始因风寒伤肺，变生痰饮，复遇外邪闭塞，滞痰郁气不舒，是证作矣。有因咸酸致伤，实人
宜吐痰，忌生冷浓味，药忌寒凉。
主方 麻黄（二钱） 杏仁 石膏（ ） 陈皮 半夏 茯苓 桑皮 款花 苏子（各一钱）
甘草（五分） 上加生姜三片，葱头二个，细茶一撮，白果念个（去衣打碎），煎成。磨沉
、木香各五分服。
宁肺丸 哮吼喘急，咳嗽痰涎，抬肩撷肚，不能睡卧，风冷尤甚。
南星（圆小粉团者，泡三次，四两） 蛤粉（浓大者 ） 青黛（画家用者） 半夏（泡七
次。各一两） 兜铃（去梗） 蜂房（炙。各五钱） 天竺黄 白矾（各三钱，信制法∶用明矾
，白砒各三钱同研，入小砂罐内，瓦盖铁丝扎，盐泥通身溏好眼，干，炭火 红，待冷开，止存
矾钱半许）。
各研细末，称和用薄面糊为丸，如粟米大，每服大人三分，小儿分半，临睡萝卜或米汤茶下
，忌咸
酸生冷。
简便方 萝卜子研末，姜汁调薄糊细丸，每三十丸津咽。
又 鸡子（一个，）略敲浸尿缸，三日煮食。
（附∶短气）
经曰∶诸病喘满，皆属于热。又曰∶淫气喘息，痹聚在肺。夫喘急之候，发则张口抬肩，摇
身撷肚，而作哮吼之声。痰壅喉中，声如拽锯，或如水鸡之响，此内外邪干而气实也。有气为火
郁，而痰在肺胃之间；有水气乘肺，而肺虚挟寒作喘；有肺虚挟热，火炎而喘；有惊忧气遏，肺
胀而喘；有胃络不和而喘；有肾虚不能摄气而喘。然未有不由痰火内郁，风寒外束。经曰∶热为
寒包，则喘者明矣。又喘则必胀，胀则必喘何也？盖肺朝百脉，通调水道，下输膀胱，小便出焉
。如肺受邪而失降下之令，则小便渐短而发肿，此必先喘后胀属肺病。当清肺降气，分利水道。
夫脾主肌肉，脾土受邪，不能制水，妄渍肌肉而为肿。肺无母气之养，反得泛溢之侵，气不下行
而为喘。此必先胀后喘属脾病，当理脾渗湿，顺气定喘，宜分标本先后治之。短气者，似喘而实
非喘，因元气虚少，气不接续而然。或有气从脐下起，直冲清道而上，乃正气虚损，切宜认辨（喘
急攻邪，短气养正），二证霄壤，误治必危。喘证脉浮滑，手足温者生，沉涩急疾代止，肢冷自
汗者死。治喘发时宜散表清里；未发时攻补随宜。
主方 陈皮 半夏 枳壳 桔梗 紫苏 麻黄 杏仁（等分） 甘草（减半） 加生姜三
片，黑枣一枚，水煎服。
嗽加桑皮、冬花、紫菀。气壅加栝蒌、卜子、苏子。乍喘乍止，贝母、麦冬。肺火，枯芩、
枇杷叶；甚加葶苈子、槟榔。
五虎汤 治风寒喘急，哮吼不卧。
麻黄 杏仁（研） 软石膏（ 。各二钱） 甘草（七分） 细茶（钱半） 加桑皮（一钱）
上加生姜三片，葱头三个，水煎热服。痰多，合枳桔二陈汤。
千缗汤 治风痰壅盛，喘促不能睡，一服安。
半夏（四个，泡，切） 南星（二个，泡，切） 甘草（炙，一寸，切） 皂荚（炙，去皮
弦，一寸）
姜指大，水煎服。
苏子降气汤 虚阳上攻，气不升降，上盛下虚，痰壅喘嗽。
真苏子（三钱） 陈皮 浓朴 前胡（各二钱） 肉桂 半夏（制） 当归 南星（各一钱）
甘草（五分）
上加生姜三片，枣一枚，水煎服。寒喘去前、半、当、星，加干姜（一钱），加姜煎，调砂
仁（一钱）；磨沉、木香各三分。
四磨汤 治七情之气郁结而喘。
喘而肿，三花神 丸（方见痰门）。
真沉香 槟榔 枳壳 乌药（各磨，三分） 汤调服。
安气汤 治弱人肾虚，不能纳气，气不归元而喘。
人参（五分） 五味子（九粒） 麦冬 酸枣仁（炒，研） 山药 茯苓 阿胶（各一钱）
煎成，冲化阿胶服。次八味地黄丸减桂，加五味（二两），参（一两），丸服。
简便方 桔梗一两，童便一钟，煎八分，去渣服。
喘甚∶葶苈（一钱，隔纸炒，研） 蜜丸，水二钟，枣（十枚），煮一钟，去枣入丸，煮八分
服。
又 真沉香末、朱砂（各三分） 汤调服。或川椒子（沉水者，研，一钱，）姜汤下。
又 杏仁（炒，研），和米煮食。
火喘∶石膏（二两，研细） 甘草（炙，研，五钱和），每三钱姜蜜汤下。
灸法 膻中（穴在两乳折中） 气海（脐下二寸）
喘证忌苦寒药。
短气方 人参 白术 茯苓 陈皮（各一钱） 杏仁 紫苏子 当归 桑皮（各七分）
甘草（五分）
加姜一、枣一，水煎。磨沉、木香各三分，服。
