问曰。脉有阴阳者。何谓也。答曰。凡脉大、浮、数、动、滑。此名阳也。脉沉、涩、
弱、
（内经曰。微妙在脉。不可不察。察之有纪。从阴阳始。始之有经。从五行生。兹首论
脉之
浮数
及。
则邪气自里之表。欲汗而解也。如厥阴中风。脉微浮为欲愈。不浮为未愈者是也。阳病见阴
脉而主死者。则邪气自表入里。正虚邪胜。如谵言妄语。脉沉细者。死是也。金匮要略曰。
诸病在外者可治。入里者即死。此之谓也。）
问曰。脉有阳结阴结者。何以别之。答曰。其脉浮而数。能食。不大便者。此为实。名
曰阳
当剧
（结者。气偏结固。阴阳之气不得而杂之。阴中有阳。阳中有阴。阴阳相杂以为和。不
相杂
沉
阳不得而杂之。是名阴结。论其数者。伤寒之病。一日太阳。二日阳明。三日少阳。四日太
阴。五日少阴。六日厥阴。至六日为传经尽。七日当愈。七日不愈者。谓之再经。言再经者
。再自太阳而传至十二日。再至厥阴。为传经尽。十三日当愈。十三日不愈者。谓之过经。
言再过太阳之经。亦以次而传之也。阳结为火。至十七日传少阴水。水能制火。火邪解散则
愈。阴结属水。至十四日传阳明土。土能制水。水邪解散则愈。彼邪气结甚。水又不能制火
。土又不能制水。故当剧。内经曰。一候后则病。二候后则病甚。三候后则病危也。）
问曰。病有洒淅恶寒而复发热者何。答曰。阴脉不足。阳往从之。阳脉不足。阴往乘之。
曰
何
（一阴一阳谓之道。偏阴偏阳谓之疾。阴偏不足。则阳得而从之。阳偏不足。则阴得而
乘之
热者
阳脉浮。阴脉弱者。则血虚。血虚。则筋急也。
（阳为气。阴为血。阳脉浮者。卫气强也。阴脉弱者。营血弱也。难经曰。气主 之。
血主
其脉沉者。营气微也。
（内经云。脉者。血之府也。脉实则血实。脉虚则血虚。此其常也。脉沉者。知营血内
微也
其脉浮而汗出如流珠者。卫气衰也。
（针经云。卫气者。所以温分肉。充皮毛。肥腠理。司开阖者也。脉浮汗出如流珠者。
腠理
矣。
甚于
营气微者。加烧针。则血流不行。更发热而躁烦也。
（卫阳也。营阴也。烧针益阳而损阴。营气微者。谓阴虚也。内经曰。阴虚而内热方其
内
脉蔼蔼如车盖者。名曰阳结也。
（蔼蔼如车盖者。大而厌厌聂聂也。为阳气郁结于外。不与阴气和杂也。）
脉累累如循长竿者。名曰阴结也。
（累累如循长竿者。连连而强直也。为阴气郁结于内。不与阳气和杂也。）
脉瞥瞥如羹上肥者。阳气微也。
（轻浮而主微也。）
脉萦萦如蜘蛛丝者。阳气衰也。
（萦萦滞也。若萦萦惹惹之不利也。如蜘蛛丝者。至细也。微为阳微。细为阳衰。脉要
曰。
脉绵绵如泻漆之绝者。亡其血也。
（绵绵者。连绵而软也。如泻漆之绝者。前大而后细也。正理论曰。天枢开发。精移气
变。
来前
脉来缓。时一止复来者。名曰结。脉来数时一止复来者。名曰促。脉阳盛则促。阴盛则
结。
（脉一息四至曰平。一息三至曰迟。小快于迟曰缓。一息六至曰数。时有一止者。阴阳
之
气
止
不
阴阳相搏名曰动。阳动则汗出。阴动则发热。形冷恶寒者。此三焦伤也。
（动为阴阳相搏。方其阴阳相搏。而虚者则动。阳动为阳虚。故汗出。阴动为阴虚。故
发热也。如不汗出发热。而反形冷恶寒者。三焦伤也。三焦者。原气之别使。主行气于阳。
三焦既伤。则阳气不通而微。致身冷而恶寒也。金匮要略曰。阳气不通。即身冷。经曰。阳
微则
若数脉见于关上。上下无头尾。如豆大。厥厥动摇者。名曰动也。
（脉经云。阳出阴入。以关为界。关为阴阳之中也。若数脉见于关上。上下无头尾。如
豆大
阳脉浮大而濡。阴脉浮大而濡。阴脉与阳脉同等者。名曰缓也。
（阳脉寸口也。阴脉尺中也。上下同等。无有偏胜者。是阴阳之气和缓也。非若迟缓之
有邪
脉浮而紧者。名曰弦也。弦者状如弓弦。按之不移也。脉紧者。如转索无常也。
（脉经云。弦与紧相类。以弦为虚。故虽紧如弦。而按之不移。不移则不足也。经曰。
弦则
也。
脉弦而大。弦则为减。大则为芤。减则为寒。芤则为虚。寒虚相搏。此名为革。妇人则
半产
（弦则为减。减则为寒。寒者。谓阳气少也。大则为芤。芤则为虚。虚者谓血少不足也。
所
亡
问曰。病有战而汗出。因得解者。何也。答曰。脉浮而紧。按之反芤。此为本虚。故当
战而
（浮为阳。紧为阴。芤为虚。阴阳争则战。邪气将出。邪与正争。其人本虚。是以发战。
正
若脉浮而数。按之不芤。此人本不虚。若欲自解。但汗出耳。不发战也。
（浮数阳也。本实。阳胜邪不能与正争。故不发战也。）
问曰。病有不战而汗出解者。何也。答曰。脉大而浮数。故知不战。汗出而解也。
（阳胜则热。阴胜则寒。阴阳争则战。脉大而浮数。皆阳也。阳气全胜。阴无所争。何
战
问曰。病有不战。不汗出而解者。何也。答曰。其脉自微。此以曾经发汗。若吐若下。
若亡
（脉微者。邪气微也。邪气已微。正气又弱。脉所以微。既经发汗吐下。亡阳亡血。内
无津
问曰。伤寒三日脉浮数而微。病患身凉和者。何也。答曰。此为欲解也。解以夜半。脉
浮而
（伤寒三日。阳去入阴之时。病患身热脉浮数而大。邪气传也。若身凉和脉浮数而微者。
则
脉
问曰。病脉欲知愈未愈者。何以别之。答曰。寸口关上尺中三处。大小浮沉迟数同等。
虽有
（三部脉均等。即正气已和。虽有余邪。何害之有。）
立夏得洪大脉。是其本位。其人病身体苦疼重者。须发其汗。若明日身不疼不重者。不
须发
四时
（脉来应时。为正气内固。虽外感邪气。但微自汗出而亦解矣。内经曰。脉得四时之顺
者。
问曰。凡病欲知何时得。何时愈。答曰。假令夜半得病。明日日中愈。日中得病。夜半
愈。
阳则
