不治已病治未病。（见摄生类七。）
凡治病，察其形气色泽，脉之盛衰，病之新故，乃治之无后其时。形气相得，谓之可治；色泽以浮，谓之易已；脉
从四时，谓之可治；脉弱以滑，是有胃气，命曰易治，取之以时。形气相失，谓之难治；色夭不泽，谓之难治；脉实以
坚，谓之益甚；脉逆四时，为不可治。必察四难而明告之。（脉色十二。）
故治不法天之纪，不用地之理，则灾害至矣。（阴阳四。）
故治病者，必明六化分治，五味五色所生，五脏所宜，乃可以言盈虚病生之绪也。（运气二十四。）
凡治病必察其下，适其脉，观其志意，与其病也。拘于鬼神者，不可与言至德。恶于针石者，不可与言至巧。病不
许治者，病不必治，治之无功矣。（藏象十一。）
能别阴阳十二经者，知病之所生。候虚实之所在者，能得病之高下。知六腑之气街者，能知解结契绍于门户。能知
虚石之坚软者，知补泻之所在。能知六经标本者，可以无惑于天下。（经络十二。）
一曰治神，二曰知养身，三曰知毒药为真，四曰制砭石小大，五曰知腑脏血气之诊。（针刺九。）
必审问其所始病，与今之所方病，而后各切循其脉，视其经络浮沉，以上下逆从循之。（脉色二十五。）
上工救其萌芽，下工救其已成。（针刺十三。）
上工十全九，中工十全七，下工十全六。（脉色十七。）
粗工凶凶，以为可攻，故病未已，新病复起。（论治十七。）
粗工嘻嘻，以为可知，言热未已，寒病复始，同气异形，迷诊乱经，此之谓也。（标本二。）
毒药攻邪，五谷为养，五果为助，五畜为益，五菜为充，气味合而服之，以补精益气。（疾病二十四。）
标本逆从，治有先后。（标本五。）
病反其本，中标之病，治反其本，中标之方。（标本类三。）
有逆取而得者，有从取而得者。逆，正顺也。若顺，逆也。故曰知标与本，用之不殆，明知逆顺，正行无问，此之
谓也。（标本二。）
病生于内者，先治其阴，后治其阳，反者益甚；病生于阳者，先治其外，后治其内，反者益甚。（脉色三十二。）
阴盛而阳虚，先补其阳，后泻其阴而和之。阴虚而阳盛，先补其阴，后泻其阳而和之。虚而泻之，是为重虚，重虚
病益甚。（针刺八。）
病生于头者头重，生于手者臂重，生于足者足重，治病者先刺其病所从生者也。病先起阴者，先治其阴而后治其阳；
病先起阳者，先治其阳而后治其阴。（针刺五十三。）
无形而痛者，其阳完而阴伤之也，急治其阴，无攻其阳；有形而不痛者，其阴完而阳伤之也，急治其阳，无攻其阴。
（针刺三十一。）
必先度其形之肥瘦，以调其气之虚实，实则泻之，虚则补之。必先去其血脉而后调之，无问其病，以平为期。（脉色
五。）
其少长大小肥瘦，以心撩之，命曰法天之常。（经络三十三。）
有者求之，无者求之，虚者责之，实者责之。（疾病类一。）
补上下者从之，治上下者逆之，以所在寒热盛衰而调之。故曰∶上取下取，内取外取，以求其过。能毒者以浓药，
不胜毒者以薄药。此之谓也。气反者，病在上，取之下；病在下，取之上；病在中，旁取之。治热以寒，温而行之；治
寒以热，凉而行之；治温以清，冷而行之；治清以温，热而行之。故消之削之，吐之下之，补之泻之，久新同法。（运气
十四。）
诛伐无过，命曰大惑，反乱大经，真不可复，绝人长命，予人夭殃。（针刺十五。）
帝曰∶或有导引行气、乔摩灸熨、刺 饮药之一者，可独守耶？将尽行之乎？岐伯曰∶诸方者，众人之方也，非一
人之所尽行也。此乃所谓守一勿失、万物毕者也。（疾病九十四。）
帝曰∶其祝而已者，其故何也？岐伯曰∶先巫者，因知百病之胜，先知其病之所从生者，可祝而已矣。（疾病三十三。）
肝苦急，急食甘以缓之。（疾病二十四。）
夺血者无汗，夺汗者无血。（经络二十三。）
所谓经治者，饮药，亦曰灸刺。（针刺二十九。）
起所有余，知所不足。（脉色七。）
盛者泻之，虚者饮药以补之。（经络六。）
