【气味】甘、苦，寒，无毒。
【主治】蛊毒腹痛，面目青黄，林露骨立，煮汁一二升饮（时珍）。主腹脏风壅，咳嗽
上气（苏颂）。
（《本经》下品）
【释名】白药（《别录》）、梗草（《别录》）、荠 （《本经》）。
时珍曰∶此草之根结实而梗直，故名。《吴普本草》一名利如，一名符扈，一名房图，
方书并无见，盖亦瘦辞尔。桔梗、荠 乃一类，有甜、苦二种，故《本经》桔梗一名荠 ，
而今俗呼荠 为甜桔梗也。至《别录》始出荠 条，分为二物，然其性味功用皆不同，当以
《别录》为是。
【集解】《别录》曰∶桔梗，生嵩高山谷及冤句。二、八月采根，曝干。
普曰∶叶如荠 ，茎如笔管，紫赤色，二月生苗。
弘景曰∶近道处处有，二、三月生苗，可煮食之。桔梗疗蛊毒，甚验。俗方用此，乃名
荠。今别有荠 ，能解药毒，可乱人参，叶甚相似。但荠 叶下光明滑泽无毛为异，叶生
又不如人参相对耳。
恭曰∶荠 、桔梗，叶有差互者，亦有叶三、四对者，皆一茎直上，叶既相乱，惟以根
有心为别耳。
颂曰∶今在处有之。根如小指大，黄白色。春生苗，茎高尺余。叶似杏叶而长椭，四叶
相对而生，嫩时亦可煮食。夏开小花紫碧色，颇似牵牛花，秋后结子。八月采根，其根有心，
若无心者为荠 。关中所出桔梗，根黄皮，似蜀葵根。茎细，青色。叶小，青色，似菊叶也。
根
【修治】 曰∶凡使勿用木梗，真似桔梗，只是咬之腥涩不堪。凡用桔梗，须去
头上尖硬二、三分以来，并两畔附枝。于槐砧上细锉，用生百合捣膏，投水中浸一伏时滤
出，缓火熬令干用。每桔梗四两，用百合二两五钱。
时珍曰∶今但刮去浮皮，米泔水浸一夜，切片微炒用。
【气味】辛，微温，有小毒。普曰∶神农、医和∶苦，无毒；黄帝、扁鹊∶辛、咸；岐
伯、雷公∶甘，无毒。李当之∶大寒。权曰∶苦、辛。时珍曰∶当以苦、辛、平为是。
之才曰∶节皮为之使。畏白芨、龙眼、龙胆草忌猪肉。得牡蛎、远志，疗恚怒；得硝石
石膏，疗伤寒。白粥解其 毒。
时珍曰∶伏砒。徐之才所云节皮，不知何物也。
【主治】胸胁痛如刀刺，腹满肠鸣幽幽，惊恐悸气（《本经》）。
利五脏肠胃，补血气，除寒热风痹，温中消谷，疗喉咽痛，下蛊毒（《别录》）。治下痢
，破血去积气，消积聚痰涎，去肺热气促嗽逆，除腹中冷痛，主中恶及小儿惊痫（甄权）。
下一切气，止霍乱转筋，心腹胀痛，补五劳，养气，除邪辟温，破症瘕肺痈，养血排脓，补
内漏及喉痹（大明）。利窍，除肺部风热，清利头目咽嗌，胸膈滞气及痛，除鼻塞（元素）。
治寒呕（李杲）。主口舌生疮，赤目肿痛（时珍）。
【发明】好古曰∶桔梗气微温，味苦辛，味浓气轻，阳中之阴，升也。入手太阴肺经气
分及足少阴经。
元素曰∶桔梗清肺气，利咽喉，其色白，故为肺部引经。
与甘草同行，为舟楫之剂。如大黄苦泄峻下之药，欲引至胸中至高之分成功，须用辛甘
之剂升之。譬如铁石入江，非舟楫不载。所以诸药有此一味，不能下沉也。
时珍曰∶朱肱《活人书》治胸中痞满不痛，用桔梗、枳壳，取其通肺利膈下气也。张仲
景《伤寒论》治寒实结胸，用桔梗、贝母、巴豆，取其温中消谷破积也。又治肺痈唾脓，用
桔梗、甘草，取其苦辛清肺，甘温泻火，又能排脓血、补内漏也。其治少阴证二、三日咽痛，