（日中得病者。阳受之。夜半得病者。阴受之。阳不和。得阴则和。是解以夜半。阴不
和。
寸口脉浮为在表。沉为在里。数为在腑。迟为在脏。假令脉迟。此为在脏也。
（经曰。诸阳浮数为乘腑。诸阴迟涩为乘脏。）
趺阳脉浮而涩。少阴脉如经也。其病在脾。法当下利。何以知之。若脉浮大者。气实血
虚也
如经
（趺阳者。胃之脉。诊得浮而涩者。脾胃不足也。浮者。以为气实。涩者。以为血虚者。
此
涩
之
者
寸口脉浮而紧。浮则为风。紧则为寒。风则伤卫。寒则伤营。营卫俱病。骨节烦疼。当
发其
（脉经云。风伤阳。寒伤阴。卫为阳。营为阴。风为阳。寒为阴。各从其类而伤也。易
曰。
黄汤
趺阳脉迟而缓。胃气如经也。趺阳脉浮而数。浮则伤胃。数则动脾。此非本病。医特下
之所
脉动脾。其数先微。故知脾气不治。大便硬。气噫而除。今脉反浮。其数改微。邪气独留。
心中
则生恶疮也。
（经。常也。趺阳之脉。以候脾胃。故迟缓之脉为常。若脉浮数。则为医妄下。伤胃动
脾。
因下里虚
津液干少
而除。脾
其津液。
数复改
而复
师曰。病患脉微而涩者。此为医所病也。大发其汗。又数大下之。其人亡血。病当恶寒。
后
阴
冷
不能胜热。故欲裸其身。又阴脉迟涩。故知血亡也。
（微为亡阳。涩则无血。不当汗而强与汗之者。令阳气微。阴气上入阳中。则恶寒。故
曰阳
热。
尺脉
脉浮而大。心下反硬。有热。属脏者。攻之。不令发汗。
（浮大之脉。当责邪在表。若心下反硬者。则热已甚而内结也。有热属脏者。为别无虚
寒而
汗。
属腑者。不令溲数。溲数则大便硬。汗多。则热愈。汗少。则便难。脉迟尚未可攻。
（虽心下硬。若余无里证。但见表证者。为病在阳。谓之属腑。当先解表。然后攻痞。
溲。
走其
下。
脉浮而洪。身汗如油。喘而不休。水浆不下。形体不仁。乍静乍乱。此为命绝也。
（病有不可治者。为邪气胜于正气也。内经曰。大则邪至。又曰。大则病进。脉浮而洪
者。
也。
故为
营卫
又未知何脏先受其灾。若汗出发润。喘不休者。此为肺先绝也。
（肺为气之主。为津液之帅。汗出发润者。津脱也。喘不休者。气脱也。）
阳反独留。形体如烟熏。直视摇头者。此心绝也。
（肺主气。心主血。气为阳。血为阴。阳反独留者。则为身体大热。是血先绝。而气独
在也
头为诸阳之
唇吻反青。四肢 习者。此为肝绝也。
（唇吻者。脾之候。肝色青。肝绝。则真色见于所胜之部也。四肢者。脾所主。肝主筋。
肝
环口黧黑。柔汗发黄者。此为脾绝也。
（脾主口唇。绝则精华去。故环口黧黑。柔为阴。柔汗。冷汗也。脾胃为津液之本。阳
气
溲便遗失。狂言目反直视者。此为肾绝也。
（肾司开阖。禁固便溺。溲便遗失者。肾绝不能约制也。肾藏志。狂言者。志不守也。
内经
目反
又未知何脏阴阳前绝。若阳气前绝。阴气后竭者。其人死。身色必青。阴气前绝。阳气
后竭
（阳主热而色赤。阴主寒而色青。其人死也。身色青。则阴未离乎体。故曰阴气后竭。
身色
之谓
寸口脉浮大。而医反下之。此为大逆。浮则无血。大则为寒。寒气相搏。则为肠鸣。医
乃不
（经云。脉浮大。应发汗。若反下之。为大逆。浮大之脉。邪在表也。当发其汗。若反
下之。是攻其正气。邪气得以深入。故为大逆。浮则无血者。下后亡血也。大则为寒者。邪
气独在也。寒邪因里虚而入。寒气相搏。乃为肠鸣。医见脉大。以为有热。饮以冷水。欲令
水寒胜热而作大汗。里先虚寒。又得冷水。水寒相搏。使中焦之气涩滞。故令噎也。）
趺阳脉浮。浮则为虚。浮虚相搏。故令气噎。言胃气虚竭也。脉滑则为哕。此为医咎。
责
（趺阳脉浮为噎。脉滑为哕。皆医之咎。责虚取实之过也。内经曰。阴在内。阳之守也。
阳
守
知
诸脉浮数。当发热而洒淅恶寒。若有痛处饮食如常者。蓄积有脓也。
（浮数之脉。主邪在经。当发热而洒淅恶寒。病患一身尽痛。不欲饮食者。伤寒也。若
虽发
通。
脉浮而迟。面热赤而战惕者。六七日当汗出而解。反发热者。瘥迟。迟为无阳。不能作
汗。
（脉浮面热赤者。邪气外浮于表也。脉迟战惕者。本气不足也。六七日为邪传经尽。当
汗出
是
）
寸口脉阴阳俱紧者。法当清邪中于上焦。浊邪中于下焦。清邪中上。名曰洁也。浊邪中
下。
必发
栗。
熏。
气前
阴
血凝自下。状如豚肝。阴阳俱厥。脾气孤弱。五液注下。下焦不阖。清便下重。令便数难
。脐筑湫痛。命将难全。
（浮为阳。沉为阴。阳脉紧。则雾露之气中于上焦。阴脉紧。则寒邪中于下焦。上焦者。
太
浊
又里气不守。邪乘里弱遂中于阴。阴虚遇邪。内为惧栗。致气微急矣。内经曰。阳病者。上
行极而下。阴病者。下行极而上。此上焦之邪甚。则下干中焦。下焦之邪甚。则上干中焦。
由是三焦混乱也。三焦主持诸气。三焦既相混乱。则内外之气。俱不得通。膻中为阳气之海
。气因不得通于内外。怫郁于上焦而为热。与脏相熏。口烂食龈。内经曰。膈热不便。上为
口糜。中焦为上下二焦之邪混乱。则不得平治。中焦在胃之中。中焦失治。胃气因上冲也。
脾。坤也。坤助胃气磨消水谷。脾气不转。则胃中水谷不得磨消。故胃中浊也。金匮要略曰
。谷气不消。胃中苦浊。营者。水谷之精气也。卫者。水谷之悍气也。气不能布散。致
不通。血凝不流。卫气者。阳气也。营血者。阴气也。阳主为热。阴主为寒。卫气前通者。
阳气先通而热气得行也。内经曰。膀胱者。津液藏焉。化则能出。以小便赤黄。知卫气前通
也。热气与胃气相搏而行。出入脏腑。游于经络。经络客热。则血凝肉腐而为痈脓。此见其
热气得行。若阴气前通者。则不然。阳在外为阴之使。因阳气厥微。阴无所使。遂阴气前通