少气者，脉口人迎俱少而不称尺寸也。如是者，则阴阳俱不足，补阳则阴竭，泻阴则阳脱。如是者，可将以甘药，
不可饮以至剂。如此者弗灸，不已者因而泻之，则五脏气坏矣。（针刺二十八。）
诸小者，阴阳形气俱不足，勿取以针，而调以甘药也。（脉色十九。）
形苦志苦，病生于咽嗌，治之以甘药。（论治十。）
泻虚补实，神去其室，致邪失正，真不可定，粗之所败，谓之夭命。（疾病五十六。）
无实无虚，损不足而益有余。夺阴者死，夺阳者狂。（针刺五十九。）
五虚勿近，五实勿远。（针刺九。）
形气不足， 病气有余，是邪胜也，急泻之；形气有余，病气不足，急补之；形气不足，病气不足，此阴阳气俱不足
也，不可刺之。故曰有余者泻之，不足者补之。（针刺五十六。）
夫气之胜也，微者随之，甚者制之。气之复也，和者平之，暴者夺之。皆随胜气，安其屈伏，无问其数，以平为期。
（运气二十九。）
木郁达之，火郁发之，土郁夺之，金郁泄之，水郁折之，然调其气，过者折之，以其畏也，所谓泻之。帝曰∶假者
何如？岐伯曰∶有假其气，则无禁也。所谓主气不足，客气胜也。（运气二十三。）
司岁备物，则无遗主矣。上淫于下，所胜平之；外淫于内，所胜治之。谨察阴阳所在而调之，以平为期，正者正治，
反者反治。（运气二十四。）
治诸胜复，寒者热之，热者寒之，温者清之，清者温之，散者收之，抑者散之，燥者润之，急者缓之，坚者软之，
脆者坚之，衰者补之，强者泻之，各安其气，必清必静，则病气衰去，归其所宗，此治之大体也。（运气二十八。）
帝曰∶客主之胜复，治之奈何？岐伯曰∶高者抑之，下者举之，有余者折之，不足者补之，佐以所利，和以所宜，
必安其主客，适其寒温，同者逆之，异者从之。帝曰∶治寒以热，治热以寒，气相得者逆之，不相得者从之，余已知之
矣；其于正味何如？岐伯曰∶木位之主，其泻以酸，其补以辛。火位之主，其泻以甘，其补以咸。土位之主，其泻以苦，
其补以甘。金位之主，其泻以辛，其补以酸。水位之主，其泻以咸，其补以苦。厥阴之客，以辛补之，以酸泻之，以甘
缓之。少阴之客，以咸补之，以甘泻之，以咸收之。太阴之客，以甘补之，以苦泻之，以甘缓之。少阳之客，以咸补之，
以甘泻之，以咸软之。阳明之客，以酸补之，以辛泻之，以苦泄之。太阳之客，以苦补之，以咸泻之，以苦坚之，以辛
润之，开发腠理，致津液，通气也。（运气三十。）
上下所主，随其攸利，正其味，则其要也，左右同法。少阳之主，先甘后咸；阳明之主，先辛后酸；太阳之主，先
咸后苦，厥阴之主，先酸后辛；少阴之主，先甘后咸；太阴之主，先苦后甘。佐以所利，资以所生，是谓得气。（运气三
十四。）
故岁宜苦以燥之温之，必折其郁气，先资其化源，抑其运气，扶其不胜，无使暴过而生其疾。食岁谷以全其真，避
虚邪以安其正。适气同异，多少制之，同寒湿者燥热化，异寒湿者燥湿化，故同者多之，异者少之。用寒远寒，用凉远
凉，用温远温，用热远热，食宜同法。有假者反常，反是者病，所谓时也。（运气十七。此在太阳司天条下，余俱当考。）
适寒凉者胀，之温热者疮，下之则胀已，汗之则疮已。西北之气，散而寒之，东南之气，收而温之，所谓同病异治
也。故曰气寒气凉，治以寒凉，行水渍之。气温气热，治以温热，强其内守。必同其气，可使平也，假者反之。故治病
者，必明天道地理，阴阳更胜，气之先后，人之寿夭，生化之期，乃可以知人之形气矣。（运气十六。）
冬则闭塞。闭塞者，用药而少针石也。（针刺五十五。）
不治，法三月若六月，若三日若六日，传五脏而当死。（藏象二十四。）
热中消中，不可服高粱芳草石药。（疾病六十。）
用寒远寒，用热远热。热无犯热，寒无犯寒。发表不远热，攻里不远寒。（运气二十。）大热遍身，狂而妄见妄闻妄
