伤寒下利，厥逆烦躁，不得卧者死。
伤寒厥逆六七日，发热而利者生，汗出利不止者死，但有阴无阳故也。
伤寒咳逆上气，其脉散者死，谓形损故也。
夫病者实则谵语，虚则郑声。（重语是也。）直视谵语、喘满者死，下利者亦死。
伤寒脉阴阳俱紧，口中气出，唇口干燥， 卧足冷，鼻中涕出，舌上苔滑，勿
妄治也。
伤寒脉浮而洪，身汗如油，喘而不休，水浆不下，形体不仁，乍静乍乱，此为命绝也。又未知
何脏先受其灾。若汗出发润，喘而不休，此为肺先绝也；阳反独留，形体如烟熏，直视摇头，此为
心先绝也；唇吻反青，四肢 习者，此为肝先绝也；环口黧黑，柔汗发黄，此为脾先绝也；溲便遗
失，狂言目反直视者，此为肾先绝也。
伤寒脉顺四时，夜半得病日中解，日中得病夜半解，更不传也。
热病阴阳交者，热烦身燥，太阴寸口脉两冲尚躁盛，是阴阳交，死；得脉静者生。
热病得汗，身冷脉欲绝，其人已安静，但昏沉喜睡，急与四逆辈，令手足温，不尔，熟寐而卒。
热病阳进阴退，头独汗出，死；阴进阳退，腰以下至足有汗出，亦死；阴阳俱进，汗出已，热
如故，亦死；阴阳俱退，汗出已，寒栗不止，口鼻气冷，亦死。
热病所谓并阴者，热病已得汗，因得泄，是谓并阴，故治；热病所谓并阳者，热病已得汗，脉
尚躁盛，大热汗出，虽不汗，身和而衄，是谓并阳。故治。
热病不知痛所在，不能自收，口干渴热甚，阴头有寒者，热在骨髓，死，不治。
病若谵语妄言，身当有热，而反四逆，脉沉细者，死。
热病在肾，令人渴口干，舌焦黄赤，昼夜引饮不止，腹大而胀，尚不厌饮，目无精光，死，不
治。
热病所谓阳附阴者，腰以下至足热，腰以上寒，阴气下争而还，心腹满者，死。
热病所谓阴附阳者，腰以上至头热，腰以下寒，阳气上争而还，得汗者，生。
热病得汗，脉减躁，身和面赤，此为荣未交，待时自已，肝病待甲乙之列。（《素问》云∶荣
未交日，今且得汗，待时而已。）
热病七八日，脉微小病者，溲血口中干，一日半死；代脉一日死。
热病七八日，脉不躁不数而喘，后三日有汗。三日不汗，四日死。未曾汗，勿庸刺。
热病身面发黄，面肿，心热口干，舌卷焦黄黑，身麻而臭，伏毒伤肺，中脾者死。
热病螈 狂言，不得汗，螈 不止，伏毒伤肝，中胆者死。
热病汗不出，出不至足，呕胆吐血，善惊不得卧，伏毒在胆足少阳者死。
伤寒病出现下利（腹泻）、四肢厥冷、烦躁不安且无法躺卧的，属于死证。
伤寒病出现四肢厥冷已六七天，若伴有发热且腹泻的，预后良好；若汗出且腹泻不止的，属于死证，这是因为体内只有阴寒而无阳气所致。
伤寒病出现咳嗽气逆、气息上冲，若脉象散乱无根的，属于死证，这是因为形体精气严重耗损的缘故。
大凡病人实证会胡言乱语（谵语），虚证则会重复低语（郑声）。（所谓郑声，就是语言重复的意思。）若出现两眼直视且胡言乱语、气喘胸满的，或者出现下利的，都属于死证。
伤寒病脉象寸关尺三部都紧，口中呼出的气热，嘴唇口舌干燥，睡觉时脚冷，鼻中流清涕，舌苔滑润，此时不要胡乱治疗。
伤寒病脉象浮而洪大，身体出汗如油珠般黏腻，喘息不停，水浆饮食无法入口，肢体麻木不仁，时而安静时而混乱，这是生命终结的表现。又不知道是哪一脏先遭受了灾祸。如果汗出后头发湿润，喘息不停，这是肺脏先绝；阳气反而独留于外，面色如烟熏般晦暗，两眼直视且摇头，这是心脏先绝；嘴唇和嘴角发青，四肢抽搐颤动的，这是肝脏先绝；口周颜色黑黄，冷汗淋漓且肤色发黄，这是脾脏先绝；大小便失禁，胡言乱语且两眼上翻直视的，这是肾脏先绝。
伤寒病的脉象顺应四时变化，若在夜半得病而在日中（中午）痊愈，或在日中得病而在夜半痊愈，说明病情不再传变。
热病出现阴阳交争的情况，表现为发热烦躁、身体燥热，太阴经寸口脉两部都冲动躁盛，这是阴阳交，属于死证；若脉象转为平静的，预后良好。
热病在出汗后，身体变冷，脉搏微弱似有若无，患者已经安静，只是昏沉嗜睡，应立即给予四逆汤类方剂，使手足温暖，否则会在熟睡中突然死亡。
热病若阳邪进逼而阴邪退却，仅头部出汗，属于死证；若阴邪进逼而阳邪退却，腰部以下至足部出汗，也属于死证；若阴阳邪气都进逼，出汗后热势依旧，也属于死证；若阴阳邪气都退却，出汗后寒战不止，口鼻气息冰冷，也属于死证。
热病所谓的“并阴”，是指热病已经出汗，随后又发生泄泻，这称为并阴，因此可以治疗；热病所谓的“并阳”，是指热病已经出汗，但脉象仍然躁盛，高热大汗，即使没有出汗，身体调和但出现鼻衄（流鼻血），这称为并阳，因此也可以治疗。
热病患者不知道疼痛的具体部位，不能自主控制肢体，口干渴且热势严重，阴头寒冷，这是热毒深入骨髓，属于死证，无法治疗。
病人若胡言乱语、妄自言语，身体应当发热，反而四肢厥冷，脉象沉细的，属于死证。
热病在肾脏，使人口渴口干，舌苔焦黄赤色，昼夜不停地饮水，腹部胀大，仍然不满足饮水欲望，眼神无光彩，属于死证，无法治疗。
热病所谓的“阳附阴”，是指腰部以下至足部发热，腰部以上寒冷，阴气在下抗争而后返回，伴有心腹胀满的，属于死证。
热病所谓的“阴附阳”，是指腰部以上至头部发热，腰部以下寒冷，阳气在上抗争而后返回，若能出汗的，预后良好。
热病在出汗后，脉象由躁动转为缓和，身体调和且面色微红，这是营卫之气尚未完全交会，等待时机自然痊愈，肝病多在甲乙日（春季木旺之日）痊愈。（《素问》说：营卫未交会之日，如今已得汗，只需等待时机即可。）
热病经过七八天，脉象微小且病情较轻的，若出现尿血、口中干燥，一天半内死亡；若出现代脉（脉律不齐，止有定数），一天内死亡。
热病经过七八天，脉象不躁动也不数急但出现气喘，若后三天有汗出则生；若三天无汗，第四天死亡。未曾出汗的，不要随意针刺。
