是。不便者，肝循阴器，上贯膈络，故尔胀满不得小便也。发燥者，胆有怒火也。胆合膀胱，上荣毛发，风
气盛则焦燥。汗竭则枯，身体面色蒙尘者，气滞则荣卫道涩也。
风攻头眉耳目多倾，或癫痫吐沫口苦。
少阳脉上抵头角，下耳后，循项，风邪上攻，则头痛眉倾，耳暴聋，目锐 肿赤。风甚则螈 癫痫，
轻则常吐黄水，口为之苦。
热壅鼻渊，咽肿食亦，痿 难行∶
胆候咽门，故热壅则生疮肿痛。食亦者，胃移热于胆，食入移易而过，不生肌肤∶亦者，易也。痿 坐不
能起者，热则筋缩，足少阳之别曰光明，去踝上五寸，故主之。
虚怯昏泪，不眠善恐，如人将捕。
人数谋虑不决，故胆气虚而溢为泪。泪者，类也。胆受水气，与坎同位，眼亦水也。人心悲则泪出者，
水得火而煎，阴必从阳，故悲则泪出。老人胆汁悭，哭则无泪，笑则有泪．火盛水亏也，故胆热者亦流泪。热
则多眠，虚则不眠，独卧神无所附，尤生惊畏，善太息，恐如人将捕，或梦细草。
冷不食菜（或吐酸水），痛闷左边五肋之中∶血瘀生瘿，马刀两腋缺盆（皆胆）之路。补以胡黄（连草
龙胆（木通，）泻必青皮柴胡（黄连）；温以橘（皮）皮半（夏）生姜（川芎），凉必黄连竹茹（柴胡）。
公直果断自降衷，
胆生于金，金主武，故为中正之官，决断出焉，人禀刚正果断，直而无疑无私者，胆气正也。
壮胆安神资药饵。
所禀怯者，参枣丸，朱雀丸亦可资助，以全胆气。
脾镇黄庭，磨水谷以养四脏；
黄，脾色；庭，中也。脾居中脘一寸二分，上去心三寸六分，下去肾三寸六分，中间一寸二分，名曰黄
庭。在天为太阳，在地为太阴，在人为中黄祖气。脾气壮，则能磨消水谷，以荣养四脏。
职兼谏议，却生硬以辅心君。
脾本仓廪之官，五味出焉。饮食人之大欲，凡生冷坚硬之物，心所欲食，而脾不能化则不敢食，故又名
谏议大夫。误食者，留而伤质，甚于伤气也。
中理五气，运布于体面；
脾居于中，和合四象，中理五气，运布水谷精微，以润肌体而面肉滑泽。脾壮则臀肉肥满，脾绝则臀之大
肉去矣。
上应两眉，荣通乎口唇。
脾神上通两眉间，明堂穴内一寸。脾裹血，主藏荣，上通于口而知五味，其华在唇。黄色。小理者，脾
小，脾小则脏安难伤于邪；粗理者，脾大，脾大则苦凑 而痛不能疾行。揭唇者，脾高，脾高则 引季胁而痛；
唇下纵者，脾下，脾下则下加于大肠脏苦受邪。唇坚者，脾坚，脾坚则脏安难伤；唇大而不坚者，脾脆，脾
脆则善病消瘅易伤。唇上下好者，脾端正，脾端正则和利难伤；唇偏举者，脾偏倾，脾偏倾则善胀善满也。
扁似马蹄，广三寸而长有五寸。
形扁似马蹄，又如刀镰。
膜连胃腑，重二斤（三两）而散膏半斤。
脾之有大络，其系自膈下正中，微着左胁于胃之上。与胃包络相附。其胃之包在脾之上，与胃相并，结络
周回，漫脂遍布。上下有二系，上者贯膈入肺中，与肺系相并，而在肺系之后，其上即咽门也。咽下胃脘也，
胃脘下，即胃之上口也，其处谓之贲门者也。水谷自此而入胃，以胃出谷气，传之于肺，肺在膈上，因曰贲门。
其门膈膜相贴之间，亦漫脂相包也。若胃中水谷腐熟，则自幽门而传入于小肠，故言太仓之下口为幽门。散膏主
裹血，各脏血脉，皆其所主也。
气痛膨胀水肿，久则右脐有痞；
气滞则心腹 痛，膨胀水肿。痞者，痞塞不通。脾之积名痞气，在胃脘，大如覆杯。以冬壬癸日得之，何以
言之？肝病传脾，脾当传肾，肾以冬适旺，旺者不受邪。脾复欲还肝，肝不肯受，故留结为积。久则四肢不收，
发为黄胆，或为消中，饮食不为肌肤。
风羁瘫痪肉蠕，轻则四体不勤。
轻则怠惰，重则瘫痪，皆脾精不行，阴道不利，筋骨肌肉无气以生，故不用焉。肉属牌，脾受风湿，则卫
气不荣而肌肉蠕动，或痿痹不仁，谓之肉痿。经曰∶肉痿者，得之湿地也。又曰∶脾热者，色黄而蠕动也。
肥甘热泛，口疮舌强，中消发疸∶
唇燥口疮，舌根强痛，此肥甘之发也。食肥则腠理密而阳气不得外泄，故肥令人内热。甘者，性气和缓而发
散逆，故甘令人中满。然内热则阳气炎上，炎上则欲饮而嗌干；中满则阳气有余，有余则脾气上溢，故其气上
溢转为消渴。盖脾热则胃液渗泄，故干而渴。疸者，湿热甚也。
酒色虚羸，节缓肠癖，吐泻转筋。
凡脾虚则梦饮食，虚则梦取，实则梦与，得其时，则梦筑垣盖屋。酒入于胃，则络脉满而经脉虚，经脉阴
气虚，则阳气入而胃不和。前阴乃太阴阳明之所合，胃既不和，则精气竭而四肢不荣矣。醉饱入房，则气聚脾
中不得散，酒气与谷气相搏，热盛于中，故遍于身，内热而溺赤也。羸瘦者，能食不生肌肤，乃大肠移热于胃，
亦名食易。节缓者，脾之大络名曰大包，出渊腋下三寸，布胸胁，实则身体尽痛，虚则百节尽皆纵缓。此脉若
罗络之血者，皆取之脾之大络脉也。凡此十五络者，实则必见，虚则必下，视之不见，求之上下，入经不同，
络脉异所别也。肠癖者，肾虚精气内消，下焦无主以守持，乃移热于脾，脾虚不能制水而受病，久为虚损，肠
癖除而气不禁止者死。吐泻转筋者，饮食伤风，木乘土也。
血瘕 而卧立皆倦，血瘀则为瘕 ，令人强立，嗜卧或不卧。
手足冷而痰饮宜分。
凡脾胃病手足冷而不渴者，乃冷痰壅滞，宜温散分消。
补以参 苓术，茯苓、白术、甘草、苍术、陈皮、半夏、莲肉、芡实、山楂、扁豆、麦芽、滑石、山药、白芍、干姜、大
腹皮、升麻、柴胡、枳壳、人参、黄 。
泻必巴棱枳壳；
巴豆、三棱、枳壳、赤芍药、葶苈、桑白皮、青皮、鳖甲。
凉以栀连滑石，山栀、黄连、羚羊角、甘草、白芍、连翘、升麻、泽泻、葳蕤、仙灵脾。
温必香附砂仁。
