（东垣）
治饮食伤胃，劳倦伤脾，火邪乘之，而生大热，右关脉缓弱，或弦、或浮数（右关缓弱，
脾虚
下
矣
黄 苍术（泔浸，炒） 甘草（炙） 羌活（一两） 升麻（八钱） 柴胡（两半） 黄
连（酒
服三钱或五钱
此足太阴、阳明、少阳药也。柴胡、升麻、羌活，助阳益胃以升清气；人参、苍术、黄
、甘草，益气除湿以补脾胃；黄芩、黄连、石膏，凉心清胃以泻阴火（李东垣曰∶胃乃脾
之刚，脾乃胃之柔。饮食不节，则胃先病，脾无所禀而后病；劳倦则脾先病，不能为胃行气
而后病；胃为十二经之海，脾胃既虚，十二经之邪不一而出；假令不能食而肌肉削，此本病
也；右关脉缓而弱，本脉也；或本脉中兼见弦脉，证中或见四肢满闷、淋溲、便难、转筋一
二证，此肝之脾胃病也，当加风药以泻之。脉中兼见洪大，证中或见肌热、烦热、面赤、肉
消一二证，此心之脾胃病也，当加泻心火之药。脉中兼见浮涩，证中或见短气，气上喘嗽、
痰盛、皮涩一二证，此肺之脾胃病也，当加泻肺及补气之药。脉中兼见沉细，证中或见善欠、
善恐一二证，此肾之脾胃病也，当加泻肾水之浮，及泻阴火之药。所以言此者，欲人知百病
皆从脾胃生
治肺虚咳嗽（有声无痰曰咳，盖伤于肺气；有痰无声曰嗽，盖动于脾湿也；有声有痰曰
咳嗽。有因风、因火、因痰、因湿、因食、因虚之异。此为肺虚不能生肾水，水不制火，虚
火上炎
久嗽
人参 黄 （蜜炙） 五味子（炒） 紫菀（一钱） 桑白皮（蜜炙） 熟地黄（二钱。）
入蜜少
此手太阴、足少阴药也。肺虚而用参 者，脾为肺母，气为水母也（虚则补其母）；用
熟地者，肾为肺子，子虚必盗母气以自养，故用肾药先滋其水，且熟地亦化痰之妙品也（丹
溪曰∶补水以制相火，其痰自除）；咳则气伤，五味酸温，能敛肺气；咳由火盛，桑皮甘寒，
能泻肺火；紫菀辛能润肺，温能补虚。合之而名曰补肺，盖金旺水生，咳嗽自止矣（此治肺
虚咳嗽，若实火咳者禁用。刘宗浓曰∶因劳而嗽，则非嗽为本也，故此汤与《金匮》肾气丸
为少阴例药。《仁斋直指》曰∶肺出气也，肾纳气也，肺为气主，肾为气本。凡咳嗽暴重，
自觉气从脐下逆上者，此肾虚不能收气归元，当用地黄丸、安肾丸，毋徒从事于肺，此虚则
补子之义也。《医贯》曰∶五行惟肺肾二脏，母病而子受邪。何则，肺主气，肺有热，气得
热而上蒸，不能下生于肾，而肾受伤矣；肾伤则肺益病；盖母藏子宫，子隐母胎，凡人肺金
之气，夜卧则归藏于肾水之中，因肺受心火之邪，欲下避水中，而肾水干枯，火无可容之地，
因是复上而
（李东垣）
治疗因饮食损伤胃腑，劳累过度损伤脾脏，火热邪气趁虚侵袭，从而产生大热症状，脉象表现为右关部缓弱，或者呈现弦脉、浮数脉。
方药组成：黄芩、苍术（用米泔水浸泡后炒制）、甘草（炙烤）、羌活（一两）、升麻（八钱）、柴胡（一两半）、黄连（酒浸）、石膏。以上药物捣碎成粗末，每次服用三钱或五钱，加水煎煮后温服。
这是足太阴脾经、足阳明胃经、足少阳胆经的药物。柴胡、升麻、羌活，辅助阳气、益养胃气以升发清阳之气；人参、苍术、黄芩、甘草，补益元气、祛除湿邪以滋补脾胃；黄芩、黄连、石膏，清泻心火、清理胃热以消除阴火。（李东垣说：胃是脾的刚燥之体，脾是胃的柔润之体。饮食不节制，则胃先发病，脾得不到胃的禀受而后发病；劳累过度则脾先发病，不能为胃运行精气而后发病；胃是十二经脉的海，脾胃既然虚弱，十二经脉的病邪就会不一而足地发作。假如不能进食且肌肉消瘦，这是本病；右关脉缓而弱，是本脉；如果在主脉中兼见弦脉，证候中或出现四肢胀满闷痛、小便淋漓涩痛、大便困难、筋脉拘挛一二个症状，这是肝木乘克脾胃的病，应当加入风药来泻肝邪。脉象中兼见洪大，证候中或出现肌表发热、烦热、面红、肌肉消损一二个症状，这是心火乘克脾胃的病，应当加入泻心火的药物。脉象中兼见浮涩，证候中或出现短气、气逆喘咳、痰多、皮肤干燥一二个症状，这是肺金乘克脾胃的病，应当加入泻肺及补气的药物。脉象中兼见沉细，证候中或出现频繁呵欠、恐惧一二个症状，这是肾水乘克脾胃的病，应当加入泻肾水之泛滥，以及泻阴火的药物。之所以说这些，是想让人知道百病皆从脾胃而生。）