亦用桔梗、甘草，取其苦辛散寒，甘平除热，合而用之，能调寒热也。后人易名甘桔汤，通
治咽喉口舌诸病。宋仁宗加荆芥、防风、连翘，遂名如圣汤，极言其验也。按∶王好古《医
垒元戎》载之颇详，云失音，加诃子；声不出，加半夏；上气，加陈皮；涎嗽，加知母、贝
母；咳渴，加五味子；酒毒，加葛根；少气，加人参；呕，加半夏、生姜；唾脓血，加紫菀；
肺痿，加阿胶；胸膈不利，加枳壳；心胸痞满，加枳实；目赤，加栀子、大黄；面肿，加茯
苓；肤痛，加黄 ；发斑，加防风、荆芥；疫毒，加鼠粘子、大黄；不得眠，加栀子。震亨
曰∶干咳嗽，乃痰火之邪郁在肺中，宜苦梗以开之；痢疾腹痛，乃肺金之气郁在大肠，亦宜
苦梗开之，后用痢药。此药能开提气血，故气药中宜用之。
【附方】旧十，新八。胸满不痛∶桔梗、枳壳等分。水二钟，煎一钟，温服。（《南阳
活人书》）伤寒腹胀∶阴阳不和也，桔梗半夏汤主之。桔梗、半夏、陈皮各三钱，姜五片。
水二钟，煎一钟服。（《南阳活人书》）
痰嗽喘急∶桔梗一两半。为末。用童子小便半升，煎四合，去滓，温服。（《简要济众
方》）肺痈咳嗽∶胸满振寒，脉数咽干，不渴，时出浊唾腥臭，久久吐脓如粳米粥者，桔梗
汤主之。桔梗一两，甘草二两。水三升，煮一升，分温再服。朝暮吐脓血则瘥。（张仲景《金
匮玉函方》）喉痹毒瓦斯∶桔梗二两。水三升，煎一升，顿服。（《千金方》）少阴咽痛∶少阴
证，二、三日，咽痛者，可与甘草汤；不瘥者，与桔梗汤主之。桔梗一两，甘草二两。水三
升，煮一升，分服。（张仲景《伤寒论》）口舌生疮∶方同上。齿 肿痛∶桔梗、薏苡仁等分。
为末服。（《永类方》）骨槽风痛，牙根肿痛∶桔梗为末，枣瓤和丸皂子大。绵裹咬之。仍以
荆芥汤漱之。（《经验后方》）牙疳臭烂∶桔梗、茴香等分。烧研，敷之。（《卫生易简方》）
肝风眼黑∶目睛痛，肝风盛也，桔梗丸主之。桔梗一斤，黑牵牛（头末）三两，为末，蜜丸
梧
子大。每服四十丸，温水下，日二服。（《保命集》）鼻出衄血∶桔梗为末，水服方寸匕，日
四服。一加生犀角屑。（《普济方》）吐血下血∶方同上。打击瘀血在肠内，久不消，时发动
者。桔梗为末，米汤下一刀圭。（《肘后要方》）中蛊下血如鸡肝，昼夜出血石余，四脏皆损，
惟心未毁，或鼻破将死者。苦桔梗为末，以酒服方寸匕，日三服。不能下药，以物拗口灌之。
心中当烦，须臾自定，七日止。当食猪肝 以补之。神良。一方加犀角等分。（《古今录验》）
妊娠中恶，心腹疼痛∶桔梗一两（锉）。水一钟，生姜三片，煎六分，温服。（《圣惠方》）
小儿客忤，死不能言∶桔梗（烧研）三钱，米汤服之。仍吞麝香少许。（张文仲《备急方》）
芦头
【主治】吐上膈风热痰实，生研末，白汤调服一二钱，探吐（时珍）。
【气味】味甘、苦，性寒，无毒。
【主治】蛊毒引起的腹痛，面色青黄，身体消瘦如柴（林露骨立），煮取汁液一二升饮用（李时珍）。主治腹脏风邪壅滞，咳嗽气逆（苏颂）。
（《神农本草经》列为下品）
【释名】白药（《名医别录》）、梗草（《名医别录》）、荠葠（《神农本草经》）。