干姜、生姜、木香、肉桂，肉豆蔻、川芎、益智仁、吴萸、丁香、藿香、胡椒、附子、良姜、红豆蔻。
豆栗藿豕宜于病，大豆、豕肉、栗、藿皆咸，脾病宜食。
饮食歌乐养其真。
凡脾病皆因饮食劳倦致虚，而后邪得以入之。然饮食一日不可无者，但宜调节，或歌乐鼓动脾气，以养
真元。
胃号太仓，俗呼为肚。
无所不容，若仓库然。
上透咽门食管，而受其所吞；曲接小肠，而传其所腐。容三斗五斗，而留亦如之；
横屈受水谷三斗五升，其中常留谷二斗，水一斗五升。平人日再至圊，一行二升半，日中五升，七日五
七三斗五升而水谷尽矣。故平人不饮食七日而死者，水谷津液俱尽也。
长二尺六寸，而大一尺五。
寸径五寸，重二斤十四两。
形验于 ，而浓薄不同；
者，肉之标，即肚皮也。脾应肉，肉 坚大者，胃浓；肉 么者，胃薄；肉 小而么者，胃
不坚；肉 不称身者，胃下，胃下者，下管约不利也；肉 不坚者，胃缓；肉 无小里累者，胃急； 肉多少里
累者，胃结，胃结者，上管约不利也。
气通于口，而脉息是主。
五味入口，藏于胃，以养五脏气，气口亦太阴。是以五脏六腑之气味皆出于胃，变见于气口。气口在手鱼
际之后，所候动脉者，是手太阴脉气所行，故言气口亦太阴也。
清升浊降，六腑大源；食化饮消，五脏安堵。
胃中清气升则浊气降，饮食消化则百病不生，五脏调和，安然如堵，是胃主阳气发生，而为六腑之源也。
噫！至浊之中，而有至清者存焉。
风中口 喉痹，颈汗膈塞腹大，或时目黄目泣；
胃脉起于鼻，交额中，循鼻外，入齿缝，还出侠口环唇，下交承浆，循颐后下廉，至人迎，循咽，入缺盆，
下乳膈，循腹里，至气冲而合，故病如是。《内经》曰∶胃风之状，颈多汗，恶风，饮食不下，膈塞不通，腹
善满，失食则 胀，食寒则泄，形瘦而腹大是也。目黄者，人肥，风气不得外泄，则热中而上蒸于目变黄色。
目泣者，人瘦，腠理开，风得外泄，则寒中而目泪自出。
气逆喘急不卧，食胀妨闷呕哕，或时痛心痛乳。
上喘者，阴气下而复上，上则邪客脏腑为水而喘。又曰∶阳明盛则喘而惋，惋则恶人，不卧而息有音者，
阳明气不得从其道，故胃不和而卧不安，且息有音也。胀满妨闷者，腹属脾络胃，故病则妨闷，吃食则胀满。
如十一月属子，万物气皆藏于中也，得后与气则快然如衰者，阴气衰而阳气将出也。呕者，阳明病气，至则善
呕，呕已乃衰，挟寒则呕腥水，挟风则呕甜水，挟湿则呕酸水也。哕者，其人旧有寒气，因谷气入胃，上注于
肺，寒气与新谷气相攻相并，复出于胃而为干哕也。心痛者，气郁胃脘当心而痛也。乳痛者，阳明主乳房也。
热恶炎气（人声亦恶），腋肿口渴流涎，甚则登高发狂；
发狂逾墙上屋者，阳盛则能升高也。经曰∶阳明之厥，则巅疾欲走呼，腹满不得卧，面赤而热，妄言
妄见。
虚恶木音，呵噫腹响胫枯，甚则身 腰俯。
胃，土也，虚则闻木音惕然而惊，闻钟鼓则不动，土恶木喜金也。噫者，阴气上走入阳明，阳明络属心，
故曰上走心为噫。所以时时心闷，欲食不喜，食来欠多也。腹响者，腹中谷谷，便溺难，多寒气也。胃阳虚，
则阴气上与阳拒，故胫寒或肿或枯，而股不能收也。虚寒者，面目俱浮，骨节皆痛，虚甚则筋脉解堕，气不
复用，故为身 也。腰俯者，阳明腰痛不可以顾，顾而有见者善悲。
冷则振寒鼓颔，翻胃吐清；
阳虚则寒栗鼓颔，又阴气虚而阳气加之，故洒洒振寒也。翻胃吐清水不止者，冷败证也。
血瘀鼻衄肠风，酒 食蛊。
血热或衄或吐。胃风在下，则为肠风下血，在上则为面肿。酒 、食瘕、蛊注，皆胃气不行，而瘀血
与痰相结而成也。
巴豆大黄立泻，石膏连翘颇凉，
泻用巴豆、大黄、枳壳、芒硝、硝石。凉用石膏、连翘、玉屑、元明粉、滑石、寒水石、白术、石斛、
茅根、黄连、黄芩、干葛、天花粉、升麻、紫参、山栀、松脂、竹茹、韭汁。
丁香豆蔻从温，白术山药最补。
温用丁香、肉豆蔻、白豆蔻、草豆蔻、良姜、香附、生姜、木香、川芎、藿香、浓朴、益智仁、吴萸、
辛荑、胡椒、香薷。补用白术、山药、莲肉、芡实、山楂、陈皮、扁豆、麦芽、神曲、滑石、黄 、半夏、
百合、苍术。
水荣谷卫，脾胃相通；
胃为水谷之海，脾为消化之器，水入于
经，其血乃成，谷入于胃，脉道乃行。故血不可不养，卫不可不温。血温卫和，荣卫通行，天命常有。
春实秋虚，阴阳逆忤。
脾为阴，胃为阳，阳脉上行，阴脉下行，阳脉从外，阴脉从内。春夏阳明为实为从，太阴为虚为逆；秋
冬太阴为实为从，阳明为虚为逆，此脾胃病，常相更迭而不定也。
肺系喉管，而为气之宗；
肺系有二；一系上通喉咙，其中与心系相通。肺之系者，自膈正中微近左胁，居胃之上，并胃胞络及胃
脘相连，贯膈与心肺相通，膈膜相缀也。一系自心入于肺两大叶之间，曲折向后，并脊膂细络相连，贯通脊髓，
而与肾系相通。肾纳气，肺主气，肺主行荣卫，为相傅之官，治节出焉，为气之本也。相傅，如今之尚书。
形似人肩，而为脏之盖。
形似人肩，又如磬悬于五脏之上，而为脏之华盖。
三斤三两，空空相通，六叶两耳，脉脉朝会。
重三斤三两，六叶两耳，共八叶，下无窍，叶中有二十四空，行列分布诸脏清浊之气。脉气流经，经气
归肺，肺朝百脉，输精于皮毛。毛脉合精，行气于腑，腑精神明，留于四脏，气归于权衡，权衡以平，气口
成寸，以决死生。
义配于心，
肺在德为义，心为礼，肝为仁，脾为信，肾为智，然皆统于心也。
卦象乎兑。
肺在卦象兑。又曰肺气通而象干，心象离，肝象震，脾象坤，肾象坎，胆象巽，胃象艮。以外象言之，
