胃司纳食，主乎通降。其何以不降而反上逆？呕吐者多由肝气冲逆，阻胃之降而然也。
故《灵枢》经脉篇云∶足厥阴所生病者，胸满呕逆。况五行生克，木动必犯土，胃病治肝，隔一
之治也。凡呕吐青黑，必系胃底肠中逆泻而出。
干呕（即哕）有声吐有物，声物兼有吐斯实。吐轻呕重干呕凶，呕乃渐出吐频出。不呕
不吐为恶心，总是胃虚不能食。胃中有火膈有痰，降火调气治痰适。平胃散可加减投，橘半
竹茹汤亦得。烦渴脉若洪数来，黄芩竹茹山栀该。吐水冷涎沉迟脉，干姜肉桂吴萸偕。呕吐
痰沫脉洪滑，南星苓术门冬裁。水停心下声 ，茯苓泽泻猪苓入。饱闷作酸暖气升，食伤
麦曲槟榔及。及病不食脉细微，茯苓人参与白术。酒伤白蔻泻葛（花）添，伤风合用紫苏葛（根）。
痰饮呕吐都是浊阴所化，阳气不振，势必再炽。仲景以温药和之。
肝犯胃
温胆汤 陈皮 半夏 茯苓 甘草 枳实 竹茹 合左金丸 川连 吴萸 安胃丸
旋复代赭石汤 旋复花 代赭石 人参 半夏 甘草 生姜 大枣
厥阴浊逆 治法同上。
胃阳虚浊阴上逆
白术 川朴 益智 半夏 茯苓 姜汁
苓姜术桂汤 加川朴 川椒 黄连 附子 粳米
中阳虚
人参 附子 半夏 砂仁 干姜 白术 炙草 茯苓 川椒 大枣
阳虚吸受秽浊气
人参 木香 广藿 川朴 广皮 丁香 茯苓 煨姜 砂仁 肉果 益智
肝肾虚，冲脉气动
苁蓉 上肉桂 沙蒺藜 茯苓 杞子 鹿角霜 当归身
呕伤胃中，邪热劫津
温胆汤去甘草加山栀、豆豉、姜汁。
邪热内结
半夏泻心汤去姜枣，加枳实、山栀、杏仁、姜汁。
暑减内结 治法同上
肝火刑金
桑皮 丹皮 苏子 山栀 枇杷叶 郁金 栝蒌 橘红 杏仁 竹沥 沙参 麦冬 豆豉
温热结于厥阴（身热肢冷，神昏呕吐，厥逆险症）
川连 半夏 干姜 山楂 滑石 石菖蒲 黄芩 枳实 广皮 竹心 连翘 绿豆
皮
痰涎呃逆，续呕黑汁倾囊（危症，此由胃底肠中浑淆而出）
真西甘草四两，熬浓服之，呃停呕止可救。
吐蛔（蛔与蛔通。古人以狐惑虫厥都是胃虚少谷之故，仲景之蛔虫厥都从惊恐得之）
延胡 芦荟 吴萸 枳实 茯苓 人参 细辛 红枣 安胃丸 半夏泻心汤 理中
汤加栝蒌 香附 川椒 旋复代赭汤加白芍 附子
胃负责受纳食物，主要功能在于通畅和下降。为什么胃气不降反而上逆呢？呕吐大多是由肝气冲逆，阻碍了胃气的下降所致。
所以《灵枢》经脉篇说：足厥阴肝经所发生的疾病，包括胸满、呕吐逆气。况且五行生克关系中，木（肝）动必侵犯土（脾/胃），治疗胃病而兼顾肝脏，这是“隔一之治”的方法。凡是呕吐物呈青黑色，必定是胃底或肠道中的浊气逆乱泻出所致。
干呕（即哕）只有声音没有实物吐出；有实物吐出称为吐；既有声音又有实物吐出为实症。轻者为呕，重者为干呕（注：原文此处逻辑似有倒置或特定语境，通常干呕指有声无物，呕指有声有物，吐指有物无声或声少，但依原文直译：干呕凶险，呕渐出，吐频出）。不呕也不吐称为恶心，这总是因为胃虚不能进食。如果胃中有火、膈间有痰，应当降火、调气、治痰。平胃散可以加减使用，橘半竹茹汤也可以选用。如果出现烦渴、脉象洪数，应使用黄芩、竹茹、山栀。如果呕吐冷涎、脉象沉迟，应配合干姜、肉桂、吴茱萸。如果呕吐痰沫、脉象洪滑，应使用南星、茯苓、白术、麦冬裁减配伍。如果水饮停聚在心下，声音辘辘，应加入茯苓、泽泻、猪苓。如果饱闷、泛酸、嗳气上升，属于食伤，应使用麦芽、神曲、槟榔。如果患病不想进食、脉象细微，应使用茯苓、人参、白术。如果是酒伤，应加白蔻、葛花；如果是伤风，应合用紫苏、葛根。
痰饮呕吐都是浊阴所化生的，阳气不振，势必导致邪热再炽盛。张仲景主张用温药调和它。
肝犯胃证：
温胆汤：陈皮、半夏、茯苓、甘草、枳实、竹茹。
合左金丸：川黄连、吴茱萸。
安胃丸。
旋复代赭石汤：旋复花、代赭石、人参、半夏、甘草、生姜、大枣。
厥阴浊逆证：治法同上。
胃阳虚，浊阴上逆证：
白术、厚朴、益智仁、半夏、茯苓、姜汁。
苓姜术桂汤：加厚朴、川椒、黄连、附子、粳米。
中阳虚证：
人参、附子、半夏、砂仁、干姜、白术、炙甘草、茯苓、川椒、大枣。
阳虚吸受秽浊气证：
人参、木香、广藿香、厚朴、广陈皮、丁香、茯苓、煨姜、砂仁、肉果（肉豆蔻）、益智仁。
肝肾虚，冲脉气动证：
肉苁蓉、上肉桂、沙蒺藜、茯苓、枸杞子、鹿角霜、当归身。
呕吐损伤胃中，邪热劫伤津液证：
温胆汤去掉甘草，加入山栀、豆豉、姜汁。
邪热内结证：
半夏泻心汤去掉生姜、大枣，加入枳实、山栀、杏仁、姜汁。
暑湿内结证：治法同上。
肝火刑金证：
桑白皮、丹皮、苏子、山栀、枇杷叶、郁金、栝蒌、橘红、杏仁、竹沥、沙参、麦冬、豆豉。
温热结于厥阴证（症状：身热肢冷，神昏呕吐，厥逆危重症）：
川黄连、半夏、干姜、山楂、滑石、石菖蒲、黄芩、枳实、广陈皮、竹心、连翘、绿豆皮。
痰涎呃逆，随后呕吐黑汁倾囊而出（危症，这是由于胃底与肠道浑浊之物混杂而出）：
真西甘草四两，熬成浓汁服用，呃逆停止、呕吐止住即可救治。
吐蛔虫证（蛔与蚘通。古人认为狐惑病、蛔厥都是由于胃虚缺少谷气所致，张仲景所说的蛔虫厥逆多因惊恐引起）：
延胡索、芦荟、吴茱萸、枳实、茯苓、人参、细辛、红枣、安胃丸、半夏泻心汤、理中汤加栝蒌、香附、川椒、旋复代赭汤加白芍、附子。