李时珍说：这种草的根部结实且茎干笔直，所以得名。《吴普本草》称它一名利如，一名符扈，一名房图，方书中未见记载，大概也是瘦辞罢了。桔梗和荠葠是一类植物，有甜、苦两种，所以《神农本草经》中桔梗又名荠葠，而现今俗称为甜桔梗。到了《名医别录》才单独列出荠葠条目，将其分为两物，然而它们的性味功用都不同，应当以《名医别录》的说法为正确。
【集解】《名医别录》说：桔梗，生长在嵩高山谷及冤句等地。二、八月采集根部，晒干。
吴普说：叶子像荠葠，茎像笔管，呈紫赤色，二月生苗。
陶弘景说：附近道路处处都有，二、三月生苗，可以煮食。桔梗治疗蛊毒，非常灵验。俗方使用此药，名叫荠葠。现在另有荠葠，能解药毒，可以冒充人参，叶子非常相似。只是荠葠叶下明亮滑泽无毛是不同之处，叶子生长也不像人参那样相对而生。
苏恭说：荠葠和桔梗，叶子有交错生长的，也有三、四对生的，都是一茎直上，叶子容易混淆，只有以根部是否有“心”来区别。
苏颂说：如今到处都有。根像小指粗细，黄白色。春天生苗，茎高一尺多。叶子像杏叶而长椭圆形，四片叶子相对而生，嫩时也可以煮食。夏天开小花，紫碧色，很像牵牛花，秋后结子。八月采集根部，其根有“心”，如果没有“心”的就是荠葠。关中地区出产的桔梗，根皮黄，像蜀葵根。茎细，青色。叶小，青色，像菊叶。
【修治】雷敩说：凡使用不要选用木梗，真像桔梗，只是咬起来腥味涩口难忍。凡使用桔梗，必须去掉头上尖硬部分二、三分，以及两侧附枝。在槐木砧板上细切，用生百合捣成膏，投入水中浸泡一个时辰（约两小时）后滤出，用慢火熬干使用。每四两桔梗，用百合二两五钱。
李时珍说：现今只需刮去浮皮，用米泔水浸泡一夜，切片微炒后使用。
【气味】味辛，微温，有小毒。吴普说：神农、医和认为：苦，无毒；黄帝、扁鹊认为：辛、咸；岐伯、雷公认为：甘，无毒。李当之认为：大寒。徐之才认为：苦、辛。李时珍说：应当以苦、辛、平性为正确。
徐之才说：节皮为其使药。畏白芨、龙眼、龙胆草；忌猪肉。得牡蛎、远志，可治疗愤怒情绪；得硝石、石膏，可治疗伤寒。白粥可解其毒。
李时珍说：能制约砒毒。徐之才所说的节皮，不知道是什么东西。
【主治】胸胁痛如刀刺，腹部胀满肠鸣幽幽，惊恐心悸（《神农本草经》）。
通利五脏肠胃，补血气，去除寒热风痹，温中消谷，治疗喉咽痛，下蛊毒（《名医别录》）。治疗痢疾，破血去积气，消除积聚痰涎，去除肺热气促咳嗽气逆，去除腹中冷痛，主治中恶及小儿惊痫（甄权）。
降下一切气，止霍乱转筋，心腹胀痛，补五劳，养气，去除邪气辟除温病，破除症瘕肺痈，养血排脓，补内漏及喉痹（孟诜）。通利窍道，去除肺部风热，清利头目咽喉，胸膈滞气及疼痛，去除鼻塞（张元素）。
治疗寒呕（李杲）。主治口舌生疮，赤目肿痛（李时珍）。
【发明】王好古说：桔梗气微温，味苦辛，味浓气轻，属于阳中之阴，主升。入足太阴肺经气分及足少阴肾经。
张元素说：桔梗清肺气，利咽喉，其色白，所以作为肺部引经药。
与甘草同用，作为舟楫之剂。如大黄苦泄峻下的药物，想要引导至胸中至高之分发挥作用，必须用辛甘之剂提升它。譬如铁石投入江中，没有船桨无法承载。所以诸药有此一味，就不能下沉。