言，视足阳明及大络取之。因其偃卧，居其头前，以两手四指挟按颈动脉，久持之，卷而切推，下至缺盆中，而复止如
前，热去乃止，此所谓推而散之也。（针刺三十五。）
治厥者，必先熨调和其经，掌与腋、肘与脚、项与脊以调之，火气已通，血脉乃行，然后视其病，脉淖泽者，刺而
平之，坚紧者，破而散之，气下乃止。（针刺三十五。）
厥逆之治，灸石有忌。（疾病三十八。）
夫疟之未发也，阴未并阳，阳未并阴，因而调之，真气得安，邪气乃亡，故工不能治其已发，为其气逆也。（疾病四
十八。）
人有此三者，是谓坏腑，毒药无治，短针无取，此皆绝皮伤肉，血气争黑。（针刺九。）
天地淫胜病治。（运气二十五。）
邪气反胜之治。（运气二十六。）
六气相胜病治。（运气二十七。）
六气之复病治。（运气二十八。）
本经十二方∶小金丹治五疫。（论治二十。）鸡矢醴治鼓胀。（疾病五十五。）治之以兰，除陈气也。治脾瘅。（疾病六
十一。）以千里水煮秫米半夏汤，治目不瞑。（疾病八十三。）以四乌 骨、一 茹，二物并合，丸以雀卵，饮以鲍鱼汁，
治血枯。（疾病六十三。）以生铁洛为饮，治阳厥。（疾病六十四。）治之以马膏，膏其急者，以白酒和桂，以涂其缓者，
以桑钩钩之，治季春痹。（疾病六十九。）以泽泻、术各十分，麋衔五分，合以三指撮，为后饭，治酒风。（疾病三十二。）
用醇酒二十升，蜀椒一升，干姜一斤，桂心一斤，渍酒中，浸以绵絮布，用生桑炭炙巾，以熨寒痹所刺之处。（针刺三十
二。） 其左角之发方一寸，燔治，饮以美酒，治尸厥。（针刺三十。）合豕膏冷食，治猛疽。锉 翘草根各一升煮饮，治
败疵。（俱疾病八十六。）
不治疗已经发生的疾病，而应预防尚未发生的疾病。（参见摄生类第七部分。）
凡是治病，必须观察患者的形体、气息、面色和色泽，诊察脉象的盛衰，判断疾病的久暂新旧，然后进行治疗，以免延误时机。如果形体与气息相协调，称为可治；面色光泽明润，称为容易痊愈；脉象顺应四时变化，称为可治；脉象弱而滑利，说明有胃气，命名为易治，此时把握治疗时机即可。如果形体与气息不相协调，称为难治；面色枯槁无光泽，称为难治；脉象实而坚劲，说明病情会更加严重；脉象违背四时规律，属于不可治。必须仔细审查这四种难治的情况并明确告知患者。（参见脉色第十二部分。）
因此，治疗如果不效法天地的规律，不使用地理的道理，那么灾害就会降临。（参见阴阳第四部分。）
所以，治病的人，必须明了六气变化的分治原则，五味、五色所对应的脏腑生成关系，以及五脏适宜的饮食调理，才可以谈论气血盈虚及疾病产生的头绪。（参见运气第二十四部分。）
凡是治病，必须考察二便的通利情况，调适脉象，观察患者的意志情志，以及病情的具体情况。拘泥于鬼神迷信的人，不可以与他谈论高深的医德；厌恶针石治疗的人，不可以与他谈论精妙的医术；病人不允许治疗的，这种病不必强治，强行治疗也不会见效。（参见藏象第十一部分。）
能够辨别阴阳十二经脉的人，就知道疾病产生的根源。能够候察虚实所在的人，能得知病变部位的高下。了解六腑之气运行通道的人，能知道如何解开郁结、连接断绝的气机门户。能够辨别虚证和实证（邪气盛为实，正气虚为虚）的坚软程度的人，就知道补法和泻法的运用所在。能够了解六经标本理论的人，面对天下复杂的病情就不会迷惑。（参见经络第十二部分。）
第一是调治神气，第二是懂得养生，第三是懂得药物药性的真实作用，第四是掌握砭石的大小规格，第五是了解脏腑血气的诊察方法。（参见针刺第九部分。）
必须详细询问疾病最初发生的时间，以及现在正在发作的症状，然后分别切按循摸其脉象，观察经络浮沉的变化，顺着上下逆从的规律进行推究。（参见脉色第二十五部分。）
上等的医生在疾病萌芽阶段就进行救治，低劣的医生在疾病已经形成后才去救治。（参见针刺第十三部分。）