也。内经曰。阳气者。卫外而为固也。阳气厥微。则不能卫外。寒气因而客之。鼻者。肺之
候。肺主声。寒气内入者。客于肺经。则嚏而出之。声 咽塞。寒者。外邪也。厥者。内邪
也。外内之邪合并。相逐为热。则血凝不流。今为热所拥。使血凝自下。如豚肝也。上焦阳
气厥。下焦阴气厥。二气俱厥。不相顺接。则脾气独弱。不能行化气血。滋养五脏。致五脏
俱虚而五液注下。针经曰。五脏不和。使液溢而下流于阴。阖。合也。清。圊也。下焦气脱
而不合。故数便而下重。脐为生气之原。脐筑湫痛。则生气欲绝。故曰命将难全。）
问：脉象中有阴阳之分，这是什么意思？
答：凡是脉象大、浮、数、动、滑的，这叫做阳脉。脉象沉、涩、弱、微、弦的，这叫做阴脉。（《内经》说：脉理的奥妙在于脉象，不可不仔细考察。考察脉理有纲纪，从阴阳开始。起始于经络，由五行化生。这里首先论述脉象的浮数和沉微等变化。）
如果脉象由沉转浮，说明邪气从体内向体表转移，想要通过发汗来解除病邪。例如厥阴病中风，脉象微微带浮表示快要痊愈，如果不浮则表示未愈。阳病出现阴脉且主死证的，说明邪气从体表传入体内，正气虚弱而邪气亢盛，例如胡言乱语、脉象沉细的，就是死证。《金匮要略》说：诸病在表的可治，入里的即死，说的就是这个道理。
问：脉象中有阳结和阴结的区别，如何辨别？
答：脉象浮而数，能进食，但大便不通的，这是实证，叫做阳结。脉象沉而涩，不能进食，身体没有疼痛，部位固定的，叫做阴结。（结，是指气机偏聚固结，阴阳之气不能相互混杂。阴中有阳，阳中有阴，阴阳相互混杂才称为和谐，不相混杂则生病。论其病程天数：伤寒病，第一天太阳经，第二天阳明经，第三天少阳经，第四天太阴经，第五天少阴经，第六天厥阴经。到第六天传经完毕。第七天应当痊愈。如果七天未愈，称为“再经”。所谓再经，是指再次从太阳经传到第十二天，再次到达厥阴经，为传经完毕。第十三天应当痊愈。如果十三天未愈，称为“过经”。意思是再次经过太阳经，依次相传。阳结属于火邪，到第十七日传到少阴水，水能克制火，火邪解散则痊愈。阴结属于水邪，到第十四日传到阳明土，土能克制水，水邪解散则痊愈。如果邪气结滞严重，水又不能制火，土又不能制水，病情就会加重。《内经》说：一候之后病加重，二候之后病更重，三候之后病危重。）
问：疾病有战栗恶寒然后又发热的，是什么原因？
答：阴脉不足，阳气就往那里依附；阳脉不足，阴气就往那里侵犯。
（一阴一阳叫做道，偏阴偏阳叫做病。阴偏不足，则阳得而从之；阳偏不足，则阴得而乘之。）
问：为什么会有发热？
答：阳脉浮，阴脉弱的，则是血虚。血虚，则筋脉拘急。
（阳代表气，阴代表血。阳脉浮，说明卫气强盛。阴脉弱，说明营血虚弱。《难经》说：气主要推动它，血主要滋养它。脉象沉的，说明营气微弱。）
（《内经》说：脉是血的府库。脉实则血实，脉虚则血虚，这是常理。脉象沉，可知营血内部微弱。）
如果脉象浮而且汗出如流珠，这是卫气衰败。
（《针经》说：卫气的作用是温煦肌肉，充实皮毛，肥厚腠理，主管开阖。脉浮汗出如流珠，说明腠理开泄太过。）
营气微弱的，如果用烧针治疗，则血流不畅，更加发热并且烦躁。
（卫属阳，营属阴。烧针助阳而损阴。营气微弱，指阴虚。《内经》说：阴虚则内热。当在内里产生热邪。）
脉象蔼蔼然像车盖一样宽大而柔和的，名叫阳结。
（蔼蔼然像车盖，指脉大而柔和。这是阳气郁结于外，不与阴气和合。）
脉象累累然像顺着长竿摸去的感觉，名叫阴结。
（累累然像顺着长竿，指脉连连而强直。这是阴气郁结于内，不与阳气和合。）
脉象瞥瞥然像羹汤上面的浮油，这是阳气微弱。
（轻浮而主微弱。）
脉象萦萦然像蜘蛛丝一样细，这是阳气衰败。
（萦萦指滞涩。若萦萦惹惹不利索。像蜘蛛丝，极细。微为阳微，细为阳衰。《脉要精微论》说……）
脉象绵绵然像泻漆时断绝的样子，这是亡血。
（绵绵指连绵而软。像泻漆断绝，指前大后细。《正理论》说：天枢开发，精气移变。来势……）
脉来迟缓，偶尔停止后又来的，名叫结脉。脉来快速，偶尔停止后又来的，名叫促脉。脉阳盛则促，阴盛则结。
（一呼一吸脉跳四次叫平脉。一呼一吸三次叫迟脉。比迟脉稍快叫缓脉。一呼一吸六次叫数脉。偶尔有一次停止的，是阴阳之气……）
阴阳相搏名叫动脉。阳动则汗出，阴动则发热。形体寒冷恶寒的，这是三焦受伤。
（动是阴阳相搏。当阴阳相搏时，虚的一方则动。阳动为阳虚，所以汗出。阴动为阴虚，所以发热。如果不汗出发热，反而形体寒冷恶寒，是三焦受伤。三焦是原气的别使，主持行气于阳分。三焦既伤，则阳气不通而微弱，导致身冷而恶寒。《金匮要略》说：阳气不通，即身冷。《经》说：阳微则……）
如果在关部见到数脉，上下无头尾，像豆子大小，厥厥动摇的，名叫动脉。
（《脉经》说：阳出阴入，以关为界。关是阴阳之中。若数脉见于关上，上下无头尾，像豆子大……）
阳脉浮大而濡，阴脉浮大而濡，阴脉与阳脉同等大小的，名叫缓脉。
（阳脉指寸口，阴脉指尺中。上下同等，没有偏胜的，是阴阳之气和缓。不是那种迟缓而有邪气的。）
脉浮而紧的，名叫弦脉。弦脉的形状像弓弦，按之不移位。脉紧的，像转动绳索无常定。
（《脉经》说：弦与紧相似。以弦为虚，所以虽然紧如弦，但按之不移。不移则不足。《经》说：弦则……）
脉弦而大，弦则为减，大为芤。减则为寒，芤则为虚。寒虚相搏，这名叫革脉。妇人则半产漏下。
（弦则为减，减则为寒。寒，指阳气少。大为芤，芤则为虚。虚，指血少不足。所……亡……）
问：疾病有战栗然后汗出，因而得解的，什么原因？