则干为左脚，坎为外肾，艮为右脚，震为右身，巽为右手，离为头顶，坤为左手，兑为左身。然人禀两仪而生，
配合八卦，大概如此。其实一气流行，每子时自左脚心涌泉穴起，阳循左足腹胁手，而上至头顶囟门午位而止。
午时自顶门循右手胁腹足，而下至右脚心而止。是坎离为阴阳消息，故后天图独言之。
谷稻畜马，魄藏于中；
稻色白，为肺之谷。马善斗象金，为肺之畜。并精出入谓之魄，乃精气之匡佐也。肺藏魄，肝藏魂，魂
乃阳之精，魄乃阴之精。阳动而阴静，魂游而魄守，阴阳相济，魂魄相守。魂不游而魄不守，阴阳俱丧。魄不
收而魂枯，阳亦消亡，阴阳宜常相济。故叔和云∶魂将魄共连。凡人之梦寐，皆魂魄合而成者也。肺热则梦
美女相根据，或兵戈相竞；虚则梦涉水田。
合皮荣毛，鼻应于外。
肺主皮毛，上荣于眉，开窍于鼻。白色。小理者肺小，肺小则少饮，不病喘咳；粗理者肺大，肺大则多
饮，善病胸痹，喉痹逆气。巨肩反膺陷喉者肺高，肺高则上气肩息咳；合腋张胁者肺下，肺下则居贲迫肺，善
是的。如果小便不通畅，是因为肝经循行经过阴部，向上穿过膈肌并联络相关部位，所以会出现胀满且无法排尿的情况。身体感到燥热，是因为胆中有火邪。胆与膀胱相合，其精气上荣于毛发，风气旺盛时会导致毛发焦枯干燥。汗液枯竭则导致干枯，身体和面色灰暗如蒙尘，是因为气机阻滞导致营卫运行涩滞。
风邪侵袭头部、眉毛、眼睛和耳朵，容易导致面部五官歪斜，或者出现癫痫、口吐白沫、口苦等症状。
少阳脉向上到达头角，向下经过耳后，沿着颈部，风邪向上攻袭，就会导致头痛、眉毛下垂、耳朵突然失聪、眼角红肿赤痛。风邪严重时会导致抽搐、癫痫，轻则经常吐出黄水，口中发苦。
热邪壅塞导致鼻渊（鼻窦炎），咽喉肿痛、饮食异常，肢体痿软难行：
胆经经过咽门，所以热邪壅塞会产生疮疡肿痛。“食亦”是指胃中的热邪转移至胆，食物进入后迅速消化排泄，不能转化为肌肤营养；“亦”就是“易”的意思。“痿”指坐立困难甚至无法起身，这是因为热邪导致筋脉收缩。足少阳胆经的别络名为光明穴，位于外踝上五寸处，因此治疗此症常取此穴。
体质虚弱怯懦、头晕流泪、失眠且容易惊恐，感觉像被人追捕一样。
人如果谋虑不决，就会导致胆气虚弱而溢泪成流。泪，是同类相聚之意。胆受水气影响，与坎卦同位，眼睛也属水。人心悲伤时流泪，是因为水得火煎熬，阴必从阳，所以悲伤时流泪。老人胆汁减少，哭泣时无泪，笑时却有泪，这是火盛水亏的表现，所以胆热的人也会流泪。热邪重则多眠，虚证则不眠，独自卧睡时神无所依，尤其容易产生惊惧畏缩，喜欢长叹气，恐惧得像有人要抓捕自己，或者梦见细草。
怕冷、不吃蔬菜（或呕吐酸水），左侧肋间疼痛闷胀：血瘀生瘿瘤，马刀侠瘿发生在两腋和缺盆（这些都是胆经的路径）。补益用胡黄连、甘草、龙胆草、木通；泻实必用青皮、柴胡、黄连；温补用橘皮、半夏、生姜、川芎；凉润必用黄连、竹茹、柴胡。
公正果断，出自内心的决断。
胆生于金，金主武备，所以胆被称为中正之官，决断力由此产生。人禀赋刚正果断，正直无私无疑虑，这就是胆气正气充盈。
壮胆安神需要借助药物。
禀赋怯弱的人，可用参枣丸，朱雀丸也可以资助补充，以完善胆气。
脾镇守中宫黄庭，磨化水谷以滋养四脏：
“黄”是脾的颜色，“庭”指中央。脾位于中脘穴下一寸二分，距离心脏上方三寸六分，距离肾脏下方三寸六分，中间一寸二分的位置，称为黄庭。在天对应太阳，在地对应太阴，在人对应中黄祖气。脾气强壮，就能磨消水谷，来荣养其他四脏。
职能兼管谏议，消除坚硬之物以辅助心君。
脾本是仓廪之官，五味由此而出。饮食是人的大欲，凡是生冷坚硬的食物，心里想吃但脾不能运化时就不敢吃，所以脾又被称为谏议大夫。误食这些食物，滞留体内损伤形体，比损伤气更严重。
调理中焦五气，将精微运布于全身和面部；
脾居于中焦，调和四方，调理五气，运布水谷精微，滋润肌体使面部肌肉滑泽。脾强壮则臀部肌肉丰满，脾绝则臀部大肉消瘦脱失。
上部对应两眉，荣华通达于口唇。
脾神上通于两眉之间，明堂穴内一寸处。脾包裹血液，主要储藏营气，上通于口能辨别五味，其荣华表现于嘴唇，颜色为黄色。纹理细腻者，脾小，脾小则脏腑安宁，不易受邪气伤害；纹理粗糙者，脾大，脾大则容易凑集邪气而疼痛，不能快速行走。嘴唇上翻者，脾位置偏高，脾高则牵引季胁疼痛；嘴唇下垂纵长者，脾位置偏低，脾下则下部大肠容易受邪气侵害。嘴唇坚实者，脾坚固，脾坚则脏腑安宁难伤；嘴唇大而松软不坚实者，脾脆弱，脾脆则容易患消渴病，易受伤害。嘴唇上下形态良好者，脾位置端正，脾端正则功能和谐难伤；嘴唇偏斜翘起者，脾位置偏倾，脾偏倾则容易胀满。
形状似马蹄，宽三寸长五寸。
形状扁平似马蹄，又像刀镰。
膜连胃腑，重二斤三两，另有散膏半斤。
脾有大络，其脉络自膈下正中，微微附着于左胁胃之上。与胃的包络相连。胃的包络在脾之上，与胃并行，结络周回，漫脂遍布。上下有两系，上者穿过膈肌入肺中，与肺系并行，且在肺系之后，其上即咽门。咽下是胃脘，胃脘下即胃的上口，此处称为贲门。水谷从此进入胃，由胃排出谷气，传之于肺，肺在膈上，因曰贲门。该门与膈膜相贴之间，也有漫脂包裹。若胃中水谷腐熟，则从幽门传入小肠，所以说太仓的下口为幽门。散膏主要裹血，各脏血脉都由它主管。
气痛、膨胀、水肿，久了右脐旁会有痞块；