The Stomach is responsible for receiving food, and its primary function lies in smooth descent. Why does the Qi fail to descend and instead rebel upward? Vomiting is mostly caused by Liver Qi rebelling upward, obstructing the Stomach's descent.
Therefore, the *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot) chapter on Meridians states: Diseases occurring in the Foot Jueyin (Liver) meridian include chest fullness and vomiting with rebellious Qi. Furthermore, according to the generation and restriction cycles of the Five Elements, when Wood moves, it must invade Earth; treating Stomach disease by addressing the Liver is a "treatment across one organ" method. Whenever green or black vomitus occurs, it must be due to turbid Qi from the bottom of the Stomach or intestines flowing out in rebellion.
Dry retching (i.e., hiccups/eupnea) produces sound without ejecting matter; vomiting (Ou) involves ejection of matter; having both sound and matter constitutes an excess syndrome. Mild cases are termed Ou, severe cases are dry retching (Xian), gradual ejection is Ou, frequent ejection is Tu. Neither vomiting nor retching but feeling nauseous indicates always that Stomach deficiency prevents eating. If there is Fire in the Stomach and Phlegm in the Diaphragm, one should clear Fire, regulate Qi, and treat Phlegm appropriately. Pingwei San can be administered with modifications; Ju Ban Zhu Ru Tang is also suitable. If there is irritability, thirst, and a surging, rapid pulse, Huang Qin, Zhu Ru, and Shan Zhi should be used. If cold saliva is vomited and the pulse is deep and slow, Gan Jiang, Rou Gui, and Wu Yu should be combined. If phlegm-foam is vomited and the pulse is surging and slippery, Nan Xing, Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, and Mai Dong should be tailored. If water retention exists beneath the Heart causing gurgling sounds, Fu Ling, Ze Xie, and Zhu Ling should be added. If fullness, acid regurgitation, and belching rise, indicating food injury, Mai Ya, Shen Qu, and Bing Lang should be used. If illness leads to anorexia and a fine, subtle pulse, Fu Ling, Ren Shen, and Bai Zhu should be used. For alcohol injury, Bai Kou and Ge Hua should be added; for wind-cold injury, Zi Su and Ge Gen should be combined.