李时珍说：朱肱《活人书》治疗胸中痞满不痛，用桔梗、枳壳，取其通肺利膈下气的作用。张仲景《伤寒论》治疗寒实结胸，用桔梗、贝母、巴豆，取其温中消谷破积的作用。又治疗肺痈吐脓，用桔梗、甘草，取其苦辛清肺，甘温泻火，又能排脓血、补内漏的作用。其治疗少阴证二、三天咽痛，也用桔梗、甘草，取其苦辛散寒，甘平除热，合而用之，能调和寒热。后人改名为甘桔汤，通用治疗咽喉口舌各种疾病。宋仁宗加上荆芥、防风、连翘，于是名为如圣汤，极言其疗效显著。按：王好古《医垒元戎》记载颇详细，说失音，加诃子；声音不出，加半夏；气逆，加陈皮；痰嗽，加知母、贝母；咳渴，加五味子；酒毒，加葛根；少气，加人参；呕吐，加半夏、生姜；吐脓血，加紫菀；肺痿，加阿胶；胸膈不利，加枳壳；心胸痞满，加枳实；目赤，加栀子、大黄；面肿，加茯苓；肤痛，加黄芩；发斑，加防风、荆芥；疫毒，加鼠粘子、大黄；不得眠，加栀子。朱震亨说：干咳嗽，是痰火之邪郁在肺中，宜用桔梗以开之；痢疾腹痛，是肺金之气郁在大肠，也宜用桔梗开之，后用治痢药。此药能开提气血，所以在气药中宜用之。
【附方】旧方十个，新方八个。胸满不痛：桔梗、枳壳等分。水二钟，煎至一钟，温服。（《南阳活人书》）伤寒腹胀：阴阳不和所致，桔梗半夏汤主治。桔梗、半夏、陈皮各三钱，姜五片。水二钟，煎至一钟服。（《南阳活人书》）
痰嗽喘急：桔梗一两半。研为末。用童子小便半升，煎至四合，去渣，温服。（《简要济众方》）肺痈咳嗽：胸满振寒，脉数咽干，不渴，时常吐出浊唾腥臭，久久吐出脓如粳米粥者，桔梗汤主治。桔梗一两，甘草二两。水三升，煮至一升，分两次温服。早晚吐脓血则痊愈。（张仲景《金匮玉函方》）喉痹毒瓦斯：桔梗二两。水三升，煎至一升，顿服。（《千金方》）少阴咽痛：少阴证，二、三天，咽痛者，可与甘草汤；不好转者，用桔梗汤主治。桔梗一两，甘草二两。水三升，煮至一升，分次服。（张仲景《伤寒论》）口舌生疮：方同上。齿龈肿痛：桔梗、薏苡仁等分。研为末服。（《永类方》）骨槽风痛，牙根肿痛：桔梗为末，枣瓤和丸皂子大。绵裹咬之。仍以荆芥汤漱之。（《经验后方》）牙疳臭烂：桔梗、茴香等分。烧研，敷之。（《卫生易简方》）肝风眼黑：目睛痛，肝风盛也，桔梗丸主治。桔梗一斤，黑牵牛（头末）三两，为末，蜜丸梧子大。每服四十丸，温水送下，日二服。（《保命集》）鼻出衄血：桔梗为末，水服方寸匕，日四服。一方加生犀角屑。（《普济方》）吐血下血：方同上。打击瘀血在肠内，久不消，时常发动者。桔梗为末，米汤下一刀圭。（《肘后要方》）中蛊下血如鸡肝，昼夜出血石余，四脏皆损，惟心未毁，或鼻破将死者。苦桔梗为末，以酒服方寸匕，日三服。不能下药，以物拗口灌之。心中当烦，须臾自定，七日止。当食猪肝羹以补之。神良。一方加犀角等分。（《古今录验》）妊娠中恶，心腹疼痛：桔梗一两（锉）。水一钟，生姜三片，煎至六分，温服。（《圣惠方》）小儿客忤，死不能言：桔梗（烧研）三钱，米汤服之。仍吞麝香少许。（张文仲《备急方》）
芦头
【主治】吐上膈风热痰实，生研末，白汤调服一二钱，探吐（李时珍）。
[Flavor and Nature] Sweet, bitter, cold, non-toxic.