气滞则心腹疼痛，膨胀水肿。痞，指痞塞不通。脾的积病名叫痞气，在胃脘部，大小如倒扣的杯子。在冬日的壬癸日得此病，为什么这么说？因为肝病传脾，脾应当传肾，但肾在冬季正值旺盛，旺盛的脏器不受邪。脾想再将邪气返还给肝，肝不肯接受，所以邪气留结成为积块。久了则四肢无力不收，发展为黄疸，或者成为消中症，饮食不能化为肌肤。
风邪羁留导致瘫痪、肌肉跳动，轻则四肢不勤快。
轻则怠惰，重则瘫痪，都是脾精不行，阴道不利，筋骨肌肉没有气以生成，所以不能使用。肉属于脾，脾受风湿侵袭，则卫气不能荣养肌肉而蠕动，或者痿痹不知痛痒，称为肉痿。经书说：肉痿，是由于居住在湿地造成的。又说：脾热的人，面色黄且肌肉蠕动。
肥甘厚味导致热泛，口舌生疮、舌强，中消症并发黄疸：
嘴唇干燥、口舌生疮，舌根强硬疼痛，这是肥甘厚味引发的。吃肥肉则腠理致密而阳气不能外泄，所以肥腻使人内生热邪。甜味性气和缓但发散逆乱，所以甘甜使人中焦满闷。然而内热则阳气炎上，炎上则想喝水且咽喉干燥；中满则阳气有余，有余则脾气上溢，所以气上溢转为消渴。大概脾热则胃液渗泄，所以干而渴。疸，是湿热严重的表现。
酒色过度导致身体虚弱消瘦，关节松弛、肠癖，呕吐腹泻、转筋。
凡脾虚则梦见饮食，虚极则梦见索取，实则梦见给予，得其时令则梦见筑墙盖屋。酒进入胃，则络脉满而经脉虚，经脉阴气虚，则阳气内入而胃不和。前阴是太阴和阳明经所合之处，胃既不和，则精气竭乏而四肢不得荣养。醉饱后行房事，则气聚在脾中不得散发，酒气与谷气相搏，热盛于中，所以遍身内热而小便赤。消瘦的人，能吃但不长肌肉，乃是大肠移热于胃，也叫食易。节缓，脾的大络名叫大包，出于腋下三寸，布散胸胁，实证则身体尽痛，虚则百节皆松弛缓慢。这种脉象如同罗网之血，都取治于脾之大络脉。凡这十五络脉，实证必然显现，虚证必然下陷，视而不见，需上下求索，入经不同，络脉分支各异。肠癖，是肾虚精气内消，下焦无主以固守，乃移热于脾，脾虚不能制水而受病，久则成虚损，肠癖除去而气不能禁止的会死亡。呕吐腹泻转筋，是饮食伤风，木乘土所致。
血瘕导致卧立皆疲倦，血瘀则为瘕，让人强立、嗜卧或不卧。
手足冷且痰饮适宜分辨。
凡脾胃病见手足冷且不口渴的，乃是冷痰壅滞，宜用温散分消法。
补益用人参、茯苓、白术、甘草、苍术、陈皮、半夏、莲肉、芡实、山楂、扁豆、麦芽、滑石、山药、白芍、干姜、大腹皮、升麻、柴胡、枳壳、人参、黄芪。
泻实用巴豆、三棱、枳壳、赤芍药、葶苈子、桑白皮、青皮、鳖甲。
凉润用山栀、黄连、滑石、山栀、黄连、羚羊角、甘草、白芍、连翘、升麻、泽泻、玉竹、淫羊藿。
温补用香附、砂仁、干姜、生姜、木香、肉桂、肉豆蔻、川芎、益智仁、吴茱萸、丁香、藿香、胡椒、附子、高良姜、红豆蔻。
豆类、栗子、藿叶、猪肉适宜于脾病食用。大豆、豕肉、栗、藿皆咸味，脾病宜食。
饮食歌乐以养护真元。
凡脾病皆因饮食劳倦导致虚弱，而后邪气得以侵入。然而饮食一日不可无，只宜调节，或通过歌乐鼓动脾气，以养护真元。
胃号称太仓，俗称肚子。
无所不容，像仓库一样。
上透咽门食管，接受吞咽之物；弯曲连接小肠，传递腐熟之物。容量三斗五升，留存量也是如此；
横屈受纳水谷三斗五升，其中常留谷物二斗，水一斗五升。常人每天两次去厕所，一次二升半，一天共五升，七天三五二十一点五升，水谷就排尽了。所以常人不饮食七天而死，是因为水谷津液都耗尽了。
长二尺六寸，直径大一尺五寸。
寸径五寸，重二斤十四两。
形态验证于腹部肌肉，浓薄不同；
腹部肌肉，是肉的标志，即肚皮。脾应肉，肌肉坚实宽大者，胃壁厚；肌肉细小者，胃壁薄；肌肉小而细小者，胃不坚固；肌肉与身体不相称者，胃位置低，胃低下则下管约束不利；肌肉不坚实者，胃弛缓；肌肉无小颗粒隆起者，胃紧急；肌肉多少有颗粒隆起者，胃结聚，胃结聚则上管约束不利。
气通于口，脉搏气息以此为主。
五味入口，藏于胃，以滋养五脏之气，气口脉也是太阴脉。所以五脏六腑的气味都出于胃，变化见于气口。气口在手鱼际之后，所候的动脉，是手太阴脉气所行，所以说气口也是太阴脉。
清气上升浊气下降，是六腑的大源头；食物消化饮水消散，五脏安泰。
胃中清气升则浊气降，饮食消化则百病不生，五脏调和，安然如堵，这是胃主阳气发生，而为六腑之源。
噫！在至浊之中，而有至清者存在。
风邪中于口喉导致痹阻，颈部出汗、膈塞、腹大，有时目黄、流泪；
胃脉起于鼻，交于额中，沿鼻外侧，入齿缝，复出环绕嘴唇，下行交承浆，沿颐后下廉，至人迎，沿咽，入缺盆，下乳膈，沿腹里，至气冲而合，所以病状如此。《内经》说：胃风的症状，颈部多汗，恶风，饮食不下，膈塞不通，腹部善满，失食则腹胀，食寒则泄，形瘦而腹大。目黄，是人肥胖，风气不得外泄，则热中而上蒸于目变黄色。目泣，是人瘦，腠理开，风得外泄，则寒中而目泪自出。
气逆喘急不能卧，食后胀闷妨碍呼吸、呕吐呃逆，有时心痛、乳痛。
上喘，是阴气下而复上，上则邪客脏腑为水而喘。又说：阳明盛则喘而惋，惋则恶人，不卧而息有音，是阳明气不得从其道，所以胃不和而卧不安，且息有音。胀满妨闷，腹属脾络胃，所以病则妨闷，吃食则胀满。如十一月属子，万物气皆藏于中，得后（排便）与气（排气）则快然如衰，是阴气衰而阳气将出。呕，是阳明病气，至则善呕，呕已乃衰，挟寒则呕腥水，挟风则呕甜水，挟湿则呕酸水。哕，是其人旧有寒气，因谷气入胃，上注于肺，寒气与新谷气相攻相并，复出于胃而为干哕。心痛，是气郁胃脘当心而痛。乳痛，是阳明经主乳房。
热盛恶闻炎气（人也厌恶人声），腋肿、口渴、流涎，甚则登高发狂；
