unable to perform sexual acts; "amenorrhea" refers to women with Blood deficiency whose menstruation does not arrive on time. Transmitting to become "Wind-Wasting" means Blood deficiency with Wind excess, leading to muscle wasting and emaciation. Transmitting to become "Breath-Piling" means Essence deficiency with Qi rebellion, leading to panting and rushing breath. Having either of these results in fatality and untreatability. This further clarifies the site of Two Yang disease and the time of contraindication.
It is said: Disease of the Three Yang (Taiyang) manifests as chills and fever, sores and swellings below, and Wei-Jue (flaccidity and cold limbs) and Xiao Tui (calf pain); if it transmits to become Su Ze (withered skin), or transmits to become Tui Shan (scrotal hernia).
"Shan" sounds like "shan"; "Yuan" sounds like "yuan". Same in other chapters. Three Yang refers to Taiyang Bladder Cold Water. Taiyang is fundamentally Cold and superficially Heat, hence chills and fever. The Taiyang meridian descends from the head to the neck, flanks the spine, penetrates the buttocks, and descends to the foot, hence sores and swellings below. "Below buttocks, below thighs" refers to the lower buttocks and thighs. Sores and swellings result from Qi and Blood reversing in the muscle tissue. It also causes Wei-Jue: leg and foot flaccidity/numbness with cold limbs. Sinew deficiency causes Wei (flaccidity); Qi deficiency causes Jue (cold limbs). "Xiao Tui" refers to calf pain. Transmitting to become "Su Ze" means the water/moisture of the Bladder is dried up. Transmitting to become "Tui Shan" means the genitalia and testicles swell connected to the Bladder. This further clarifies the site of Three Yang disease.
It is said: Disease of One Yang (Shaoyang) manifests as shortness of breath, frequent coughing, and frequent diarrhea; if it transmits to become Xin Che (heart pulling pain), or transmits to become Ge (diaphragm obstruction).
"Ge" is the same as "Ge" (obstruction). Following chapters follow this pattern. One Yang refers to Shaoyang initial generation, Gallbladder Wood. Disease causes initial Yang not to ascend, hence lower Qi deficiency. True Qi is scarce, Guest Qi rebels upward, hence frequent coughing. Yang deficiency causes Earth Cold, hence frequent diarrhea. Transmitting to become "Xin Che" means Wood fails to generate Fire, Heart Qi becomes deficient and cold, causing pulling pain. Transmitting to become "Ge" means Fire deficiency and Earth Cold cause chest/diaphragm obstruction. This further clarifies the site of One Yang disease.
Disease of Two Yang and One Yin primarily manifests as fright and terror, back pain, frequent belching, and frequent yawning, named Feng Jue (Wind Jue).
Disease in Yang manifesting in Yin, disease in Yin combining with Yang, thus Two Yang-One Yin, Two Yin-One Yang, and Three Yang-Three Yin diseases are listed. Two Yang is Yangming; One Yin is Jueyin. Yangming and Jueyin govern "Closing" (He). If Two Yang and One Yin disease occur, Two Yang cannot close Yang, and One Yin cannot close Yin. Unable to close properly, opening and closing intermittently, hence fright and terror. The back is Yang, governing "Opening"; inability to turn opening to closing causes back pain. Yin Qi rushes up then down, hence frequent belching. "Yi" is belching. Yang Qi goes down then up, hence frequent yawning. "Qian" is yawning. This One Yin disease is Liver deficiency with Wind excess; Two Yang disease is Earth overcome by Wood, hence named Feng Jue, meaning Wind Qi is excessive and Middle Earth rebels.
Disease of Two Yin and One Yang manifests as frequent distension, fullness in the heart/chest, and frequent sighing.
Two Yin is Shaoyin; One Yang is Shaoyang. Shaoyin and Shaoyang govern the "Pivot" (Shu). If Two Yin and One Yang disease occur, Two Yin cannot pivot internally, and One Yang cannot pivot externally, hence frequent distension. This clarifies that "frequent distension" does not mean physical swelling, but rather fullness in the heart/chest and frequent sighing. Because the Yin pivot does not turn, there is heart fullness; because the Yang pivot does not turn, there is frequent sighing.