[Indications] Gu poison (parasitic poisoning) causing abdominal pain, greenish-yellow complexion, emaciation with visible bones (lin lu gu li), decocted juice 1-2 sheng drunk (Shizhen). Mainly treats wind-phlegm obstruction in the abdominal organs, cough with rebellious qi (Susuong).
(Lower Grade in *Shennong Bencao Jing*)
[Names] Baiyao (*Bielu*), Gengcao (*Bielu*), Qipen (*Benjing*).
Shizhen said: The root of this herb is solid and the stem is straight, hence the name. *Wu Pu Bencao* calls it Liru, Fuhu, Fangtu; these names are not seen in medical texts, likely being obscure terms. Jiegeng and Qipen are of the same category, having sweet and bitter varieties. Thus, in *Benjing*, Jiegeng is also named Qipen, while nowadays it is commonly called sweet Jiegeng. It was not until *Bielu* that a separate entry for Qipen appeared, dividing them into two substances. However, their properties, flavors, and functions differ significantly; therefore, the account in *Bielu* should be considered correct.
[Collection and Explanation] *Bielu* states: Jiegeng grows in the valleys of Songshan Mountain and Yuanju. Roots are harvested in the second and eighth months and dried in the sun.
Pu said: Leaves resemble those of Qipen, stems are like pen tubes, purple-red in color, sprouting in the second month.
Hongjing said: Found everywhere near roads, sprouting in the second and third months, edible when boiled. Jiegeng effectively treats Gu poison. Common prescriptions use this herb, naming it Qipen. There is another Qipen which can detoxify medicines and may be confused with Ginseng; its leaves are very similar. The difference lies in the smooth, hairless underside of Qipen leaves, and the leaves do not grow opposite each other as in Ginseng.
Gong said: Both Qipen and Jiegeng have alternate leaf arrangements or whorls of three to four pairs, all growing on a single upright stem. Since the leaves are easily confused, they are distinguished by whether the root has a "heart" (core).
Song said: Now found everywhere. Roots are about the thickness of a little finger, yellowish-white. Sprouts emerge in spring, stems over one chi high. Leaves resemble apricot leaves but are longer and oval, growing in opposite pairs of four; tender leaves are also edible when boiled. Small purple-blue flowers bloom in summer, resembling Convolvulus flowers, bearing seeds in autumn. Roots are harvested in the eighth month; those with a "heart" are Jiegeng, while those without are Qipen. Jiegeng from Guanzhong has yellow skin, resembling Malva roots. Stems are thin and green. Leaves are small, green, resembling Chrysanthemum leaves.
[Processing] Shuo said: Do not use wooden stems that resemble Jiegeng but taste fishy and astringent. When using Jiegeng, remove the sharp, hard tip of 2-3 fen and lateral branches. Finely chop on a locust wood cutting board. Mix with paste made from fresh Lily Bulb, soak in water for one fu period (approx. 2 hours), filter out, and dry over slow fire. For every 4 liang of Jiegeng, use 2.5 liang of Lily Bulb.
Shizhen said: Nowadays, simply scrape off the floating skin, soak in rice washing water overnight, slice, and stir-fry lightly before use.
[Flavor and Nature] Pungent, slightly warm, slightly toxic. Pu said: Shennong and Yi He: Bitter, non-toxic; Yellow Emperor and Bian Que: Pungent, salty; Qibo and Leigong: Sweet, non-toxic. Lidang: Greatly cold. Quan: Bitter, pungent. Shizhen said: Bitter, pungent, and neutral should be considered correct.
Zhicai said: Jiepi is its guiding agent. Averse to Baiji, Longyan, and Gentiana scabra; avoid pork. With Oyster Shell and Polygala, treats anger; with Niter and Gypsum, treats Cold Damage. White porridge resolves its toxicity.