发狂逾墙上屋，是阳盛则能升高。经说：阳明之厥，则巅疾欲走呼，腹满不得卧，面赤而热，妄言妄见。
虚证厌恶木音，呵欠叹息、腹响、胫枯，甚则身形弯腰俯偻。
胃，属土，虚则闻木音惕然而惊，闻钟鼓则不动，土恶木喜金。噫，是阴气上走入阳明，阳明络属心，所以说上走心为噫。所以时时心闷，欲食不喜，食来欠伸。腹响，是腹中谷谷作响，便溺难，多寒气。胃阳虚，则阴气上与阳拒，故胫寒或肿或枯，而股不能收。虚寒者，面目俱浮，骨节皆痛，虚甚则筋脉解堕，气不复用，故为身瞤。腰俯，是阳明腰痛不可以顾，顾而有见者善悲。
冷则振寒鼓颔，翻胃吐清水；
阳虚则寒栗鼓颔，又阴气虚而阳气加之，故洒洒振寒。翻胃吐清水不止，是冷败证。
血瘀、鼻衄、肠风，酒瘕、食蛊。
血热或衄或吐。胃风在下，则为肠风下血，在上则为面肿。酒瘕、食瘕、蛊注，皆胃气不行，而瘀血与痰相结而成。
巴豆、大黄立即泻下，石膏、连翘颇凉，
泻用巴豆、大黄、枳壳、芒硝、硝石。凉用石膏、连翘、玉屑、元明粉、滑石、寒水石、白术、石斛、茅根、黄连、黄芩、干葛、天花粉、升麻、紫参、山栀、松脂、竹茹、韭汁。
丁香、豆蔻从温，白术、山药最补。
温用丁香、肉豆蔻、白豆蔻、草豆蔻、良姜、香附、生姜、木香、川芎、藿香、浓朴、益智仁、吴茱萸、辛荑、胡椒、香薷。补用白术、山药、莲肉、芡实、山楂、陈皮、扁豆、麦芽、神曲、滑石、黄芪、半夏、百合、苍术。
水谷荣卫，脾胃相通；
胃为水谷之海，脾为消化之器，水入于经，其血乃成，谷入于胃，脉道乃行。故血不可不养，卫不可不温。血温卫和，荣卫通行，天命常有。
春实秋虚，阴阳逆忤。
脾为阴，胃为阳，阳脉上行，阴脉下行，阳脉从外，阴脉从内。春夏阳明为实为从，太阴为虚为逆；秋冬太阴为实为从，阳明为虚为逆，此脾胃病，常相更迭而不定也。
肺系喉管，而为气之宗；
肺系有二；一系上通喉咙，其中与心系相通。肺之系者，自膈正中微近左胁，居胃之上，并胃胞络及胃脘相连，贯膈与心肺相通，膈膜相缀也。一系自心入于肺两大叶之间，曲折向后，并脊膂细络相连，贯通脊髓，而与肾系相通。肾纳气，肺主气，肺主行荣卫，为相傅之官，治节出焉，为气之本也。相傅，如今之尚书。
形似人肩，而为脏之盖。
形似人肩，又如磬悬于五脏之上，而为脏之华盖。
三斤三两，空空相通，六叶两耳，脉脉朝会。
重三斤三两，六叶两耳，共八叶，下无窍，叶中有二十四空，行列分布诸脏清浊之气。脉气流经，经气归肺，肺朝百脉，输精于皮毛。毛脉合精，行气于腑，腑精神明，留于四脏，气归于权衡，权衡以平，气口成寸，以决死生。
义配于心，
肺在德为义，心为礼，肝为仁，脾为信，肾为智，然皆统于心也。
卦象乎兑。
肺在卦象兑。又曰肺气通而象干，心象离，肝象震，脾象坤，肾象坎，胆象巽，胃象艮。以外象言之，则干为左脚，坎为外肾，艮为右脚，震为右身，巽为右手，离为头顶，坤为左手，兑为左身。然人禀两仪而生，配合八卦，大概如此。其实一气流行，每子时自左脚心涌泉穴起，阳循左足腹胁手，而上至头顶囟门午位而止。午时自顶门循右手胁腹足，而下至右脚心而止。是坎离为阴阳消息，故后天图独言之。
谷稻畜马，魄藏于中；
稻色白，为肺之谷。马善斗象金，为肺之畜。并精出入谓之魄，乃精气之匡佐也。肺藏魄，肝藏魂，魂乃阳之精，魄乃阴之精。阳动而阴静，魂游而魄守，阴阳相济，魂魄相守。魂不游而魄不守，阴阳俱丧。魄不收而魂枯，阳亦消亡，阴阳宜常相济。故叔和云∶魂将魄共连。凡人之梦寐，皆魂魄合而成者也。肺热则梦美女相根据，或兵戈相竞；虚则梦涉水田。
合皮荣毛，鼻应于外。
肺主皮毛，上荣于眉，开窍于鼻。白色。小理者肺小，肺小则少饮，不病喘咳；粗理者肺大，肺大则多饮，善病胸痹，喉痹逆气。巨肩反膺陷喉者肺高，肺高则上气肩息咳；合腋张胁者肺下，肺下则居贲迫肺，善
Yes. If urination is obstructed, it is because the Liver meridian traverses the genitalia, passes upward through the diaphragm and connects with related areas; thus, distension occurs and urination becomes impossible. A sensation of dryness and heat arises from fire pathogenic factors in the Gallbladder. The Gallbladder combines with the Bladder, and its essence nourishes the hair upwards; when Wind pathogen is abundant, the hair becomes scorched and dry. Exhaustion of sweat leads to withering; a body and complexion dull as if covered in dust indicates that Qi stagnation causes涩 (sluggishness) in the pathways of Ying (Nutrient) and Wei (Defensive) energies.