Disease of Three Yang and Three Yin manifests as hemiplegia, flaccidity with displacement, and inability to move the four limbs.
Three Yang is Taiyang; Three Yin is Taiyin. Taiyang and Taiyin govern "Opening". If Three Yang and Three Yin disease occur, Three Yang cannot open in Yang, and Three Yin cannot open in Yin, hence hemiplegia and flaccidity with displacement. "Hemiplegia" is paralysis of half the body; "flaccidity with displacement" is flaccidity/numbness deviating from normal, indicating Taiyang failure to open. The four limbs are governed by Taiyin Spleen Earth; "inability to move" is due to Taiyang failure to open. This clarifies how distinguishing Yang reveals the disease site.
Beating One Yang is called Xian (String); beating One Yin is called Mao (Hair); beating Yang excess urgency is called Gou (Hook); beating Yang arrival and severance is called Shi (Stone); Yin and Yang crossing over is called Zi (Slippery/Smooth).
Old editions had errors swapping Xian and Gou, now corrected. Pulse bodies correspond internally to Five Zang and externally to Four Seasons, all possessing Stomach Qi. Beating One Yang (initial rising Qi) makes the pulse slightly Xian (string-like), internally corresponding to the Liver, externally matching Spring Wood Qi. Beating One Yin (initial rising Qi) makes the pulse slightly Mao (hair-like), internally corresponding to the Lungs, externally matching Autumn Metal Qi. Beating Yang excess urgency makes the pulse slightly Gou (hook-like), internally corresponding to the Heart, externally matching Summer Fire Qi. Beating Yang arrival and severance makes the pulse sink like Shi (stone), internally corresponding to the Kidneys, externally matching Winter Water Qi. Spring and Summer are Yang, Autumn and Winter are Yin. When Yin and Yang cross over, the pulse is slippery, called Zi (smooth). Internally corresponding to the Spleen, externally matching the Earth Qi of the four seasons.
Yin contends internally, Yang disturbs externally. Po Sweat (Pore Sweat) is not stored; Si Ni (Four Reversals/Cold Limbs) arises. Arising, it steams the Lungs, causing wheezing and rattling.
"Cang" is read as written. Yin and Yang mutually aid internally and externally. If Yin lacks Yang, Yin contends internally; if Yang lacks Yin, Yang disturbs externally. Yang disturbing externally causes Po Sweat (sweat associated with the Po/Hun spirit) not to be stored; Po Sweat not stored means external leakage without internal retention. Yin excess internally causes Si Ni (cold limbs) to arise; arising, it steams the Lungs, causing wheezing and rattling. Reverse Qi steaming Lungs, wheezing and rattling, means internal attack without external release.
That which generates Yin, harmonizing is called He (Harmony). Therefore, Gang (Hard/Yang) with Gang breaks Yang Qi, and Yin Qi perishes. Nao (Soft/Yin) with Nao creates Gang-Nuo disharmony, and Jing Qi (Meridian Qi) severs.
"Nao" sounds like "nao". Solitary Yang does not generate; solitary Yin does not grow. That which generates Yin, harmonizing is called He, meaning Yin generates myriad things because Yin harmonizes and returns to Yang-Harmony. Thus, Yin contains Yang, Yang contains Yin. Therefore, Gang with Gang is Solitary Yang, inevitably breaking Yang Qi. Yang Qi broken externally, Yin Qi perishes internally. This Gang-with-Gang is Solitary Yang, leading to Yin-Yang disharmony. If Ruo (Soft/Yin) with Ruo is Solitary Yin. "Nao" means Ruo with Ruo combining. Thus Nao creates Gang-Nuo disharmony. Jing Qi relies on Yang-Harmony for circulation; now only Yin without Yang, Jing Qi severs. This Ruo-with-Ruo is Solitary Yin, leading to Yin-Yang disharmony.
Those belonging to Si Yin (Dead Yin) die within three days; those belonging to Sheng Yang (Living Yang) die within four days.
Ruo-with-Ruo is Dead Yin; Gang-with-Gang is Living Yang. Dead Yin and Living Yang are not upright Qi. Thus, Dead Yin types die within three days; Yang is odd, from one to three, dying in three days because it lacks Yang. Living Yang types die within four days; Yin is even, from two to four, dying in four days because it lacks Yin.