起初是因为风寒侵袭肺部，导致痰饮生成，再次遇到外邪闭塞，致使滞痰和郁结之气不得舒展，此病证便发作了。有的因为食用咸酸食物损伤身体，体质壮实者应当催吐以祛除痰涎，忌食生冷及浓烈滋腻的食物，用药禁忌寒凉之品。
主方：麻黄（二钱）、杏仁、石膏（未注明剂量）、陈皮、半夏、茯苓、桑白皮、款冬花、苏子（各一钱）、甘草（五分）。上方加入生姜三片、葱头二个、细茶一撮、白果二十个（去掉外皮打碎），煎煮成汤。服用时磨入沉香、木香各五分。
宁肺丸：主治哮吼喘急，咳嗽多痰，耸肩缩腹，无法平卧，遇风冷症状加重。
制法：天南星（选圆小粉团状者，浸泡三次，四两）、蛤粉（选用颗粒粗大者）、青黛（画家用的）、半夏（浸泡七次，各一两）、紫菀（去梗）、蜂房（炙烤，各五钱）、天竺黄、白矾（各三钱。信石制法：用明矾和白砒各三钱共同研磨，放入小砂罐内，用瓦片覆盖并用铁丝扎紧，全身涂抹盐泥封好留一个小孔，晒干后炭火煅烧至红透，待冷却后打开，仅剩约半钱明矾）。
将上述药材分别研成细末，称量混合，用稀薄面糊制成如粟米大小的药丸。每次成人服三分，小儿减半，临睡前用萝卜或米汤送服，忌食咸、酸、生冷之物。
简便方：萝卜子研成粉末，用姜汁调和稀面糊制成小药丸，每次吞服三十丸。
又方：鸡蛋一个，轻轻敲破后浸入尿缸中，三天后煮熟食用。
（附注：短气）
《内经》说：各种气喘胀满的病证，大多属于热证。又说：淫邪之气导致喘息，痹症积聚在肺部。所谓喘急的症状，发作时张口抬肩，摇动身体收缩腹部，并发出哮吼的声音。痰液壅塞喉中，声音像拉锯一样，或者像水鸡叫的声音，这是内外邪气干扰且气机实证的表现。有的是气被火邪郁遏，而痰位于肺胃之间；有的是水气乘袭肺部，肺气虚兼夹寒邪而作喘；有的是肺虚兼夹热邪，火热炎上而致喘；有的是因惊恐忧虑导致气机遏制，肺胀而喘；有的是胃络不和而喘；有的是肾虚不能摄纳气息而喘。然而，没有不是由痰火内郁、风寒外束引起的。经书说：热邪被寒邪包裹，那么喘证的机理就明确了。另外，喘必然伴随胀满，胀满必然伴随喘，为什么呢？这是因为肺朝百脉，通调水道，向下输送至膀胱，形成小便排出。如果肺受邪气侵犯而失去肃降的功能，那么小便逐渐减少并发生水肿，这一定是先喘后胀，属于肺病。应当清肺降气，分利水道。脾主肌肉，脾土受邪，不能制约水湿，水湿妄行浸渍肌肉而导致肿胀。肺失去了脾母气的滋养，反而受到水湿泛滥的侵害，气不能下行而导致喘。这一定是先胀后喘，属于脾病，应当调理脾胃渗湿，顺气定喘，适宜分清标本先后进行治疗。短气，看似喘但实际上不是喘，是因为元气虚弱不足，气息不接续所致。有的气从脐下升起，直冲咽喉而上，这是正气虚损，务必仔细辨别（喘急宜攻邪，短气宜扶正），这两种证候相差悬殊，误治必定危险。喘证脉象浮滑，手足温暖者预后良好；脉象沉涩、急促、代止，四肢冰冷自汗者预后不良。治疗喘证发作时宜发散表邪、清解里热；未发作时根据情况攻补适宜。
主方：陈皮、半夏、枳壳、桔梗、紫苏、麻黄、杏仁（等分）、甘草（减半）。加生姜三片、黑枣一枚，水煎服。
咳嗽加桑白皮、款冬花、紫菀。气机壅滞加瓜蒌、莱菔子、苏子。喘促乍起乍止，加贝母、麦冬。肺火旺，加枯芩、枇杷叶；严重时加葶苈子、槟榔。
五虎汤：主治风寒引起的喘急，哮吼不能平卧。
麻黄、杏仁（研碎）、软石膏（未注明剂量，各二钱）、甘草（七分）、细茶（一钱半）。加桑白皮（一钱）。上方加生姜三片、葱头三个，水煎热服。痰多者，合用枳桔二陈汤。
千缗汤：主治风痰壅盛，喘促不能入睡，服用一次即安。
半夏（四个，浸泡，切片）、天南星（二个，浸泡，切片）、甘草（炙烤，一寸，切片）、皂荚（炙烤，去皮弦，一寸）。生姜指头大小，水煎服。
苏子降气汤：主治虚阳上攻，气机升降失常，上盛下虚，痰壅喘嗽。
真苏子（三钱）、陈皮、厚朴、前胡（各二钱）、肉桂、半夏（制）、当归、天南星（各一钱）、甘草（五分）。上方加生姜三片、大枣一枚，水煎服。若是寒喘，去掉前胡、半夏、当归、天南星，加干姜（一钱），加生姜煎煮，调入砂仁（一钱）；磨入沉香、木香各三分。
四磨汤：主治七情之气郁结导致的喘证。
喘而伴肿胀，可用三花神丸（方剂见痰门章节）。
真沉香、槟榔、枳壳、乌药（各磨粉三分），用汤药调服。
安气汤：主治体弱之人肾虚，不能纳气，气不归元而致喘。