答：脉浮而紧，按之反芤，这是本虚。所以应当战栗然后……
（浮为阳，紧为阴，芤为虚。阴阳争则战。邪气将出，邪与正争。其人本虚，所以发战。正……）
如果脉浮而数，按之不芤，此人本不虚。如果想自愈，只是汗出而已，不发战。
（浮数为阳，本实。阳胜邪不能与正争，所以不发战。）
问：疾病有不战栗而汗出得解的，什么原因？
答：脉大而浮数，所以知道不战，汗出而解。
（阳胜则热，阴胜则寒。阴阳争则战。脉大而浮数，都是阳脉。阳气全胜，阴无所争，何……战……）
问：疾病有不战栗、不汗出而得解的，什么原因？
答：其脉自微，这是因为曾经发汗，或者吐法、下法，或者亡……
（脉微者，邪气微也。邪气已微，正气又弱，脉所以微。既然经过发汗吐下，亡阳亡血，内……无津……）
问：伤寒三日，脉浮数而微，病人身体凉爽平和的，什么原因？
答：这是将要痊愈。在夜半解。脉浮而……
（伤寒三日，是阳去入阴的时候。病人身热脉浮数而大，是邪气传经。如果身凉和脉浮数而微者，则……脉……）
问：病脉想知道痊愈与否，如何辨别？
答：寸口、关上、尺中三处，大小浮沉迟数同等。虽然有……
（三部脉均等，即正气已和，虽有残余邪气，有什么妨害呢？）
立夏得到洪大脉，是其本位。那人患病身体苦痛沉重的，必须发汗。如果明天身体不疼不重的，不须发……四时……
（脉来应时，为正气内固。虽外感邪气，只要微微自汗出也就解了。《内经》说：脉得四时之顺者，……）
问：凡病想知道何时得病，何时痊愈？
答：假如夜半得病，明日日中愈。日中得病，夜半愈。
阳则……
（日中得病者，阳受之。夜半得病者，阴受之。阳不和，得阴则和，是解以夜半。阴不……和……）
寸口脉浮为在表，沉为在里，数为在腑，迟为在脏。假如脉迟，这是在脏。
（《经》说：诸阳浮数为乘腑，诸阴迟涩为乘脏。）
趺阳脉浮而涩，少阴脉如常。病在脾，法当下利。怎么知道？如果脉浮大的，是气实血虚也……如经……
（趺阳，是胃之脉。诊得浮而涩，是脾胃不足。浮者，以为气实。涩者，以为血虚。此……涩……之……者……）
寸口脉浮而紧，浮则为风，紧则为寒。风则伤卫，寒则伤营。营卫俱病，骨节烦疼，应当发其……黄汤……
（《脉经》说：风伤阳，寒伤阴。卫为阳，营为阴。风为阳，寒为阴。各从其类而伤。《易》曰……黄汤……）
趺阳脉迟而缓，胃气如常。趺阳脉浮而数，浮则伤胃，数则动脾。这不是本病，医生特意用下法所致……脉动脾，其数先微，所以知道脾气不治，大便硬，嗳气而除。现在脉反浮，其数改微，邪气独留，心中……则生恶疮也。
（《经》：常也。趺阳之脉，以候脾胃，所以迟缓之脉为常。若脉浮数，则为医妄下，伤胃动脾……因下里虚……津液干少……而除。脾……其津液……数复改……而复……）
老师说：病人脉微而涩，这是医生造成的病患。大发其汗，又多次大下之。其人亡血，病当恶寒。后……阴……冷……不能胜热，故欲裸其身。又阴脉迟涩，所以知道血亡。
（微为亡阳，涩则无血。不当汗而强与汗之，令阳气微。阴气上入阳中，则恶寒。故曰阳……热……尺脉……）
脉浮而大，心下反硬，有热，属脏的，攻之，不令发汗。
（浮大之脉，当责邪在表。若心下反硬，则热已甚而内结。有热属脏，为别无虚寒而……汗……属腑者，不令溲数。溲数则大便硬。汗多，则热愈。汗少，则便难。脉迟尚未可攻。
（虽心下硬，若余无里证，但见表证，为病在阳，谓之属腑。当先解表，然后攻痞。溲……走其……下……）
脉浮而洪，身汗如油，喘而不休，水浆不下，形体不仁，乍静乍乱，这是命绝。
（病有不可治者，为邪气胜于正气。《内经》说：大则邪至。又说：大则病进。脉浮而洪者，……也。故为……营卫……）
又不知道哪个脏先受灾祸。如果汗出发润，喘不休，这是肺先绝。
（肺为气之主，为津液之帅。汗出发润，是津脱。喘不休，是气脱。）
阳反独留，形体如烟熏，直视摇头，这是心绝。
（肺主气，心主血。气为阳，血为阴。阳反独留，则为身体大热，是血先绝，而气独在也……头为诸阳之……唇吻反青，四肢 习者，这是肝绝。
（唇吻者，脾之候。肝色青。肝绝，则真色见于所胜之部。四肢者，脾所主。肝主筋。肝……环口黧黑，柔汗发黄，这是脾绝。
（脾主口唇。绝则精华去，故环口黧黑。柔为阴。柔汗，冷汗。脾胃为津液之本，阳气……溲便遗失，狂言目反直视，这是肾绝。
（肾司开阖，禁固便溺。溲便遗失，肾绝不能约制。肾藏志，狂言，志不守。内经……目反……又不知道哪个脏阴阳先绝。若阳气前绝，阴气后竭，其人死，身色必青。阴气前绝，阳气后竭……
（阳主热而色赤，阴主寒而色青。其人死，身色青，则阴未离乎体，故曰阴气后竭。身色……之谓……）
寸口脉浮大，而医生反而用下法，这是大逆。浮则无血，大则为寒。寒气相搏，则为肠鸣。医生乃不……
（《经》云：脉浮大，应发汗。若反下之，为大逆。浮大之脉，邪在表。当发其汗。若反下之，是攻其正气，邪气得以深入，故为大逆。浮则无血，下后亡血。大则为寒，邪气独在。寒邪因里虚而入，寒气相搏，乃为肠鸣。医见脉大，以为有热，饮以冷水，欲令水寒胜热而作大汗。里先虚寒，又得冷水，水寒相搏，使中焦之气涩滞，故令噎。）
趺阳脉浮，浮则为虚。浮虚相搏，故令气噎，言胃气虚竭。脉滑则为哕，这是医生的过错。责……
（趺阳脉浮为噎，脉滑为哕，皆医之咎。责虚取实之过。《内经》说：阴在内，阳之守也。阳……守……知……）
诸脉浮数，应当发热而洒淅恶寒。如果有痛处饮食如常，蓄积有脓。
（浮数之脉，主邪在经，当发热而洒淅恶寒。病人一身尽痛，不欲饮食，是伤寒。若……通……）