上等医生治疗十次能成功九次，中等医生治疗十次能成功七次，低劣医生治疗十次只能成功六次。（参见脉色第十七部分。）
粗疏庸医神色慌张，认为可以盲目攻伐，导致旧病未愈，新病又起。（参见论治第十七部分。）
粗疏庸医嘻嘻哈哈，自以为什么都懂，说热病还没好，寒病又开始了，同一种病因表现出不同的形态，导致诊断混乱、经络失调，说的就是这种情况。（参见标本第二部分。）
用毒药来攻逐邪气，用五谷来滋养身体，用五果来辅助食疗，用五畜来补益精气，用五菜来充实肠胃，将食物的气味配合服用，以补充精益养元气。（参见疾病第二十四部分。）
标本逆从的治疗原则，治疗有先后之分。（参见标本第五部分。）
病反求其根本，针对标症用药；治疗反求其根本，针对标症选方。（参见标本类第三部分。）
有的采用逆治法而获效，有的采用从治法而获效。逆治，看似不顺，实则是正顺。如果表面顺从，实则可能是逆乱。所以说，懂得标与本的关系，运用起来就不会有危险；明确知道逆治和从治的区别，正确施行就没有疑问，说的就是这个道理。（参见标本第二部分。）
疾病生于体内（阴）的，先治其阴，后治其阳，如果反过来做，病情会更加严重；疾病生于体表（阳）的，先治其外，后治其内，如果反过来做，病情会更加严重。（参见脉色第三十二部分。）
阴气盛而阳气虚的，先补其阳，后泻其阴以调和。阴虚而阳气盛的，先补其阴，后泻其阳以调和。对于虚证使用泻法，这叫重虚，重虚会使病情更加严重。（参见针刺第八部分。）
疾病发生在头部则头重，发生在手部则臂重，发生在足部则足重，治病时要先刺取疾病产生的源头。疾病先从阴经发起的，先治其阴而后治其阳；疾病先从阳经发起的，先治其阳而后治其阴。（参见针刺第五十三部分。）
身体没有明显形质改变但感到疼痛的，是阳气完好而阴液受损，应当紧急治疗阴分，不要攻伐阳气；身体有明显形质改变但不痛的，是阴液完好而阳气受损，应当紧急治疗阳分，不要攻伐阴分。（参见针刺第三十一部分。）
必须先估量患者体型的肥瘦，来调节其气机的虚实，实证用泻法，虚证用补法。一定要先去除血脉中的瘀滞，然后再调理全身，不论什么病，以平衡为最终目的。（参见脉色第五部分。）
根据患者的老少、大小、肥瘦，用心细细揣摩，这就叫做效法自然的常态。（参见经络第三十三部分。）
有邪气的要探究其来源，无邪气的要探究其成因，虚证的要责备其不足，实证的要责备其有余。（参见疾病类第一部分。）
治疗上下的疾病，上部病取下部穴（从治），下部病取上部穴（逆治），根据所在部位的寒热盛衰来调理。所以说：上病取下，下病取上，内病取外，外病取内，以求找出病因。能承受药力强的患者用浓药，不能承受药力强的患者用薄药。这就是所说的道理。气机逆乱的，病在上部，取下部穴位；病在下部，取上部穴位；病在中部，取旁侧穴位。治疗热证用寒药，但要温服；治疗寒证用热药，但要凉服；治疗温证用清药，但要冷服；治疗清证用温药，但要热服。所以消导、削积、催吐、攻下、补益、泻实等方法，无论病程久新，原则相同。（参见运气第十四部分。）
诛伐无罪（指误治无辜的正气），叫做极大的迷惑，反而扰乱了大的经络，真气无法恢复，断绝人的长寿，给人带来早夭的灾祸。（参见针刺第十五部分。）
黄帝问：或者通过导引行气、按摩灸熨、针刺或服药其中的一种方法，可以独自坚守吗？还是都要实行呢？岐伯回答：各种治疗方法，是针对众人的普遍方法，不是一个人必须全部实行的。这就是所谓的坚守一个根本原则而不丢失，万事万物的道理就都完备了。（参见疾病第九十四部分。）
黄帝问：那些通过祝由（祝祷）就能治愈的疾病，原因是什么呢？岐伯回答：古代的巫医，因为知道百病相克的原理，预先知道疾病产生的根源，所以可以通过祝由来治愈。（参见疾病第三十三部分。）