Phlegm-fluid vomiting is all transformed from turbid Yin; if Yang Qi is not vigorous, evil heat will inevitably flare up again. Zhang Zhongjing advocated harmonizing it with warm medicines.
Liver invading the Stomach pattern:
Wendan Tang: Chen Pi, Ban Xia, Fu Ling, Gan Cao, Zhi Shi, Zhu Ru.
Combined with Zuojin Wan: Chuan Lian, Wu Yu.
Anwei Wan.
Xuanfu Daizhe Shi Tang: Xuan Fu Hua, Dai Zhe Shi, Ren Shen, Ban Xia, Gan Cao, Sheng Jiang, Da Zao.
Jueyin turbid rebellion pattern: Treatment method as above.
Stomach Yang deficiency with turbid Yin rebellion:
Bai Zhu, Hou Po, Yi Zhi, Ban Xia, Fu Ling, Jiang Zhi.
Ling Jiang Zhu Gui Tang: Add Hou Po, Chuan Jiao, Huang Lian, Fu Zi, Jing Mi.
Middle Yang deficiency:
Ren Shen, Fu Zi, Ban Xia, Sha Ren, Gan Jiang, Bai Zhu, Zhi Cao, Fu Ling, Chuan Jiao, Da Zao.
Yang deficiency with inhalation of foul turbid Qi:
Ren Shen, Mu Xiang, Guang Huo, Hou Po, Guang Pi, Ding Xiang, Fu Ling, Wei Jiang, Sha Ren, Rou Guo, Yi Zhi.
Liver and Kidney deficiency with Chong Mai Qi movement:
Rong Rong, Shang Rou Gui, Sha Ji Li, Fu Ling, Qi Zi, Lu Jiao Shuang, Dang Gui Shen.
Vomiting injuring Stomach fluids, evil heat seizing Jin Ye:
Wendan Tang remove Gan Cao, add Shan Zhi, Dou Chi, Jiang Zhi.
Evil heat internal knotting:
Banxia Xiexin Tang remove Sheng Jiang, Da Zao, add Zhi Shi, Shan Zhi, Xing Ren, Jiang Zhi.
Summerheat-dampness internal knotting: Treatment method as above.
Liver fire punishing Metal:
Sang Pi, Dan Pi, Su Zi, Shan Zhi, Pi Pa Ye, Yu Jin, Gua Lou, Ju Hong, Xing Ren, Zhu Li, Sha Shen, Mai Dong, Dou Chi.
Warmth-heat knotting in Jueyin (Symptoms: body heat with cold limbs, confusion, vomiting, critical condition of Jue Ni):
Chuan Lian, Ban Xia, Gan Jiang, Shan Zha, Hua Shi, Shi Chang Pu, Huang Qin, Zhi Shi, Guang Pi, Zhu Xin, Lian Qiao, Lv Dou Pi.
Phlegm-saliva hiccups, followed by vomiting black fluid pouring out like a bag (Critical condition, this is due to chaotic mixture from the bottom of the Stomach and intestines):
Zhen Xi Gan Cao four liang, decocted into a thick liquid and taken orally; if hiccups stop and vomiting ceases, rescue is possible.
Vomiting roundworms (Hui is interchangeable with You. Ancients believed that Huhuo disease and Hui Jue were due to Stomach deficiency and lack of grain; Zhang Zhongjing's Hui Jue was mostly obtained from fright).
Yan Hu, Lu Hui, Wu Yu, Zhi Shi, Fu Ling, Ren Shen, Xi Xin, Hong Zao, Anwei Wan, Banxia Xiexin Tang, Lizhong Tang add Gua Lou, Xiang Fu, Chuan Jiao, Xuanfu Daizhe Tang add Bai Shao, Fu Zi.