脉浮而迟，面热赤而战惕，六七日当汗出而解。反发热，瘥迟。迟为无阳，不能作汗。
（脉浮面热赤，邪气外浮于表。脉迟战惕，本气不足。六七日为邪传经尽，当汗出……是……）
寸口脉阴阳俱紧，法当清邪中于上焦，浊邪中于下焦。清邪中上，名叫洁。浊邪中下……必发……栗……熏……气前……阴……血凝自下，状如豚肝。阴阳俱厥，脾气孤弱，五液注下，下焦不阖，清便下重，令便数难，脐筑湫痛，命将难全。
（浮为阳，沉为阴。阳脉紧，则雾露之气中于上焦。阴脉紧，则寒邪中于下焦。上焦者，太……浊……又里气不守，邪乘里弱遂中于阴。阴虚遇邪，内为惧栗，致气微急。《内经》说：阳病者，上行极而下。阴病者，下行极而上。此上焦之邪甚，则下干中焦。下焦之邪甚，则上干中焦。由是三焦混乱。三焦主持诸气，三焦既相混乱，则内外之气，俱不得通。膻中为阳气之海，气因不得通于内外，怫郁于上焦而为热，与脏相熏，口烂食龈。《内经》说：膈热不便，上为口糜。中焦为上下二焦之邪混乱，则不得平治。中焦在胃之中，中焦失治，胃气因上冲。脾，坤也。坤助胃气磨消水谷。脾气不转，则胃中水谷不得磨消，故胃中浊。《金匮要略》说：谷气不消，胃中苦浊。营者，水谷之精气。卫者，水谷之悍气。气不能布散，致……不通。血凝不流。卫气，阳气。营血，阴气。阳主为热，阴主为寒。卫气前通，阳气先通而热气得行。《内经》说：膀胱者，津液藏焉，化则能出。以小便赤黄，知卫气前通。热气与胃气相搏而行，出入脏腑，游于经络。经络客热，则血凝肉腐而为痈脓。此见其热气得行。若阴气前通，则不然。阳在外为阴之使，因阳气厥微，阴无所使，遂阴气前通。《内经》说：阳气者，卫外而为固。阳气厥微，则不能卫外。寒气因而客之。鼻，肺之候。肺主声。寒气内入，客于肺经，则嚏而出之。声 咽塞。寒，外邪。厥，内邪。外内之邪合并，相逐为热，则血凝不流。今为热所拥，使血凝自下，如豚肝。上焦阳气厥，下焦阴气厥，二气俱厥，不相顺接，则脾气独弱，不能行化气血，滋养五脏，致五脏俱虚而五液注下。《针经》说：五脏不和，使液溢而下流于阴。阖，合。清，圊。下焦气脱而不合，故数便而下重。脐为生气之原，脐筑湫痛，则生气欲绝，故曰命将难全。）
Question: There are Yin and Yang in pulse, what does this mean?
Answer: Pulses that are large (Da), floating (Fu), rapid (Shu), moving (Dong), or slippery (Hua) are called Yang pulses. Pulses that are deep (Chen), choppy (Se), weak (Ruo), minute (Wei), or wiry (Xian) are called Yin pulses. ("Neijing" states: The subtlety lies in the pulse, which must not be neglected. Examination has its principles, starting from Yin and Yang. It begins with meridians and generates from the Five Elements. Here we first discuss the variations of pulse such as floating/rapid and deep/minute.)
If the pulse changes from deep to floating, it indicates pathogenic qi shifting from interior to exterior, seeking resolution through sweating. For example, in Jueyin wind-strike, a slightly floating pulse indicates impending recovery; if not floating, recovery is not imminent. If a Yang disease presents with a Yin pulse and death is indicated, it signifies pathogenic qi entering from exterior to interior, with righteous qi deficient and pathogenic qi excessive. For instance, delirious speech with a deep and fine pulse indicates a fatal condition. "Jingui Yaolue" states: Diseases on the exterior are treatable; those entering the interior are fatal. This refers to such cases.
Question: How to distinguish between Yang knotting (Yang Jie) and Yin knotting (Yin Jie) in pulses?