治疗肺虚咳嗽（有声无痰称为咳，是因为伤于肺气；有痰无声称为嗽，是因为动于脾湿；有声有痰称为咳嗽。病因有因风、因火、因痰、因湿、因食、因虚的不同。此方适用于肺虚不能生养肾水，导致水不制火，虚火上炎引起的久咳。）
方药组成：人参、黄芪（蜂蜜炙烤）、五味子（炒制）、紫菀（一钱）、桑白皮（蜂蜜炙烤）、熟地黄（二钱）。以上药物切碎，加水煎煮，入少许蜂蜜，温服。
这是手太阴肺经、足少阴肾经的药物。肺虚而用人参、黄芪的原因，是因为脾为肺之母，气为水之母（根据“虚则补其母”的原则）；使用熟地黄的原因，是因为肾为肺之子，子脏虚必会盗取母脏之气来自我滋养，所以先用补肾药滋补肾水，而且熟地黄也是化痰的妙品（朱丹溪说：补水以制约相火，痰自然消除）；咳嗽则气受损，五味子酸温，能收敛肺气；咳嗽由于火盛，桑白皮甘寒，能泻肺火；紫菀辛味能润肺，温性能补虚。合起来命名为补肺汤，因为金旺则水生，咳嗽自然停止（此方治疗肺虚咳嗽，若是实火咳嗽者禁用。刘宗浓说：因劳累而咳嗽，则不仅仅是咳嗽为本病，所以此汤与《金匮要略》中的肾气丸作为少阴病的示例方剂。《仁斋直指方》说：肺主呼气，肾主纳气，肺为气之主，肾为气之本。凡是咳嗽突然加重，自觉气从脐下逆上冲者，这是肾虚不能收纳气归元，应当用地黄丸、安肾丸，不要只专注于治肺，这是“虚则补其子”的道理。《医贯》说：五行之中只有肺肾两脏，母病而子受邪。为什么呢？肺主气，肺有热，气得热而上蒸，不能下生于肾，而肾受伤了；肾受伤则肺更加生病；盖肺藏子宫，子隐母胎，凡人的肺金之气，夜间卧睡时则归藏于肾水之中，如果肺受心火之邪，想要下行躲避在水中，但肾水干枯，火无处容纳，因此又复向上……）
(Dongyuan)
Treats conditions caused by dietary injury to the Stomach, fatigue and overwork injuring the Spleen, with Fire pathogen taking advantage of the deficiency to generate severe heat. The pulse at the Right Guan position is slow and weak, or wiry, or floating and rapid.
Formula Composition: Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, soaked in rice wash water and stir-fried), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, 1 liang), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma, 8 qian), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 1.5 liang), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, wine-soaked), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum). Crush these herbs into coarse powder. Take 3 qian or 5 qian per dose, decoct with water, and take warm.