热病身体面目发黄，面部肿胀，心中烦热口干，舌体卷缩焦黄黑，身体麻木且有臭味，伏毒损伤肺脏，中伤脾脏的，属于死证。
In cold damage (Shanghan) disease, if there is diarrhea (Li), cold extremities (Jue Ni), irritability and restlessness, and an inability to lie down, it is a death sign.
In cold damage disease, if cold extremities persist for six or seven days, survival is indicated if accompanied by fever and diarrhea; however, if sweating occurs with unceasing diarrhea, it is a death sign, due to the presence of only Yin cold without Yang Qi.
In cold damage disease, if there is coughing with rebellious Qi rising, and the pulse is scattered and rootless, it is a death sign, indicating severe depletion of physical essence.
Generally, patients with excess conditions exhibit delirious speech (Zhen Yu), while those with deficiency conditions exhibit repetitive murmuring (Zheng Sheng). (Zheng Sheng refers to repetitive speech.) If there is fixed staring gaze combined with delirium and asthmatic chest fullness, or if there is diarrhea, these are death signs.
In cold damage disease, if the pulses at all three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi) are tight, the breath exhaled from the mouth is hot, lips and mouth are dry, feet are cold during sleep, nasal discharge is clear, and the tongue coating is slippery, do not treat recklessly.
In cold damage disease, if the pulse is floating and surging, sweat oozes like oil, asthma continues without cessation, fluids and food cannot be taken in, the body is numb and insensible, and the patient alternates between quietness and chaos, this indicates the end of life. It is unknown which Zang organ suffered the disaster first. If sweat wets the hair and asthma continues, this indicates the Lung failing first; if Yang Qi remains alone externally, the complexion is dark like smoke, eyes stare fixedly, and the head shakes, this indicates the Heart failing first; if lips and corners of the mouth turn cyanotic, and limbs twitch and tremble, this indicates the Liver failing first; if the area around the mouth is dark yellow/black, with soft sweat and yellowish skin, this indicates the Spleen failing first; if urine and stool are incontinent, with delirious speech and eyes rolling upward fixedly, this indicates the Kidney failing first.