Answer: A pulse that is floating and rapid, with ability to eat but constipation, is an excess pattern, called Yang knotting. A pulse that is deep and choppy, with inability to eat, no body pain, and fixed location, is called Yin knotting. (Knotting refers to qi stagnation and consolidation, where Yin and Yang qi cannot mix. Yin contains Yang, Yang contains Yin; harmony arises from their mixing. Lack of mixing leads to disease. Regarding the timeline: In cold damage disease, Day 1 is Taiyang, Day 2 is Yangming, Day 3 is Shaoyang, Day 4 is Taiyin, Day 5 is Shaoyin, Day 6 is Jueyin. Transmission completes on Day 6. Recovery should occur on Day 7. If not recovered by Day 7, it is called "Re-transmission" (Zai Jing). Re-transmission means transmitting again from Taiyang to Day 12, reaching Jueyin again, completing transmission. Recovery should occur on Day 13. If not recovered by Day 13, it is called "Passing the Meridian" (Guo Jing), meaning passing Taiyang meridian again, transmitting sequentially. Yang knotting belongs to Fire; by Day 17 it transmits to Shaoyin Water. Water controls Fire; when Fire pathogen dissipates, recovery occurs. Yin knotting belongs to Water; by Day 14 it transmits to Yangming Earth. Earth controls Water; when Water pathogen dissipates, recovery occurs. If pathogenic knotting is severe, and Water cannot control Fire, nor Earth control Water, the condition will worsen. "Neijing" states: After one hou (period), disease worsens; after two hous, disease becomes severe; after three hous, disease is critical.)
Question: Why do some diseases present with shivering/chills followed by fever?
Answer: When Yin pulse is insufficient, Yang qi moves to attach to it; when Yang pulse is insufficient, Yin qi moves to invade it.
(One Yin and one Yang is called the Dao; biased Yin or biased Yang is called disease. If Yin is deficient, Yang attaches to it; if Yang is deficient, Yin invades it.)
Question: Why is there fever?
Answer: A floating Yang pulse and a weak Yin pulse indicate blood deficiency. Blood deficiency leads to tendon tension.
(Yang represents Qi, Yin represents Blood. A floating Yang pulse indicates strong Wei Qi. A weak Yin pulse indicates weak Ying Blood. "Nanjing" states: Qi primarily moves [it], Blood primarily nourishes [it]. A deep pulse indicates weak Ying Qi.)
("Neijing" states: Pulse is the mansion of Blood. Pulse excess means Blood excess; pulse deficiency means Blood deficiency. This is the norm. A deep pulse indicates internal weakness of Ying Blood.)
If the pulse is floating and sweat flows like beads, this indicates decline of Wei Qi.
("Zhengjing" states: Wei Qi warms muscles, fills skin/hair, thickens cou-li, and controls opening/closing. Floating pulse with sweat like beads indicates excessive opening of cou-li.)
If Ying Qi is weak, using burning needle therapy causes blood flow obstruction, leading to increased fever and irritability.
(Wei is Yang, Ying is Yin. Burning needles boost Yang but damage Yin. Weak Ying Qi indicates Yin deficiency. "Neijing" states: Yin deficiency leads to internal heat. Heat pathogen arises internally.)
A pulse that appears vast and soft like a chariot canopy is named Yang knotting.
(Appearance like a chariot canopy indicates a large yet soft pulse. This is Yang qi knotted externally, not harmonizing with Yin.)
A pulse that feels continuous and stiff like tracing a long bamboo pole is named Yin knotting.
(Feeling like tracing a long pole indicates a continuous and stiff pulse. This is Yin qi knotted internally, not harmonizing with Yang.)
A pulse that flickers like fat floating on soup indicates weak Yang qi.
(Light and floating, indicating weakness.)
A pulse that winds like a spider's thread indicates declining Yang qi.
(Winding indicates stagnation. Like a spider's thread, it is extremely thin. Minute indicates weak Yang, thin indicates declining Yang. "Mai Yao Jing Wei Lun" states...)
A pulse that is continuous and soft, like lacquer pouring and breaking off, indicates loss of Blood.
(Continuous and soft. Like lacquer breaking off, it is large initially then thin. "Zheng Li Lun" states: Tian Shu opens, essence and Qi shift. Coming forward...)
A pulse that comes slowly and occasionally stops before returning is named Jie (Knotted) pulse. A pulse that comes rapidly and occasionally stops before returning is named Cu (Urgent) pulse. Yang excess leads to Cu pulse; Yin excess leads to Jie pulse.
(Four beats per breath is normal. Three beats per breath is Chi (Slow). Slightly faster than Chi is Huan (Relaxed). Six beats per breath is Shu (Rapid). Occasional stop indicates imbalance of Yin and Yang Qi...)
Yin and Yang struggling against each other is named Dong (Moving) pulse. Yang Dong leads to sweating; Yin Dong leads to fever. Cold body and aversion to cold indicate injury to San Jiao.
(Dong is Yin-Yang struggle. When struggling, the deficient side moves. Yang Dong indicates Yang deficiency, hence sweating. Yin Dong indicates Yin deficiency, hence fever. If no sweating/fever but cold body/aversion to cold, San Jiao is injured. San Jiao is the envoy of Yuan Qi, governing Qi movement in Yang. Injury to San Jiao causes Yang Qi blockage and weakness, leading to cold body and aversion to cold. "Jingui Yaolue" states: Yang Qi blockage causes cold body. "Classic" states: Yang micro...)
If a rapid pulse appears at the Guan position, without head or tail above and below, bean-sized and trembling, it is named Dong pulse.
("Maichuang" states: Yang exits, Yin enters, bounded by Guan. Guan is the center of Yin and Yang. If rapid pulse appears at Guan, without head/tail, bean-sized...)
If Yang pulse is floating, large, and soft, and Yin pulse is floating, large, and soft, and Yin and Yang pulses are equal, it is named Huan (Slow/Relaxed) pulse.
(Yang pulse refers to Cun Kou, Yin pulse refers to Chi Zhong. Equal above and below without bias indicates harmonious Yin and Yang Qi. Not the sluggish type with pathogen.)
A floating and tight pulse is named Xian (Wiry) pulse. Wiry pulse feels like a bowstring, unmovable upon pressure. Tight pulse feels like twisting rope constantly changing.
("Maichuang" states: Xian and Jin are similar. Xian indicates deficiency. Although tight like string, it is unmovable. Unmovable indicates insufficiency. "Classic" states: Xian then...)
Pulse wiry and large: Wiry indicates reduction, Large indicates Kou (Hollow). Reduction indicates Cold, Hollow indicates Deficiency. Cold and Deficiency interacting is named Ge (Leather) pulse. In women, it indicates miscarriage or uterine bleeding.
(Wiry indicates reduction, reduction indicates Cold. Cold means little Yang Qi. Large indicates Kou, Kou indicates Deficiency. Deficiency means insufficient Blood. Lost...)
Question: Why do some diseases resolve with chattering/shivering followed by sweating?
Answer: Pulse floating and tight, but hollow upon pressure, indicates root deficiency. Thus, chattering occurs...
(Floating is Yang, Tight is Yin, Hollow is Deficiency. Yin-Yang struggle causes chattering. Pathogen is about to exit, fighting with Righteous Qi. Root deficiency causes chattering. Righteous...)