This formula acts on the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian, Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Chaihu, Shengma, and Qianghu assist Yang and benefit the Stomach Qi to ascend the clear Yang; Renshen, Cangzhu, Huangqin, and Gancao tonify Qi and drain dampness to tonify the Spleen and Stomach; Huangqin, Huanglian, and Shigao cool the Heart and clear the Stomach to purge Yin Fire. (Li Dongyuan stated: The Stomach is the rigid aspect of the Spleen, and the Spleen is the soft aspect of the Stomach. Irregular diet causes the Stomach to be diseased first, and then the Spleen suffers from lack of nourishment; fatigue and overwork cause the Spleen to be diseased first, failing to transport Qi for the Stomach, leading to disease subsequently. The Stomach is the sea of the twelve meridians. Once the Spleen and Stomach are deficient, pathogens from the twelve meridians may emerge in various ways. For instance, inability to eat and emaciation constitute the primary disease; a slow and weak pulse at the Right Guan position is the primary pulse. If a wiry pulse appears alongside the primary pulse, accompanied by symptoms such as fullness and oppression in the four limbs, dysuria, difficult defecation, or muscle cramps, this indicates Liver Wood invading the Spleen-Stomach, requiring wind-dispelling herbs to purge the pathogen. If a surging and large pulse appears, accompanied by fever in the muscles, vexation-heat, red face, or emaciation, this indicates Heart Fire invading the Spleen-Stomach, requiring herbs that purge Heart Fire. If a floating and choppy pulse appears, accompanied by shortness of breath, wheezing cough, profuse phlegm, or dry skin, this indicates Lung Metal invading the Spleen-Stomach, requiring herbs that purge the Lungs and tonify Qi. If a deep and fine pulse appears, accompanied by frequent yawning or fear, this indicates Kidney Water invading the Spleen-Stomach, requiring herbs that drain overflowing Kidney Water and purge Yin Fire. These explanations are provided to illustrate that all diseases arise from the Spleen and Stomach.)
Treats Lung Deficiency Cough. (Cough without phlegm but with sound is termed "Ke," caused by injury to Lung Qi; phlegm without sound is termed "Sou," caused by Spleen Dampness; both sound and phlegm constitute "Kesu." Etiologies vary due to Wind, Fire, Phlegm, Dampness, Food stagnation, or Deficiency. This formula addresses prolonged cough resulting from Lung Deficiency failing to generate Kidney Water, leading to Water failing to control Fire, causing Deficient Fire to flare upward.)
Formula Composition: Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragali Radix, honey-fried), Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus, stir-fried), Ziwan (Asteri Radix et Rhizoma, 1 qian), Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex, honey-fried), Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, 2 qian). Cut the herbs, decoct with water, add a small amount of honey, and take warm.
This formula acts on the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. Ginseng and Astragalus are used for Lung Deficiency because the Spleen is the Mother of the Lung, and Qi is the Mother of Water (following the principle of "tonifying the mother when there is deficiency"); Rehmannia is used because the Kidney is the Child of the Lung. When the Child is deficient, it inevitably steals Qi from the Mother for self-nourishment; thus, Kidney-tonifying herbs are used first to nourish Kidney Water. Moreover, Rehmannia is an excellent herb for resolving phlegm (Zhu Danxi stated: Nourishing Water to control Ministerial Fire will naturally eliminate phlegm). Cough injures Qi; Schisandra is sour and warm, capable of astringing Lung Qi; cough arises from excessive Fire; Mulberry Bark is sweet and cold, capable of purging Lung Fire; Aster Root is pungent to moisten the Lungs and warm to tonify deficiency. Combined, the formula is named Bu Fei Tang (Tonify the Lung Decoction) because when Metal is robust, Water is generated, and cough ceases naturally. (This formula treats Lung Deficiency Cough; it is contraindicated for Cough due to Excess Fire. Liu Zongnong stated: Cough induced by labor is not merely a Lung issue; thus, this decoction and the Shenqi Wan from *Jingui Yaolue* serve as representative formulas for Shaoyin patterns. *Renzhai Zhizhi Fang* states: The Lung governs exhalation, the Kidney governs inhalation; the Lung is the master of Qi, the Kidney is the root of Qi. In cases of sudden severe cough where Qi feels like it reverses upward from below the umbilicus, this indicates Kidney Deficiency failing to grasp Qi and return it to its origin. One should use Dihuang Wan or Anshen Wan, rather than focusing solely on the Lungs. This embodies the principle of "tonifying the child when there is deficiency." *Yi Guan* states: Among the Five Elements, only the Lung and Kidney exhibit a pattern where the Mother's disease affects the Child. Why? The Lung governs Qi. If the Lung has Heat, Qi steams upward due to heat and cannot descend to generate the Kidney, thereby injuring the Kidney. Once the Kidney is injured, the Lung becomes even more diseased. Since the Lung stores the essence of the uterus and the Child hides in the Mother's womb, the Qi of Lung Metal returns to store within Kidney Water during sleep. If the Lung is affected by Heart Fire and seeks to descend into the Water, but Kidney Water is dried up, leaving no place for the Fire to reside, the Fire will rebound upward...)