人参（五分）、五味子（九粒）、麦冬、酸枣仁（炒，研碎）、山药、茯苓、阿胶（各一钱）。煎成后，冲化阿胶服用。随后服用八味地黄丸减去肉桂，加入五味子（二两），人参（一两），制成丸药服用。
简便方：桔梗一两，童便一杯，煎至八分，去渣服用。
喘甚者：葶苈子（一钱，隔纸炒，研碎），蜜丸，用水两杯，大枣十枚，煮取一杯，去掉枣肉放入药丸，再煮至八分服用。
又方：真沉香末、朱砂（各三分），用汤药调服。或者用川椒子（沉水的，研碎，一钱），姜汤送服。
又方：杏仁（炒，研碎），与米同煮食用。
火喘：石膏（二两，研细）、甘草（炙烤，研碎，五钱混合），每次三钱，用姜蜜汤送服。
短气方：人参、白术、茯苓、陈皮（各一钱）、杏仁、紫苏子、当归、桑白皮（各七分）、甘草（五分）。加生姜一片、大枣一枚，水煎。磨入沉香、木香各三分，服用。
Initially, it is caused by wind-cold injuring the Lung, transforming into phlegm-fluids. When re-exposed to external pathogens causing closure, stagnant phlegm and depressed Qi fail to circulate freely, thus this syndrome manifests. Some cases are caused by damage from salty and sour foods; in robust individuals, expectoration of phlegm is indicated, while raw/cold and rich/heavy flavors are contraindicated, and cold-natured herbs should be avoided.
Main Formula: Mahuang (Caulis Ephedrae) (2 qian), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) [dose unspecified], Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae), Fuling (Poria), Sangbai (Cortex Mori), Kuandonghua (Flos Farfarae), Suzi (Fructus Perillae) (each 1 qian), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (0.5 qian). Add three slices of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), two scallion heads, a pinch of fine tea, and twenty Baiguo (Semen Ginkgo) (peeled and crushed). Decoct and administer. Take with ground Chenxiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) and Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae) each 0.5 qian.
Ningfei Wan (Lung-Calming Pill): Treats xiaohou (wheezing stridor) and rapid panting, cough with profuse sputum, raising shoulders and drawing in abdomen, inability to lie flat, worsened by wind-cold.
