气温。味辛涩。无毒。主虚劳冷泻。宿食不消。赤白泄利。腹中虚痛下气。（姜
汁炒）
砂仁气温。禀天春和之木气。入足厥阴肝经。味辛涩无毒。得地西方燥金之味。入手太
阴肺
经、足阳明胃经、手阳明大肠经。气味俱升。阳也。主虚劳冷泻者。阳虚而作劳。则真气愈
耗。所以土冷而泄泻也。砂仁气温益气。味涩可以止泄也。辛温温胃。胃暖则宿食自消。赤
白泻利。肠寒积滞也。辛温散寒。味涩止泄也。腹中虚痛。腹中阳气虚而寒痛也。温以益阳
。辛以散寒。所以止之。肺主气。下气者。辛能益肺。肺平气自下也。
制 方:
砂仁同人参、陈皮、藿香、白茯、白芍、炙草。治吐泻不食。同藿香、橘红、木瓜。治
霍乱
转筋。同川附、炮姜、浓朴、陈皮、饭丸。治冷痢。连壳炒黑末。热酒下二钱。安胎止痛。
用两许炒为末。入盐三钱。汤泡冷服。治干霍乱。
气大寒。味辛苦。无毒。主心腹结积。疰忤下气。破血。除风热。消痈肿。功力烈
于郁金。
姜黄气大寒、禀天冬寒之水气。入足少阴肾经、足太阳寒水膀胱经。味辛苦无毒。得地
金火
之二味。入手太阴肺经、手少阴心经。气味俱降。阴也。心腹心肺之分也。心主血。肺主气
。结积者。气血凝结之积也。其主之者。辛能散气。苦能破血也。疰忤者。湿热内疰。性与
物忤也。其主之者。苦寒清湿热也。下气者。苦寒降气也。破血者。辛苦行血也。除风热者
。风热为阳邪。外感太阳经。气寒清热。味辛散风也。苦寒而辛散。故又主痈肿。功力烈于
郁金者。气较郁金更寒也。
制 方:
姜黄同肉桂、枳壳。治左胁痛。同当归、生地、牛膝、延胡索、肉桂。治积血痛。同肉
桂末
。治中寒心痛。
【缩砂仁】
气味温热。味道辛、涩。无毒。主治虚劳引起的冷性腹泻，宿食不消化，赤白痢疾，腹部虚痛，并能降气。（用姜汁炒制）
砂仁气味温热，禀受春天温和的木气，入足厥阴肝经。味道辛、涩，无毒，禀受西方燥金的味，入手太阴肺经、足阳明胃经、手阳明大肠经。气味都主升，属于阳。主治虚劳冷泻，是因为阳气虚弱而劳作，导致真气更加耗损，所以脾土寒冷而发生泄泻。砂仁气温能益气，味涩可以止泻。辛温能温胃，胃暖则宿食自然消除。赤白痢疾，是肠寒积滞所致。辛温能散寒，味涩能止泻。腹中虚痛，是腹中阳气虚弱导致的寒痛。用温法以益阳，用辛味以散寒，所以能止痛。肺主气，所谓“下气”，是因为辛味能补益肺气，肺气平和则气自下降。
制方：
砂仁与人参、陈皮、藿香、白茯苓、白芍、炙甘草同用，治疗呕吐、腹泻、不能进食。与藿香、橘红、木瓜同用，治疗霍乱转筋。与川附子、炮姜、厚朴、陈皮同用，制成饭丸，治疗冷痢。连壳炒黑研末，热酒送服二钱，可安胎止痛。用一两炒为末，加入盐三钱，开水泡后冷服，治疗干霍乱。
【姜黄】
气味大寒。味道辛、苦。无毒。主治心腹结聚积块，疰忤之气下行，破血，去除风热，消散痈肿。其功效猛烈程度超过郁金。
姜黄气味大寒，禀受冬天寒冷的水气，入足少阴肾经、足太阳膀胱经（寒水经）。味道辛、苦，无毒，禀受金、火两种地味，入手太阴肺经、手少阴心经。气味都主降，属于阴。心腹指心和肺所在的部位。心主血，肺主气。结积，是气血凝结而成的积块。姜黄主治它，是因为辛味能散气，苦味能破血。疰忤，是湿热内侵，性质与人体相抵触。姜黄主治它，是因为苦寒能清利湿热。所谓“下气”，是因为苦寒能降气。所谓“破血”，是因为辛、苦能行血。所谓“除风热”，风热属于阳邪，外感太阳经，姜黄气寒能清热，味辛能散风。因为苦寒而辛散，所以又能主治痈肿。功效比郁金猛烈，是因为其气比郁金更寒。
[Sha Ren (Amomum Villosum Fruit)]
The thermal nature is warm. The flavor is pungent and astringent. It is non-toxic. It primarily treats cold diarrhea due to deficiency and exhaustion, indigestion of retained food, dysentery with red and white discharge, empty pain in the abdomen, and directs Qi downward. (Stir-fried with ginger juice)
Sha Ren has a warm thermal nature, inheriting the mild Wood Qi of spring, entering the Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Its flavor is pungent and astringent, non-toxic, inheriting the dry Metal flavor of the West, entering the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian, Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian, and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. Both its aroma and flavor ascend; it belongs to Yang. It treats cold diarrhea due to deficiency and exhaustion because when one labors while Yang Qi is deficient, the True Qi is further depleted, causing Cold in the Earth element leading to diarrhea. Sha Ren’s warm thermal nature tonifies Qi, and its astringent flavor can stop diarrhea. Pungent and warm, it warms the Stomach; when the Stomach is warm, retained food naturally digests. Red and white dysentery is caused by Cold accumulation and stagnation in the intestines. Pungent and warm disperses Cold, and astringent flavor stops diarrhea. Empty pain in the abdomen is Cold pain due to deficiency of Yang Qi in the abdomen. Using warmth to benefit Yang and pungency to disperse Cold thus stops the pain. The Lung governs Qi. "Directing Qi downward" means that pungency benefits the Lung; when Lung Qi is balanced, Qi descends naturally.