What is called Sheng Yang and Si Yin: Liver to Heart is Sheng Yang; Heart to Lung is Si Yin; Lung to Kidney is Zhong Yin (Double Yin); Kidney to Spleen is Pi Yin (Perverse Yin); all are fatal and untreatable.
"Zhong" is read level tone. "Pi" is same as "Pi" (perverse/remote). "Zhi" means transfer. Sheng Yang and Si Yin: Liver transferring heat to Heart is Sheng Yang. Liver Wood generates Fire, Zang heat transfers, hence Sheng Yang, which is Gang-with-Gang. *Qi Jue Lun* says: Liver transferring heat to Heart leads to death. Why? Fire and Heat self-burn, Heart Qi rebels. Heart transferring cold to Lung is Si Yin. Lung Metal is like Heaven, Heart Fire is like the Sun; Fire/Sun weakens, like Heaven without Sun, hence Si Yin, which is Ruo-with-Ruo. *Qi Jue Lun* says: Heart transferring cold to Lung causes Lung Xiao (Consumption), drinking one part urinating two parts, fatal and untreatable. Why? Heaven/Sun void and cold, Water Essence not distributed. Furthermore, Lung transferring cold to Kidney is Zhong Yin. Kidney is Yin-Cold organ; Lung cold transfers to Kidney, hence Zhong Yin. Kidney transferring cold to Spleen is Pi Yin. Spleen is Ultimate Yin within Yin; Kidney cold transfers to Spleen, Yin-Cold enters deep obscurity, hence Pi Yin. These Sheng Yang, Si Yin, Zhong Yin, Pi Yin—if any one exists, all are fatal and untreatable. This clarifies distinguishing Yang to know disease contraindications, distinguishing Yin to know death time.
Yang Jie (Yang Knotting) causes swelling of the four limbs.
Continuing from distinguishing Yin and Yang, discussing Yang Jie and Yin Jie. Yang Jie is Yang Qi knotting itself, not harmonizing with Yin. The four limbs are the root of all Yang, hence Yang Jie causes limb swelling. This is Yang Qi pathology manifesting externally.
Yin Jie causes blood in stool: one sheng initially, second knotting two sheng, third knotting three sheng.
Yin Jie is Yin Qi knotting itself, not harmonizing with Yang. Blood belongs to Yin, hence Yin Jie causes bloody stool. First bloody stool one sheng; after stasis clears, Yang Qi harmonizes. If Yang Qi does not harmonize, remaining as Yin Jie disease, and bloody stool one sheng again, this is the second knotting, total two sheng. After stasis clears, Yang Qi still does not harmonize, remaining as Yin Jie disease, and bloody stool one sheng again, this is the third knotting, total three sheng. This is Yin-Blood pathology manifesting internally.
Yin-Yang Jie Xie (Knotting Evil), more Yin less Yang, is called Shi Shui (Stone Water), with swelling of the lower abdomen.
"Xie" acts as "Xie" (Evil). "Shao Fu" (Lower Abdomen): "Shao" is read departing tone. Same for "Shao" in other chapters. Yin-Yang Jie Xie means Yin and Yang knot together becoming evil disease. The body usually has excess Yang and deficient Yin. Now Yin-Yang knot together, causing more Yin less Yang, meaning Yin-Cold excess and Yang Qi deficiency, hence called Shi Shui (Stone Water). Shi Shui is Kidney Water. Shaoyin governs Kidney, located in the lower abdomen, hence lower abdominal swelling. This discusses Yin-Yang knotting evil causing Yin excess Yang deficiency, resulting in Er Yin's Shi Shui disease.
Er Yang Jie (Two Yang Knotting) is called Xiao (Consumption/Wasting-Thirst).
Er Yang is Yangming. Above Yangming, Dryness Qi governs. Knotting causes Dryness Qi to prevail excessively, hence excessive drinking, called Xiao.
San Yang Jie (Three Yang Knotting) is called Ge (Diaphragm Obstruction).
San Yang is Taiyang. Taiyang is the master Qi of all Yang, often entering Middle Earth from the chest/diaphragm, exiting to the skin surface from Middle Earth. Knotting prevents entry and exit, hence called Ge. Ge means obstruction.