If pulse is floating and rapid, not hollow upon pressure, the person is not fundamentally deficient. If self-resolution occurs, only sweating happens, no chattering.
(Floating/Rapid is Yang, Root Excess. Yang excess prevents Pathogen from fighting Righteous Qi, so no chattering.)
Question: Why do some diseases resolve with sweating but no chattering?
Answer: Pulse large, floating, and rapid indicates no chattering, resolving with sweating.
(Yang excess causes heat, Yin excess causes cold. Yin-Yang struggle causes chattering. Large, floating, rapid are all Yang pulses. Yang fully prevails, Yin has nothing to contend with, why...) Chatter...
Question: Why do some diseases resolve without chattering and without sweating?
Answer: Pulse naturally micro, because of prior sweating, vomiting, purging, or loss of...
(Pulse micro indicates pathogen is slight. Pathogen slight, Righteous Qi also weak, hence pulse micro. Having undergone sweating/vomiting/purging, losing Yang and Blood, internal...) No Jin Ye...
Question: Three days into cold damage, pulse floating, rapid, and micro, patient body cool and peaceful, why?
Answer: This indicates impending resolution. Resolution occurs at midnight. Pulse floating and...
(Three days into cold damage is time for Yang leaving to enter Yin. Patient body hot, pulse floating/rapid/large indicates pathogen transmission. If body cool/peaceful, pulse floating/rapid/micro, then...) Pulse...
Question: How to know if disease pulse indicates recovery or non-recovery?
Answer: Cun Kou, Guan, and Chi positions, equal in size, floating/deep, slow/rapid. Even if there is...
(Three positions equal means Righteous Qi is harmonized. Even with residual pathogen, what harm?)
At Lixia (Start of Summer), obtaining Hong Da (Surging Large) pulse is its proper position. If patient suffers body pain/heaviness, must induce sweating. If next day pain/heaviness gone, no need to sweat... Four Seasons...
(Pulse matching season indicates solid internal Righteous Qi. Even with external pathogen, slight spontaneous sweating resolves it. "Neijing" states: Pulse following four seasons...)
Question: How to know when disease started and when it will recover?
Answer: If disease starts at midnight, recovers at noon. If starts at noon, recovers at midnight.
Yang then...
(Noon onset: Yang affected. Midnight onset: Yin affected. Yang disharmony resolves with Yin, hence recovery at midnight. Yin disharmony...) Harmony...
Cun Kou pulse floating indicates Exterior, deep indicates Interior, rapid indicates Fu organs, slow indicates Zang organs. If pulse slow, it is in Zang.
("Classic" states: All Yang floating/rapid attacks Fu; all Yin slow/choppy attacks Zang.)
Fu Yang pulse floating and choppy, Shao Yin pulse normal. Disease in Spleen, law dictates diarrhea. How to know? If pulse floating/large, it is Qi excess and Blood deficiency... Normal...
(Fu Yang is Stomach pulse. Floating/choppy indicates Spleen/Stomach deficiency. Floating indicates Qi excess. Choppy indicates Blood deficiency. This... Choppy... Of... Person...)
Cun Kou pulse floating and tight: Floating indicates Wind, Tight indicates Cold. Wind injures Wei, Cold injures Ying. Ying and Wei both diseased, bone/joint pain, should induce sweating... Huang Tang...
("Maichuang" states: Wind injures Yang, Cold injures Yin. Wei is Yang, Ying is Yin. Wind is Yang, Cold is Yin. Each injures according to kind. "I Ching" says... Huang Tang...)
Fu Yang pulse slow and relaxed, Stomach Qi is normal. Fu Yang pulse floating and rapid: Floating injures Stomach, Rapid disturbs Spleen. This is not original disease, caused by doctor's purging... Pulse disturbing Spleen, its rapidness first becomes micro, thus knowing Spleen Qi fails, stool hard, belching relief. Now pulse reverses to floating, rapidness changes to micro, pathogen remains alone, heart... Then produces malignant sores.
("Classic": Constant/Norm. Fu Yang pulse monitors Spleen/Stomach, so slow/relaxed is constant. Floating/rapid indicates doctor's wrongful purging, injuring Stomach/disturbing Spleen... Due to purging interior deficiency... Jin Ye dry/less... And relief. Spleen... Its Jin Ye... Rapidness reverses... And reverses...)
Master says: Patient pulse micro and choppy, this is iatrogenic illness. Profuse sweating, then repeated purging. Person loses Blood, disease should have aversion to cold. Later... Yin... Cold... Cannot overcome heat, thus desires to strip clothes. Also Yin pulse slow/choppy, thus knowing Blood loss.
(Micro indicates Yang loss, Choppy indicates no Blood. Sweating when not indicated makes Yang Qi micro. Yin Qi enters Yang center, causing aversion to cold. Thus said Yang... Heat... Chi pulse...)
Pulse floating and large, epigastrium hard, with heat, belonging to Zang, attack it, do not induce sweating.
(Floating/Large pulse usually blames pathogen in Exterior. If epigastrium hard, heat is severe and knotted internally. Heat belonging to Zang means no deficiency-cold... Sweat... Belonging to Fu, do not cause frequent urination. Frequent urination causes hard stool. Much sweat, heat increases. Little sweat, stool difficult. Slow pulse not yet ready for attack.
(Although epigastrium hard, if no interior signs elsewhere, only exterior signs, disease is in Yang, called belonging to Fu. Should first resolve exterior, then attack痞. Urine... Drives its... Down...)
Pulse floating and surging, sweat like oil, panting without rest, unable to take fluids, body insensible, alternating quiet/restless, this is Life Extinction.
(Un-treatable diseases occur when pathogen exceeds Righteous Qi. "Neijing" states: Large means pathogen arrives. Also: Large means disease advances. Floating/surging pulse...) Yes. Therefore... Ying Wei...
Also unknown which Zang suffers first. If sweat makes hair wet, panting without rest, this is Lung first extinction.
(Lung is master of Qi, commander of Jin Ye. Wet sweat indicates Jin Ye depletion. Panting without rest indicates Qi depletion.)
Yang remains alone inversely, body like smoke stain, staring straight, shaking head, this is Heart extinction.
(Lung governs Qi, Heart governs Blood. Qi is Yang, Blood is Yin. Yang remaining alone means body very hot, Blood extinct first, Qi alone remains... Head is chief of all Yang... Lips/mouth reverse green, limbs twitching, this is Liver extinction.
(Lips/mouth are Spleen indicator. Liver color green. Liver extinction, true color appears in conquered area. Limbs governed by Spleen. Liver governs tendons. Liver... Ring mouth black, soft sweat yellow, this is Spleen extinction.