Shizhen said: It counteracts Arsenic. The "Jiepi" mentioned by Zhicai is unknown.
[Indications] Chest and hypochondriac pain like knife stabbing, abdominal fullness with rumbling intestines, fright palpitations (*Benjing*).
Benefits the five zang organs and gastrointestinal tract, nourishes blood and qi, removes wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, warms the middle to digest grains, treats sore throat, and expels Gu poison (*Bielu*). Treats dysentery, breaks up blood stasis and accumulated qi, eliminates phlegm accumulation, clears lung heat and shortness of breath/cough, removes cold pain in the abdomen, mainly treats sudden evil invasion and pediatric convulsions (Zhenquan).
Directs qi downward, stops cholera with spasms, epigastric/abdominal fullness and pain, tonifies the five deficiencies, nourishes qi, dispels pathogenic factors and warm pathogens, breaks up masses and lung abscesses, nourishes blood and discharges pus, tonifies internal leakage and sore throat (Daming). Opens orifices, clears wind-heat from the lungs, benefits head and eyes/throat, resolves stagnation and pain in the chest/diaphragm, relieves nasal congestion (Yuansu).
Treats cold vomiting (Gaog). Mainly treats mouth and tongue ulcers, red swollen painful eyes (Shizhen).
[Elucidation] Haogu said: Jiegeng is slightly warm in nature, bitter and pungent in flavor. Its flavor is strong while its qi is light, belonging to Yin within Yang, and has an ascending action. It enters the Qi level of the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
Yuansu said: Jiegeng clears lung qi and benefits the throat. Being white in color, it serves as a guiding herb for the Lung organ.
When used together with Licorice Root, it acts as a "boat and oar" vehicle. For harsh purgatives like Rhubarb that descend heavily, if one wishes to guide them to the highest part of the chest to achieve efficacy, pungent and sweet agents must be used to ascend. Just as iron or stone sinks in a river and cannot float without a boat, so too does adding this herb prevent other medicines from sinking excessively.
Shizhen said: In Zhu Gong's *Huoren Shu*, for chest oppression without pain, Jiegeng and Aurantium are used to open the lungs, benefit the diaphragm, and direct qi downward. In Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun*, for cold-solid chest binding, Jiegeng, Fritillaria, and Croton seed are used to warm the middle, digest grains, and break accumulations. For lung abscess with expectoration of pus, Jiegeng and Licorice Root are used for their bitter-pungent lung-clearing and sweet-warm fire-draining properties, as well as their ability to discharge pus/blood and tonify internal deficiency. For Shaoyin syndrome with sore throat after 2-3 days, Jiegeng and Licorice Root are used for bitter-pungent cold-dispelling and sweet-neutral heat-clearing effects, harmonizing cold and heat. Later generations renamed this Ganjie Tang, widely treating various throat and mouth diseases. Emperor Renzong of Song added Schizonepeta, Saposhnikovia, and Forsythia, naming it Rusheng Tang, emphasizing its efficacy. According to Wang Haogu's *Yilei Yuanrong*: for loss of voice, add Chebula; for inability to speak, add Pinellia; for rebellious qi, add Tangerine Peel; for phlegm-cough, add Anemarrhena and Fritillaria; for cough-thirst, add Schisandra; for alcohol toxicity, add Kudzu Root; for shortness of breath, add Ginseng; for vomiting, add Pinellia and Ginger; for spitting pus-blood, add Aster; for lung atrophy, add Donkey-hide Gelatin; for chest/diaphragm discomfort, add Aurantium; for chest/heart oppression, add Immature Bitter Orange; for red eyes, add Gardenia and Rhubarb; for facial swelling, add Poria; for skin pain, add Scutellaria; for macules, add Saposhnikovia and Schizonepeta; for epidemic toxin, add Plantago Seed and Rhubarb; for insomnia, add Gardenia. Zhenheng said: Dry cough is due to phlegm-fire郁 in the lungs, best treated with Jiegeng to open it; dysentery with abdominal pain is due to Lung Metal qi stagnating in the Large Intestine, also requiring Jiegeng to open it before using dysentery herbs. This herb opens and lifts qi and blood, thus suitable for use among qi-regulating herbs.