Wind pathogen attacking the head, eyebrows, eyes, and ears often leads to facial deformities, or epilepsy with foaming at the mouth and bitter taste.
The Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) meridian ascends to the corner of the head, descends behind the ear, and follows the neck. When Wind pathogen attacks upwards, it causes headache, drooping eyebrows, sudden deafness, and red, swollen eyes. Severe Wind leads to convulsions and epilepsy; mild cases involve frequent vomiting of yellow fluid and a bitter taste in the mouth.
Heat obstruction causes Bi Yuan (nasal sinusitis), pharyngeal swelling, abnormal eating habits, and difficulty walking due to flaccidity:
The Gallbladder meridian passes through the gate of the pharynx; thus, heat obstruction generates sores and swelling. "Shi Yi" (Rapid Digestion) refers to stomach heat transferring to the Gallbladder, where food enters and is rapidly metabolized without transforming into muscle and flesh; "Yi" means change. "Wei" (Flaccidity) refers to the inability to sit up or stand due to heat contracting the sinews. The divergent branch of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder meridian is named Guangming (Brightness), located five cun above the lateral malleolus, and is therefore used for treatment.
Weakness, timidity, dizziness, tearing, insomnia, and excessive fear, feeling as if being pursued.
Indecisiveness depletes Gallbladder Qi, causing tears to overflow. Tears are of the same category. The Gallbladder receives Water Qi, corresponding to the Kan trigram, just as the eyes belong to Water. When the heart is sad, water is boiled by Fire, Yin follows Yang, hence tears flow during sorrow. Elderly people have scarce gallbladder juice; they cry without tears but laugh with tears, indicating excess Fire and deficient Water. Thus, those with Gallbladder Heat also tear. Excess Heat causes somnolence, while deficiency causes insomnia. Sleeping alone leaves the Spirit unattached, increasing fright and anxiety, sighing frequently, fearing capture, or dreaming of fine grass.
Cold intolerance, aversion to vegetables (or acid regurgitation), pain and stifling in the left hypochondrium: Blood stasis forms goiters; "Ma Dao" (Horse Knife) and lymphadenopathy occur in the axillae and supraclavicular fossa (pathways of the Gallbladder). Tonification uses Huhuanglian (Scutellaria Barbata), Gancao (Licorice), Longdancao (Gentian), Mutong (Akebia); Purging uses Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel), Chaihu (Bupleurum), Huanglian (Coptis); Warming uses Jupi (Tangerine Peel), Banxia (Pinellia), Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger), Chuanxiong (Ligusticum); Cooling uses Huanglian (Coptis), Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings), Chaihu (Bupleurum).
Upright and decisive, judgment stems from within.
The Gallbladder is born of Metal; Metal governs martial prowess, so the Gallbladder is the Official of Uprightness, from which judgment arises. One endowed with firmness, decisiveness, integrity, and selflessness possesses correct Gallbladder Qi.
Strengthening the Gallbladder and calming the Spirit requires medicinal aids.
For those constitutionally timid, Shen Zao Wan (Ginseng and Jujube Pill) or Zhuque Wan (Vermilion Bird Pill) can supplement and perfect Gallbladder Qi.
The Spleen guards the Central Yellow Court, grinding food and drink to nourish the four Zang organs.
"Yellow" is the color of the Spleen; "Court" refers to the center. The Spleen is located one cun two fen below Zhongwan, three cun six fen below the Heart, and three cun six fen above the Kidneys, in the central region called the Huang Ting. In Heaven it corresponds to Taiyang, on Earth to Taiyin, and in Humans to the Central Yellow Ancestral Qi. Strong Spleen Qi grinds and digests food and drink to nourish the other four Zang organs.
Its function includes remonstrance, eliminating hardness to assist the Heart Monarch.
The Spleen is the Official of Granaries, from which the five flavors emerge. Food and drink are great human desires; for cold, raw, or hard foods, if the Heart desires them but the Spleen cannot transform them, one dare not eat. Thus, it is also called the Official of Remonstrance. Misconsumption retains pathogens damaging the form, worse than damaging Qi.
Regulating the middle Qi, distributing essences to the body and face.
Located in the middle, the Spleen harmonizes the four images, regulates the five Qi, and distributes grain essences to moisten the body and make facial muscles smooth. Strong Spleen Qi yields full buttocks; Spleen exhaustion leads to wasting of the gluteal muscles.
Corresponds to the eyebrows above, nourishing the lips.
Spleen Spirit connects to the area between the eyebrows, one cun inside Mingtang point. The Spleen envelops blood and stores Ying (Nutrient) essence, connecting to the mouth to perceive flavors, with its luster manifesting in the lips (yellow color). Fine texture indicates small Spleen, which keeps organs safe from pathogens; coarse texture indicates large Spleen, prone to pain and slow movement. Upturned lips indicate high Spleen, pulling the costal margin; hanging lips indicate low Spleen, making the Large Intestine susceptible to pathogens. Firm lips indicate solid Spleen; loose lips indicate fragile Spleen, prone to Xiao Du (wasting-thirst) and injury. Good lip shape indicates upright Spleen; deviated lips indicate tilted Spleen, prone to distension.
Shape like a horse's hoof, three cun wide and five cun long.
Flat shape resembling a horse's hoof or a sickle.
Membranous connection to the Stomach, weighing two jin three liang, plus half a jin of San Gao (loose pancreas).
The Spleen has major collaterals originating from the center below the diaphragm, attaching slightly to the left hypochondrium above the Stomach. It attaches to the Stomach's envelope. The Stomach's envelope is above the Spleen, parallel to the Stomach, with interconnected networks and fat distribution. Two systems exist: the upper penetrates the diaphragm into the Lungs, running alongside the Lung system posteriorly, ending at the pharyngeal gate. Below the pharynx is the gastric cavity; below that is the upper opening of the Stomach, called Benmen (Gate of Entry). Food and drink enter here; the Stomach sends Qi to the Lungs. Between the gate and diaphragm membrane lies fat. Refined food passes from the Stomach to the Small Intestine via Youmen (Pylorus). San Gao wraps blood and governs vessel networks of all organs.
Qi pain, distension, edema, eventually forming a mass near the right umbilicus.