Prescription Formulation:
Sha Ren combined with Renshen (Ginseng Root), Chenpi (Aged Tangerine Peel), Huoxiang (Patchouli Herb), Baifuzi (Poria), Baishao (White Peony Root), and Zhigancao (Prepared Licorice Root) treats vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. Combined with Huoxiang, Juhong (Tangerine Peel), and Mugua (Chaenomeles Fruit), it treats cholera-like syndrome with muscle cramps. Combined with Chuanfuzi (Prepared Aconite Root), Paojiang (Prepared Ginger), Houpo (Magnolia Bark), and Chenpi, formed into pills with rice paste, it treats cold dysentery. The fruit with shell stir-fried until black and powdered, taken with hot wine, two qian, calms the fetus and relieves pain. One liang stir-fried into powder, mixed with three qian of salt, soaked in water and taken cold, treats dry cholera.
[Jiang Huang (Curcuma Longa Rhizome)]
The thermal nature is greatly cold. The flavor is pungent and bitter. It is non-toxic. It primarily treats knotting and accumulation in the heart and abdomen, downward movement of Zhu-wu pathogenic factors, breaks blood stasis, eliminates wind-heat, and dissipates carbuncles and swellings. Its efficacy is more potent than that of Yujin (Turmeric Tuber).
Jiang Huang has a greatly cold thermal nature, inheriting the cold Water Qi of winter, entering the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian (Cold Water Meridian). Its flavor is pungent and bitter, non-toxic, inheriting the flavors of Metal and Fire from the earth, entering the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian. Both its aroma and flavor descend; it belongs to Yin. "Heart and abdomen" refers to the regions of the Heart and Lung. The Heart governs Blood, and the Lung governs Qi. Knotting and accumulation refer to masses formed by the coagulation of Qi and Blood. Jiang Huang treats this because pungency can disperse Qi, and bitterness can break Blood. Zhu-wu refers to damp-heat invading internally, where the nature of the pathogen clashes with the body. Jiang Huang treats this because bitter-cold clears damp-heat. "Directing Qi downward" refers to the descending action of bitter-cold. "Breaking blood" refers to the blood-moving action of pungent and bitter flavors. "Eliminating wind-heat" refers to Wind-Heat, which are Yang pathogens affecting the exterior Taiyang Meridian; Jiang Huang's cold nature clears heat, and its pungency disperses wind. Due to being bitter-cold and pungently dispersing, it also treats carbuncles and swellings. Its efficacy is more potent than Yujin because its thermal nature is colder than that of Yujin.
Prescription Formulation:
Jiang Huang combined with Rougui (Cinnamon Bark) and Zhike (Bitter Orange Fruit) treats left hypochondriac pain. Combined with Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Shengdi (Rehmannia Root), Niuxi (Achyranthes Root), Yanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizome), and Rougui, it treats pain due to accumulated blood stasis. Combined with Rougui powder, it treats heart pain due to cold invasion.