San Yin Jie (Three Yin Knotting) is called Shui (Water/Edeema).
San Yin is Taiyin. Above Taiyin, Dampness Qi governs. Knotting causes Dampness Qi to prevail excessively, hence called Shui. This differs from Shaoyin's Shi Shui.
Yin Yang Jie (One Yin-One Yang Knotting) is called Hou Bi (Throat Bi/Obstruction).
Yin is Jueyin; Yang is Shaoyang. Above Jueyin, Wind Qi governs; above Shaoyang, Fire Qi governs. Both Yin and Yang knot, Wind and Fire blaze, injuring Lung Metal, hence called Hou Bi. The throat is Heaven Qi, governed by the Lungs. Bi means obstruction. This discusses Yang Jie and Yin Jie causing disease, which is not the normal state of Yin-Yang, but their deviation.
Yin Bo (Pounding) with Yang Bie (Distinction) is called You Zi (Having a Child/Pregnancy). Yin-Yang deficiency, Chang [missing character] death.
"Bo" sounds like "bo". Same in other chapters. Yang Jie Yin Jie is disease; Yang Bo Yin Bo is death. Hence discussing Yin-Yang Bo. Yin Bo with Yang Bie is called Pregnancy, meaning Yin Qi is excessive, pounding internally, not harmonizing with Yang, seeming distinct/separate. Yin excess stores Yang, hence in women called Pregnancy. If Yin Bo Yang Bie belongs to deficiency of righteous Yin-Yang, presenting with Chang [likely 'li' or similar, context implies intestinal issue] and diarrhea, death ensues. Even in women, it is not pregnancy. This clarifies Yin Bo can be pregnancy or disease/death.
Yang adds to Yin, called Han (Sweat). Yin deficiency Yang Bo, called Beng (Flooding/Breaking).
Yang adding to Yin is called Sweat, meaning Yang Qi is sufficient, adding internally to Yin; Yin receives Yang and exits outward, hence Sweat. If Yang adds to Yin, Yin Qi is internally deficient, not harmonizing with Yang, Yang pounds, Yang Bo internally, then Yin deficiency Yang excess, hence called Beng. Beng means blood falling downward. This clarifies Yang Bo can be Yin-Yang harmony causing sweat, or Yin-Yang disharmony causing blood flooding.
San Yin Ju Bo (All Three Yin Pounding) dies at midnight on the twentieth day.
Yin Bo means Yin excess; Yang Bo means Yang excess. Some belong to non-disease, some to disease, some to death from disease. If meridians are unharmonious, hand-foot Yin-Yang all pounding leads to death, hence listing Three Yin-Yang to discuss. San Yin Ju Bo means Hand-Foot Taiyin Spleen-Lung Qi all pounding internally. Death at midnight on the 20th day: Earth's completing number is ten, Metal's completing number is nine. Midnight is early Zi hour, end of 19th day, transitioning to 20th day Zi Yang, then dying.
Er Yin Ju Bo (All Two Yin Pounding) dies at dusk on the thirteenth day.
Er Yin Ju Bo means Hand-Foot Shaoyin Heart-Kidney Qi all pounding internally. Death at dusk on the 13th day: Water's completing number is six, Fire's completing number is seven, ending Water-Fire completing numbers to die. Also, "dusk" is end of 13th day, dying until Xu-Hai hours, distinguishing from the 20th day midnight Zi Yang mentioned earlier.
Yin Ju Bo (All One Yin Pounding) dies in ten days.
Yin Ju Bo means Hand-Foot Jueyin Liver-Pericardium Qi all pounding internally. Death in ten days: Wood's completing number is eight, Fire's generating number is two. Ten days ends Wood's completing number and Fire's generating number to die. This is the case of Three Yin Five Zang interacting, giving death periods.
San Yang Ju Bo (All Three Yang Pounding), moreover drumming, dies in three days.
San Yang Ju Bo means Hand-Foot Taiyang Bladder-Small Intestine Qi all pounding internally. "Moreover drumming" means Three Yang both pounding and drumming, this is Hand-Foot One Yang. Hand...