Qi stagnation causes abdominal pain, distension, and edema. Pi (mass) denotes blockage. The Spleen accumulation is named Pi Qi, located in the epigastrium, size of an inverted cup. Acquired on Ren/Gui days in winter: Liver disease transmits to Spleen; Spleen should transmit to Kidney. But Kidney is prosperous in winter and resists pathogen. Spleen tries to return pathogen to Liver, which refuses, so it remains as an accumulation. Prolonged cases cause limb weakness, jaundice, or Xiao Zhong (middle wasting), where food fails to build flesh.
Wind retention causes paralysis and muscle twitching; mild cases show sluggish limbs.
Mild lethargy or severe paralysis results from failure of Spleen Essence and Yin pathway obstruction, leaving sinews and muscles devoid of Qi. Flesh belongs to the Spleen; Wind-Damp invasion prevents Wei Qi from nourishing muscles, causing twitching or numbness, termed Rou Wei (Flesh Flaccidity). Classics state: Rou Wei arises from damp places; Spleen Heat causes yellow complexion and twitching.
Rich/fatty foods cause heat flare-up, oral ulcers, stiff tongue, middle wasting, and jaundice.
Dry lips, oral ulcers, and stiff tongue result from rich foods. Fat makes pores tight, trapping Yang heat internally. Sweetness is mild but causes internal fullness. Internal heat rises, causing thirst; internal fullness causes Spleen Qi to overflow, leading to Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst). Spleen Heat leaks Stomach fluids, causing dryness. Jaundice indicates severe Damp-Heat.
Alcohol and sexual excess cause emaciation, joint laxity, dysentery, vomiting, diarrhea, and tetany.
Spleen deficiency causes dreams of food; extreme deficiency causes dreams of taking; excess causes dreams of giving. Wine fills collaterals but empties meridians; Yin deficiency allows Yang to invade, disrupting Stomach harmony. The anterior yin combines Taiyin and Yangming; Stomach disharmony exhausts essence, starving limbs. Post-coital drunkenness traps Qi in the Spleen; wine and grain Qi clash, generating internal heat and dark urine. Emaciation despite eating indicates Large Intestine heat transferring to Stomach (Shi Yi). Joint laxity involves the Da Bao collateral (three cun below axilla); excess causes body pain, deficiency causes lax joints. These fifteen collaterals manifest in excess and sink in deficiency. Dysentery results from Kidney deficiency failing to control water, transferring heat to Spleen; if Qi cannot be retained after dysentery ceases, death ensues. Vomiting/diarrhea with tetany is Wind injuring Spleen, Wood overacting on Earth.
Blood masses cause fatigue lying or standing; blood stasis forms masses, causing stiffness, sleepiness, or insomnia.
Cold hands/feet require differentiation of phlegm-fluids.
Cold hands/feet without thirst indicate Cold Phlegm obstruction; treat with warming and dispersing methods.
Tonify with Renshen (Ginseng), Fuling (Poria), Baizhu (Atractylodes), Gancao (Licorice), Cangzhu, Chenpi, Banxia, Lianrou, Qianshi, Shanzha, Bian Dou, Maiya, Huashi, Shanyao, Baishao, Ganjiang, Dafupi, Shengma, Chaihu, Zhike, Huangqi.
Purge with Badou (Croton), Sanleng (Sparganium), Zhike, Chishao, Tinglizi, Sangbaipi, Qingpi, Biejia.
Cool with Zhizi (Gardenia), Huanglian (Coptis), Huashi (Pyrophyllite), Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn), Lianqiao (Forsythia), Shengma, Zexie, Weirui (Polygonatum), Xianlingpi (Epimedium).
Warm with Xiangfu (Cyperus), Sharen (Amomum), Ganjiang, Shengjiang, Muxiang (Aucklandia), Rougui (Cinnamon Bark), Roudoukou (Nutmeg), Chuanxiong, Yizhiren (Alpinia), Wuzhuyu (Evodia), Dingxiang (Clove), Huoxiang (Patchouli), Hujiao (Pepper), Fuzi (Aconite), Liangjiang (Galangal), Hongdoukou.
Beans, chestnuts, purslane, and pork suit Spleen diseases. Soy, pork, chestnut, and purslane are salty, suitable for Spleen.
Diet, song, and music nourish the True Yuan.
Spleen disease stems from dietary/labor overwork causing deficiency, allowing pathogens in. Diet is essential but must be regulated; song/music stimulates Spleen Qi to nourish True Yuan.
Stomach is called Tai Cang (Great Granary), commonly known as the belly.
It contains nothing it cannot hold, like a warehouse.
It opens to the pharynx/esophagus to receive swallowed items; curves to connect to the Small Intestine to transmit digested matter. Capacity: 3.5 dou; retention: similar.
It holds 3.5 sheng of food/water; typically retains 2 dou grain and 1.5 dou water. Normal persons defecate twice daily, 2.5 sheng each time, totaling 5 sheng/day. Seven days exhaust 3.5 dou. Hence, seven days without food/water leads to death due to exhaustion of fluids.
Length: 2.6 chi; diameter: 1.5 cun. Circumference: 5 cun; weight: 2 jin 14 liang.
Form verified by abdominal flesh, varying in thickness.
Abdominal flesh reflects Stomach condition: firm/large flesh = thick Stomach wall; thin/small flesh = thin wall; flesh mismatching body = low Stomach position (poor lower sphincter function); soft flesh = relaxed Stomach; no granular texture = urgent Stomach; granular texture = knotted Stomach (poor upper sphincter function).
Qi connects to the mouth; pulse at the wrist governs it.
Five flavors enter the Stomach to nourish Zang Qi; the Qi Kou (Radial artery) is also Taiyin. All organ flavors derive from the Stomach and manifest at Qi Kou. Located behind the thenar eminence, it reflects Hand-Taiyin Qi.
Clear Qi ascends, Turbid Qi descends; source of Six Fu organs. Food digestion and fluid metabolism ensure Zang organ harmony.
Ascending Clear Qi and descending Turbid Qi prevent disease. The Stomach generates Yang Qi, serving as the source of the Six Fu organs.
Ah! Within the most turbid lies the purest.
Wind striking mouth/throat causes bi syndrome, neck sweating, chest oppression, abdominal distension, yellow eyes, and tearing.
Stomach meridian starts at nose, crosses forehead, follows nose side, enters teeth, circles lips, meets Chengjiang, follows jaw to Renying, down throat to Quepen, under breast/diaphragm, along abdomen to Qichong. Symptoms follow this path. *Neijing* states: Stomach Wind causes neck sweating, aversion to wind, dysphagia, chest obstruction, abdominal fullness, bloating when fasting, diarrhea with cold food, thin body with big belly. Yellow eyes in fat people result from trapped heat steaming upward. Tearing in thin people results from open pores allowing Wind out, causing cold and tearing.