Preparation: Nanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis) (select small round powder-like pieces, soak three times, 4 liang), Haifen (Calx Conchae), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) (for painters use), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) (soak seven times, each 1 liang), Dailing (Fructus Stemonae), Fengfang (Cella Nidus Vespae) (roasted, each 5 qian), Tianzhuhuang (Spiraris Caulis), Baijian (Alumen) (each 3 qian. Xinshi preparation method: Grind Mingfan (Alumen) and Baipi (Arsenic Trioxide) each 3 qian together, place in a small clay pot, cover with tile, secure with iron wire, seal entire pot with salt mud leaving a small hole, dry, roast over charcoal until red hot, cool down, open to find only about half a qian of alum remains).
Grind each into fine powder, weigh and mix, bind with thin wheat paste into pills the size of millet seeds. Adults take 3 fen, children take half. Swallow before sleep with radish or rice soup/tea. Avoid salty, sour, raw, and cold foods.
Simple Prescription: Luobozhi (Fructus Brassicae Radiculae) ground into powder, mixed with Jiangzhi (Jingiberis汁) and thin paste into small pills. Swallow thirty pills at a time with saliva.
Another Method: One Ji Zi (Ovum Gallus Domesticum), slightly cracked, soaked in urine chamber for three days, then boiled and eaten.
(Attachment: Shortness of Breath / Duanqi)
The Classics state: All diseases involving panting and fullness belong to Heat. It also states: Pathogenic Qi causing panting indicates Bi syndrome gathering in the Lung. The signs of rapid panting include opening the mouth, raising shoulders, shaking the body, drawing in the abdomen, and producing wheezing sounds. Phlegm obstructs the throat, sounding like sawing wood or like a water fowl. This is due to internal and external pathogens interfering with excess Qi. In some cases, Qi is depressed by Fire, with phlegm located between the Lung and Stomach; in others, Water-Qi attacks the Lung, with Lung deficiency combined with Cold causing panting; in others, Lung deficiency combined with Heat causes panting due to flaming-up Fire; in others, fright and worry cause Qi obstruction, Lung distension, and panting; in others, disharmony of the Stomach collaterals causes panting; in others, Kidney deficiency fails to grasp Qi, causing panting. However, none arise without internal depression of Phlegm-Fire and external constraint by Wind-Cold. The Classics say: When Heat is wrapped by Cold, the mechanism of panting is clear. Furthermore, why does panting always accompany distension, and distension always pant? Because the Lung governs all vessels, regulates water passages, transports downward to the Bladder, and excretes urine. If the Lung is invaded by pathogens and loses its descending function, urine output gradually decreases and edema develops; this is first panting then distension, belonging to Lung disease. One should clear the Lung, descend Qi, and separate/drain water passages. The Spleen governs muscles; if Spleen Earth is invaded and cannot control Water, water floods muscles causing swelling. The Lung, lacking nourishment from the Spleen (Mother Qi), suffers from flooding invasion, Qi fails to descend, causing panting; this is first distension then panting, belonging to Spleen disease. One should regulate the Spleen, leach out dampness, smooth Qi, and calm panting, treating according to root and branch priority. Duanqi (shortness of breath) resembles panting but is not true panting; it is caused by deficiency of Yuan Qi (Primordial Qi) and discontinuous breathing. Sometimes Qi rises from below the navel, rushing straight up the clear pathways; this is severe deficiency of upright Qi and must be carefully distinguished (rapid panting requires expelling pathogens, shortness of breath requires supporting righteousness); these two syndromes are worlds apart, and misdiagnosis will be dangerous. For panting, if the pulse is floating and slippery, and hands/feet are warm, prognosis is good; if pulse is deep, choppy, rapid, intermittent, and limbs are cold with spontaneous sweating, prognosis is fatal. During an attack, treat by releasing the exterior and clearing the interior; when not attacking, tonify or purge as appropriate.
Main Formula: Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae), Zhike (Fructus Aurantii), Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis), Zisu (Folium Perillae), Mahuang (Caulis Ephedrae), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) (equal parts), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (half dose). Add three slices of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) and one black date. Decoct in water and take.