(Spleen governs lips/mouth. Extinction means essence gone, hence ring mouth black. Soft is Yin. Soft sweat is cold sweat. Spleen/Stomach are root of Jin Ye, Yang Qi... Urine/stool loss, delirium, eyes rolling back staring straight, this is Kidney extinction.
(Kidney controls opening/closing, secures urine/stool. Loss indicates Kidney cannot restrain. Kidney stores Zhi (Will). Delirium means Will not guarded. Neijing... Eyes rolling back... Also unknown which Zang Yin/Yang extinguishes first. If Yang extinguishes first, Yin exhausts later, person dies, body color must be green. If Yin extinguishes first, Yang exhausts later...
(Yang governs heat and red color, Yin governs cold and green color. Person dies, body green means Yin not left body, thus said Yin exhausts later. Body color... Said...)
Cun Kou pulse floating and large, but doctor uses purging, this is Great Reversal. Floating means no Blood, Large indicates Cold. Cold Qi struggles, causing bowel sounds. Doctor then not...
("Classic" says: Floating/Large pulse should induce sweating. If reversed purging, it is Great Reversal. Floating/Large pulse, pathogen in Exterior. Should induce sweating. If reversed purging, attacks Righteous Qi, pathogen enters deep, hence Great Reversal. Floating means no Blood, post-purging Blood loss. Large indicates Cold, pathogen alone remains. Cold pathogen enters due to interior deficiency, Cold Qi struggles, causing bowel sounds. Doctor sees large pulse, thinks heat, gives cold water, wants cold water to overcome heat and cause heavy sweat. Interior first deficiency-cold, plus cold water, water-cold struggles, makes Middle Jiao Qi stagnant, hence choking.)
Fu Yang pulse floating, floating indicates deficiency. Floating-deficiency struggle causes Qi choking, saying Stomach Qi exhaustion. Slippery pulse indicates hiccup, this is doctor's fault. Blame...
(Fu Yang floating pulse causes choking, slippery pulse causes hiccup, all doctor's fault. Blaming deficiency for excess error. "Neijing" states: Yin inside, Yang guards it. Yang... Guard... Know...)
All pulses floating and rapid, should have fever and shivering/chills. If painful area but eating/drinking normal, pus accumulation.
(Floating/Rapid pulse, pathogen in Meridian, should have fever/shivering. Whole body pain, no desire to eat, is cold damage. If... Unblock...)
Pulse floating and slow, face hot/red with trembling, 6-7 days should sweat and resolve. Reverse fever, recovery delayed. Slow indicates no Yang, cannot make sweat.
(Floating/facial hot/red, pathogen floats to exterior. Slow/trembling, root Qi insufficient. 6-7 days pathogen transmission completes, should sweat... Is...)
Cun Kou pulse Yin and Yang both tight, law indicates Clear Pathogen attacks Upper Jiao, Turbid Pathogen attacks Lower Jiao. Clear Pathogen attacks upper, named Clean. Turbid Pathogen attacks lower... Must develop... Chill... Smoke... Qi front... Yin... Blood coagulates from below, shape like pig liver. Yin and Yang both Jue, Spleen Qi lonely/weak, Five Fluids pour down, Lower Jiao not closing, clear stool heavy sensation, frequent difficult urination, umbilical drilling pain, life hard to preserve.
(Floating is Yang, Deep is Yin. Yang pulse tight, fog/dew Qi attacks Upper Jiao. Yin pulse tight, Cold Pathogen attacks Lower Jiao. Upper Jiao is Tai... Turbid... Also interior Qi not guarded, pathogen takes interior weakness to enter Yin. Yin deficiency meets pathogen, internal fear/chill, causing Qi slightly urgent. "Neijing" states: Yang disease goes up to extreme then down. Yin disease goes down to extreme then up. Upper Jiao pathogen severe, interferes with Middle Jiao. Lower Jiao pathogen severe, interferes with Middle Jiao. Thus San Jiao chaotic. San Jiao governs all Qi. Chaotic San Jiao,内外 Qi cannot pass. Dan Zhong is Sea of Yang Qi. Qi cannot pass内外, stagnates in Upper Jiao as heat, steams Zang, mouth ulcers/gums rot. "Neijing" states: Diaphragm heat/blockage, upper becomes mouth糜. Middle Jiao chaotic by upper/lower pathogens, cannot regulate. Middle Jiao in Stomach, Middle Jiao fails, Stomach Qi rushes up. Spleen, Kun. Kun assists Stomach Qi grinding food/water. Spleen Qi not turning, Stomach food/water not ground, hence Stomach turbid. "Jingui Yaolue" states: Grain Qi not digesting, Stomach bitter turbid. Ying is grain essence. Wei is grain fierce Qi. Qi cannot distribute, causing... Unblock. Blood coagulates not flowing. Wei Qi is Yang Qi. Ying Blood is Yin Qi. Yang governs heat, Yin governs cold. Wei Qi passes first, Yang Qi passes first, heat Qi moves. "Neijing" states: Bladder stores Jin Ye, transforms to exit. Red/yellow urine knows Wei Qi passes first. Heat Qi struggles with Stomach Qi, moves in/out Zang/Fu, wanders meridians. Meridian guest heat, Blood coagulates flesh rots into abscess. This shows heat Qi moves. If Yin Qi passes first, otherwise. Yang outside is Yin's servant. Due to Yang Qi Jue micro, Yin has no servant, thus Yin Qi passes first. "Neijing" states: Yang Qi guards exterior and solidifies. Yang Qi Jue micro, cannot guard exterior. Cold pathogen attacks. Nose, Lung indicator. Lung governs sound. Cold Qi enters, lodges in Lung Meridian, sneezes out. Sound throat block. Cold, external pathogen. Jue, internal pathogen. External/internal pathogens merge, chase each other to heat, Blood coagulates not flowing. Now擁 by heat, Blood coagulates from below, like pig liver. Upper Jiao Yang Qi Jue, Lower Jiao Yin Qi Jue, both Qi Jue, not connecting smoothly, Spleen Qi alone weak, cannot transform Qi/Blood, nourish Five Zang, causing Five Zang deficiency and Five Fluids pouring down. "Zhengjing" states: Five Zang disharmony, fluid overflows and flows down to Yin. He, close. Qing, toilet. Lower Jiao Qi escapes not closing, hence frequent stool/heavy sensation. Umbilicus is source of generating Qi. Umbilical drilling pain, generating Qi desires extinction, thus said life hard to preserve.)