Qi reversal causes asthma, inability to lie flat, post-prandial distension, nausea, hiccups, heart pain, or breast pain.
Upper asthma involves Yin Qi rising, pathogen affecting organs causing fluid retention. Yangming excess causes panting, aversion to people, insomnia, and noisy breathing due to blocked Qi flow. Distension affects the abdomen (Spleen/Stomach network); eating worsens it. Relief after bowel movement/qi passage indicates declining Yin and emerging Yang. Vomiting is Yangming pathology; cold causes fishy vomit, wind causes sweet vomit, dampness causes sour vomit. Hiccups arise from old Cold clashing with new Grain Qi, exiting the Stomach. Heart pain is Qi stagnation in the epigastrium. Breast pain relates to Yangming meridian.
Heat causes aversion to noise/stress, axillary swelling, thirst, salivation, climbing walls, or mania.
Mania and climbing result from excess Yang. Classics state: Yangming jue causes head disease, running/crying, abdominal fullness, insomnia, red face, hallucinations.
Deficiency causes aversion to wood sounds, yawning, abdominal rumbling, thin calves, bending posture.
Stomach is Earth; deficiency fears Wood sounds (gongs/drums) but not metal. Yawning occurs when Yin Qi enters Yangming and connects to the Heart, causing胸闷 (chest stuffiness) and lack of appetite. Abdominal rumbling indicates cold and difficult urination. Stomach Yang deficiency causes cold/swollen/thin calves and weak thighs. Deficient Cold causes floating face/joints and pain; severe deficiency causes sinew relaxation and body tremors. Lumbar bending involves Yangming back pain and sadness.
Cold causes chills, jaw quivering, reverse vomiting of clear fluid.
Yang deficiency causes chills; Yin deficiency with Yang invasion causes shivering. Reverse vomiting of clear fluid indicates Cold collapse.
Blood stasis, epistaxis, intestinal wind, alcohol masses, food parasites.
Heat causes bleeding/vomiting. Lower Stomach Wind causes intestinal bleeding; upper causes facial swelling. Alcohol/food masses and parasites result from Stomach Qi stagnation binding blood and phlegm.
Badou and Dahuang purge immediately; Shigao and Lianqiao cool significantly.
Purge with Badou, Dahuang, Zhike, Mangxiao, Xiaoshi. Cool with Shigao, Lianqiao, Yuxie, Yuanmingfen, Huashi, Hanshuishi, Baizhu, Shihu, Maogen, Huanglian, Huangqin, Ge Gen, Tianhuafen, Shengma, Zishen, Zhizi, Songzhi, Zhuru, Jiuzhi.
Dingxiang and Doukou warm; Baizhu and Shanyao tonify most.
Warm with Dingxiang, Roudoukou, Baidoukou, Caodoukou, Liangjiang, Xiangfu, Shengjiang, Muxiang, Chuanxiong, Huoxiang, Houpo, Yizhiren, Wuzhuyu, Xinyi, Hujiao, Xiangru. Tonify with Baizhu, Shanyao, Lianrou, Qianshi, Shanzha, Chenpi, Bian Dou, Maiya, Shenqu, Huashi, Huangqi, Banxia, Baihe, Cangzhu.
Water and Grain, Ying and Wei; Spleen and Stomach communicate.
Stomach is the Sea of Water and Grain; Spleen is the digestive organ. Water enters meridians to form blood; Grain enters Stomach to activate vessels. Blood must be nourished; Wei must be warmed. Harmonious Ying and Wei sustain life.
Spring/Summer excess, Autumn/Winter deficiency; Yin/Yang conflict.
Spleen is Yin, Stomach is Yang. Yang meridians ascend externally; Yin meridians descend internally. Spring/Summer: Yangming excess is normal, Taiyin deficiency is adverse. Autumn/Winter: Taiyin excess is normal, Yangming deficiency is adverse. Spleen/Stomach diseases alternate unpredictably.
Lung system connects to the throat, master of Qi.
Two Lung systems: one connects to throat and Heart; originates below diaphragm, left of stomach, passing through diaphragm to Heart/Lungs. The other enters between Lung lobes, connects to spine/spinal cord, and links to Kidney system. Kidneys store Qi; Lungs govern Qi, circulate Ying/Wei, act as Minister Official regulating physiology, serving as Qi root. Minister Official resembles modern Secretary.
Shape like human shoulders, covering the Zang organs.
Shoulder-shaped, hanging above Zang organs like a canopy (Hua Gai).
Three jin three liang, hollow and connected, six lobes two ears, pulses converge.
Weight: 3 jin 3 liang. Eight lobes total, no lower opening. Twenty-four cavities distribute clear/turbid Qi from organs. Pulse Qi returns to Lungs; Lungs govern all vessels, transmitting essence to skin/hair. Hair and pulse essence combine, circulating Qi to Fu organs, then to Zang organs. Qi balances at the radial artery (Qi Kou), determining life/death.
Righteousness corresponds to Heart.
Lung virtue is Righteousness; Heart is Propriety; Liver is Benevolence; Spleen is Trustworthiness; Kidney is Wisdom. All governed by Heart.
Trigram image is Dui.
Lung corresponds to Dui. Also, Lung-Qi matches Qian; Heart-Li; Liver-Zhen; Spleen-Kun; Kidney-Kan; Gallbladder-Xun; Stomgen-Gen. External images: Qian=Left Foot; Kan=External Kidney; Gen=Right Foot; Zhen=Right Body; Xun=Right Hand; Li=Head; Kun=Left Hand; Dui=Left Body. Human birth follows Yin-Yang and Eight Trigrams. Qi flows: Zi hour starts at Yongquan (left foot), Yang moves left leg/abdomen/chest/hand to head (Wu position). Wu hour moves from head right arm/abdomen/leg to right foot. Kan/Li represent Yin/Yang waxing/waning, explained in Later Heaven diagram.
Grain Rice, Animal Horse, Po resides within.
Rice is white, Lung grain. Horse fights like Metal, Lung animal. Po emerges with essence, assisting Jing-Qi. Lungs store Po; Liver stores Hun. Hun is Yang essence (active/wandering); Po is Yin essence (static/guarding). Yin-Yang balance maintains Hun-Po unity. Imbalance leads to loss. Dreaming of beauties/battles indicates Lung Heat; dreaming of wading fields indicates deficiency.
Skin/Hair/Nose correspond externally.
Lungs govern skin/hair, nourish eyebrows, open to nose. White color. Fine texture = small Lungs (less drinking, no asthma); coarse texture = large Lungs (more drinking, chest bi, throat bi, rebellious Qi). Broad shoulders, reversed chest, sunken throat = high Lungs (upper Qi, shoulder breathing, cough). Folded axillae, spread ribs = low Lungs (pressing on Benmen, compressing Lungs).