If the pulse of cold damage disease conforms to the four seasons, illness contracted at midnight resolves at noon, or illness contracted at noon resolves at midnight, indicating that the disease does not transmit further.
In heat disease, "Yin-Yang Jiao" (interaction/conflict of Yin and Yang pathogens) presents with fever, irritability, and bodily dryness. If the Cun position of the Taiyin pulse is bilateral and surging/restless, this is Yin-Yang Jiao, a death sign; if the pulse becomes quiet, survival is indicated.
In heat disease, after sweating, the body becomes cold and the pulse seems to cease. If the patient is already quiet but drowsy and prone to sleep, administer Si Ni Tang (Four Reversal Decoction) or similar formulas immediately to warm the hands and feet; otherwise, sudden death may occur during deep sleep.
In heat disease, if Yang pathogen advances and Yin recedes, with sweat only on the head, it is a death sign; if Yin advances and Yang recedes, with sweat from below the waist to the feet, it is also a death sign; if both Yin and Yang advance, and heat persists despite sweating, it is a death sign; if both Yin and Yang recede, but chills continue incessantly after sweating, with cold breath from mouth and nose, it is also a death sign.
The term "Bing Yin" (Merging with Yin) in heat disease refers to a state where, after sweating, diarrhea occurs; thus, it can be treated. The term "Bing Yang" (Merging with Yang) refers to a state where, after sweating, the pulse remains restless, high fever and profuse sweating occur, or even without sweating, the body feels harmonious but epistaxis (nosebleed) occurs; thus, it can also be treated.
If a heat disease patient cannot locate pain, cannot control their body voluntarily, suffers from severe dry mouth and thirst with intense heat, and has coldness at the genitalia, the heat toxin has penetrated to the bone marrow; this is a death sign and untreatable.
If a patient exhibits delirious and妄言 (wild talk), the body should have heat, but instead presents with cold extremities and a deep, fine pulse, this is a death sign.
Heat disease affecting the Kidneys causes thirst and dry mouth, a scorched yellow-red tongue coating, incessant drinking day and night, abdominal distension, yet still unsatisfied with drinking, and eyes lacking luster; this is a death sign and untreatable.
The term "Yang Fu Yin" (Yang attaching to Yin) in heat disease refers to heat from below the waist to the feet, with cold above the waist; if Yin Qi struggles downward and returns, accompanied by heart and abdominal fullness, it is a death sign.
The term "Yin Fu Yang" (Yin attaching to Yang) in heat disease refers to heat from above the waist to the head, with cold below the waist; if Yang Qi struggles upward and returns, and sweating occurs, survival is indicated.
In heat disease, if after sweating the pulse changes from restless to calm, the body feels harmonious, and the face is slightly red, this indicates that Ying (Nutritive) Qi has not yet fully interacted; wait for the appropriate time for spontaneous recovery. Liver diseases typically resolve on Jia/Yi days (Wood days in spring). (Su Wen states: On the day Ying Qi has not yet interacted, now that sweat has been obtained, one need only wait for the time.)
In heat disease lasting seven or eight days, if the pulse is minute and small and the condition appears mild, but hematuria and dry mouth occur, death occurs within one and a half days; if a Dai Pulse (intermittent pulse) appears, death occurs within one day.
In heat disease lasting seven or eight days, if the pulse is neither restless nor rapid but asthma is present, sweating occurring within the next three days indicates survival; if no sweating occurs after three days, death occurs on the fourth day. If no sweating has occurred, do not use acupuncture.
If heat disease presents with jaundice of the body and face, facial swelling, internal heat and dry mouth, a curled and scorched yellow-black tongue, body numbness with a foul odor, indicating that latent toxins injure the Lungs and affect the Spleen, it is a death sign.
If heat disease presents with convulsions (Chou Xu), delirium, inability to sweat, and unceasing convulsions, indicating that latent toxins injure the Liver and affect the Gallbladder, it is a death sign.
If heat disease presents with no sweating, or sweating that does not reach the feet, vomiting of bile or blood, frequent fright, and inability to lie down, indicating that latent toxins reside in the Gallbladder (Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian), it is a death sign.