For cough, add Sangbai (Cortex Mori), Donghua (Flos Farfarae), Ziwan (Radix Asteris). For Qi stagnation, add Gualou (Fructus Trichosanthis), Bozi (Fructus Brassicae Radiculae), Suzi (Fructus Perillae). For intermittent panting, add Beimu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae), Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis). For Lung Fire, add Kuqin (Radix Scutellariae), Pipaye (Folium Eriobotryae); if severe, add Tinglizi (Semen Lepidii et Descurainiae), Binglang (Fructus Arecae).
Wuhu Tang (Five Tigers Decoction): Treats wind-cold panting, wheezing stridor preventing lying down.
Mahuang (Caulis Ephedrae), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) (crushed), Ruangao (Gypsum Fibrosum) [dose unspecified, each 2 qian], Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (0.7 qian), Xicha (Fine Tea) (1.5 qian). Add Sangbai (Cortex Mori) (1 qian). Add three slices of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) and three scallion heads. Decoct in water, take hot. If phlegm is abundant, combine with Zhijie Erchen Tang (Bitter Orange and Two-Aged Decoction).
Qianmin Tang (Thousand Strings Decoction): Treats excessive wind-phlegm obstruction, panting preventing sleep, effective after one dose.
Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) (four pieces, soaked, sliced), Nanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis) (two pieces, soaked, sliced), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (roasted, one inch, sliced), Zaojiao (Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis) (roasted, peel and thorns removed, one inch). Piece of ginger the size of a finger. Decoct in water and take.
Suzi Jiangqi Tang (Perilla Seed Descending Qi Decoction): Treats upward assault of deficient Yang, failure of Qi ascending/descending, excess above and deficiency below, phlegm obstruction with panting and cough.
Zhen Suzi (Fructus Perillae) (3 qian), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), Houpo (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis), Qianhu (Radix Peucedani), Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi), Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae) (processed), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Nanxing (Rhizoma Arisaematis) (each 1 qian), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (0.5 qian). Add three slices of Shengjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) and one date. Decoct in water and take. For cold panting, remove Qianhu, Banxia, Danggui, Nanxing; add Ganjiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis) (1 qian), decoct with ginger, mix with Sharen (Fructus Amomi Rotundus) (1 qian); grind Chenxiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) and Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae) each 0.3 qian.
Simotang (Four-Steaming Decoction): Treats panting caused by emotional Qi stagnation.
If panting with swelling, use Sanhua Shen Wan (Three-Flower Divine Pill) (formula see Phlegm section).
Zhen Chenxiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum), Binglang (Fructus Arecae), Zhike (Fructus Aurantii), Wuyao (Radix Linderae) (each ground to 0.3 qian powder), taken with decoction.
Anqi Tang (Qi-Pacifying Decoction): Treats weak individuals with Kidney deficiency failing to grasp Qi, Qi not returning to origin, causing panting.
Renshen (Radix Ginseng) (0.5 qian), Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae) (nine grains), Maidong (Radix Ophiopogonis), Zaoren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae) (stir-fried, crushed), Shanyao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae), Fuling (Poria), Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini) (each 1 qian). Decoct, dissolve Ejiao, and take. Subsequently, take Bawei Dihuang Wan (Eight-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) minus Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi), add Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae) (2 liang), Renshen (Radix Ginseng) (1 liang), made into pills.
Simple Prescription: Jiegeng (Radix Platycodonis) 1 liang, Tongbian (Infans Urine) one cup. Decoct to 0.8 cup, strain and take.
Severe panting: Tinglizi (Semen Lepidii et Descurainiae) (1 qian, stir-fried through paper, crushed), honey pills. With two cups of water and ten dates, boil to one cup, remove dates, add pills, boil to 0.8 cup and take.
Another Method: Zhen Chenxiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) powder, Zhusha (Cinnabaris) (each 0.3 qian), taken with decoction. Or Chuanjiaoziren (Semen Zanthoxyli) (sunken type, crushed, 1 qian), taken with ginger soup.
Another Method: Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum) (stir-fried, crushed), cooked with rice and eaten.
Fire Panting: Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (2 liang, finely crushed), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (roasted, crushed, 5 qian mixed). Each 3 qian taken with ginger-honey soup.
Moxibustion Points: Danzhong (CV-17) (midpoint between nipples), Qihai (CV-6) (2 cun below umbilicus).
Panting syndrome contraindicates bitter-cold herbs.
Shortness of Breath Formula: Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), Fuling (Poria), Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) (each 1 qian), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum), Zisu Zi (Fructus Perillae), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Sangbai (Cortex Mori) (each 0.7 qian), Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) (0.5 qian). Add one slice of ginger, one date. Decoct in water. Grind Chenxiang (Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum) and Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae) each 0.3 qian, take.