[Attached Prescriptions] Ten old, eight new. Chest fullness without pain: Equal parts Jiegeng and Aurantium. Decoct 2 zhong water to 1 zhong, take warm (*Nanyang Huoren Shu*). Cold Damage with abdominal distension: Caused by yin-yang disharmony, treated with Jiegeng Banxia Tang. Jiegeng, Pinellia, Citrus Peel 3 qian each, Ginger 5 slices. Decoct 2 zhong water to 1 zhong, take (*Nanyang Huoren Shu*).
Phlegm-cough with wheezing urgency: Jiegeng 1.5 liang. Powder. Decoct half sheng of urine from an uncircumcised boy to 4 he, strain, take warm (*Jianyao Jizhong Fang*). Lung Abscess Cough: Chest fullness, chills, rapid pulse, dry throat, no thirst, frequent expectoration of turbid foul-smelling sputum, eventually spitting pus like millet porridge. Treated with Jiegeng Tang. Jiegeng 1 liang, Licorice Root 2 liang. Decoct 3 sheng water to 1 sheng, divide into two warm doses. Recovery occurs when pus-blood is spit out morning and evening (*Jingui Yuhan Fang*). Pharyngitis/Dangerous Qi: Jiegeng 2 liang. Decoct 3 sheng water to 1 sheng, take in one dose (*Qianjin Fang*). Shaoyin Sore Throat: Shaoyin syndrome, 2-3 days, sore throat. Give Licorice Root Decoction first; if ineffective, give Jiegeng Tang. Jiegeng 1 liang, Licorice Root 2 liang. Decoct 3 sheng water to 1 sheng, divide doses (*Shanghan Lun*). Mouth/Tongue Ulcers: Same formula above. Gum Swelling/Pain: Equal parts Jiegeng and Coix Seed. Powder, take (*Yonglei Fang*). Alveolar Osteitis Pain, Gingival Swelling: Jiegeng powder mixed with jujube pulp into pills size of soap beans. Wrap in silk, bite. Rinse mouth with Schizonepeta decoction (*Jingyan Houfang*). Gangrenous Teeth/Foul Rot: Equal parts Jiegeng and Fennel. Burn, grind, apply (*Weisheng Yijian Fang*). Liver Wind Eye Blackness: Eye pain due to excess liver wind. Treated with Jiegeng Wan. Jiegeng 1 jin, Black Morning Glory Seed (first flush) 3 liang. Powder, honey pills size of wu zi. Take 40 pills with warm water, twice daily (*Baoming Ji*). Epistaxis: Jiegeng powder, take 1 cun bi with water, four times daily. One formula adds Raw Rhinoceros Horn shavings (*Puji Fang*). Hematemesis/Hematochezia: Same formula above. Blunt trauma with intestinal blood stasis, persistent and recurrent. Jiegeng powder, take 1 dao gui with rice soup (*Zhouhou Beifang*). Gu Poison with bloody stool like chicken liver, bleeding over a shi day and night, damage to four zang organs, heart intact, or broken nose near death. Bitter Jiegeng powder, take 1 cun bi with wine, three times daily. If unable to swallow, force open mouth and pour. Heart will feel restless then calm, stops after seven days. Eat pig liver soup to tonify. Excellent efficacy. One formula adds equal parts Rhinoceros Horn (*Gujin Lu Yan*). Pregnancy Evil Invasion, Abdominal Pain: Jiegeng 1 liang (chopped). Water 1 zhong, Ginger 3 slices, decoct to 6 fen, take warm (*Shenghui Fang*). Pediatric Ke Wu, Death-like State Unable to Speak: Jiegeng (burned/grinded) 3 qian, take with rice soup. Also swallow a small amount of Musk (*Beiji Fang*).
Lu Tou (Root Crown)
[Indications] Vomiting upper jiao wind-heat and phlegm-excess. Freshly ground to powder, taken with hot water 1-2 qian to induce vomiting (Shizhen).