失血的人不要再发汗，大汗出的人不要再放血。（参见经络第二十三部分。）
所谓经治，是指服药，也包括灸法和刺法。（参见针刺第二十九部分。）
祛除有余的邪气，知晓不足的正气。（参见脉色第七部分。）
实证用泻法，虚证服药来补益。（参见经络第六部分。）
少气的人，寸口脉和人迎脉都微弱，且与尺部尺寸不相称。像这样的人，阴阳都不足，补阳则阴液枯竭，泻阴则阳气脱失。像这样的人，可以用甘缓的药物调养，不可以饮用峻猛的药剂。像这样的人不宜艾灸，如果艾灸后病不好，反而用泻法，就会导致五脏之气败坏。（参见针刺第二十八部分。）
脉象细小的，说明阴阳形气都不足，不要用针刺，而要用甘缓的药物来调理。（参见脉色第十九部分。）
形体劳苦、精神忧苦，疾病发生在咽喉部位，用甘缓的药物来治疗。（参见论治第十部分。）
对虚证用泻法、对实证用补法，会导致神气离舍，招致邪气、丧失正气，真气无法安定，这是庸医造成的败坏，叫做夭折性命。（参见疾病第五十六部分。）
不虚而误用泻法（实其实），不实证而误用补法（虚其虚），损害不足的正气而增加有余的邪气。损伤阴精的会致死，损伤阳气的会发狂。（参见针刺第五十九部分。）
出现五虚征象的患者不要轻易靠近（避免过度刺激），出现五实征象的患者不要轻易远离（避免放弃治疗）。（参见针刺第九部分。）
形体气息不足，病气有余，这是邪气胜，紧急用泻法；形体气息有余，病气不足，紧急用补法；形体气息不足，病气也不足，这是阴阳气都不足，不可用针刺。所以说，有余的用泻法，不足的用补法。（参见针刺第五十六部分。）
气机偏胜的，轻微的顺其势引导，严重的制约它。气机复元的，平和的使其平衡，暴烈的夺其势。都要随顺胜气，安抚屈伏之气，不问次数多少，以平衡为目的。（参见运气第二十九部分。）
木气郁结，要疏达它；火气郁结，要发散它；土气郁结，要攻夺它；金气郁结，要宣泄它；水气郁结，要折抑它。然而要调畅气机，过盛的予以折损，利用其畏惧的特性，这就是所谓的泻法。黄帝问：如果是假象怎么办？岐伯回答：如果有假象，就没有禁忌。所谓主气不足，客气胜之。（参见运气第二十三部分。）
按照岁气准备药材，就不会遗漏主治功效。上淫于下的邪气，用所胜之气平定它；外淫于内的邪气，用所胜之气治疗它。谨慎察辨阴阳所在并调理它，以平衡为目的。正病用正治法，反病用反治法。（参见运气第二十四部分。）
治疗各种胜复之气，寒的用热药，热的用寒药，温的用清药，清的用温药，散的用收涩药，压抑的发散药，燥的用滋润药，急的用缓急药，坚的用软化药，脆的用坚固药，衰弱的用补益药，强盛的用泻实药，各自安顿其气，必须清静，那么病气就会衰退，回归其所宗属的本位，这是治疗的大体原则。（参见运气第二十八部分。）
黄帝问：客主之气的胜复，如何治疗？岐伯回答：高的抑制它，低的提升它，有余的折损它，不足的补益它，辅以有利的药物，调和适宜的药性，必须安顿好主客之气，适应寒温变化，同气用逆治法，异气用从治法。黄帝问：治疗寒证用热药，治疗热证用寒药，气机相得的用逆治法，不相得的用从治法，我已经知道了；那关于正味（五味对应五脏的主治）怎么样？岐伯回答：木位之主，用酸味泻，辛味补。火位之主，用甘味泻，咸味补。土位之主，用苦味泻，甘味补。金位之主，用辛味泻，酸味补。水位之主，用咸味泻，苦味补。厥阴之客，用辛味补，酸味泻，甘味缓。少阴之客，用咸味补，甘味泻，咸味收。太阴之客，用甘味补，苦味泻，甘味缓。少阳之客，用咸味补，甘味泻，咸味软。阳明之客，用酸味补，辛味泻，苦味泄。太阳之客，用苦味补，咸味泻，苦味坚，辛味润，开发腠理，通达津液和气机。（参见运气第三十部分。）
上下主治的原则，随着各自的利益而定，端正五味，这是关键，左右的方法相同。少阳之主，先甘后咸；阳明之主，先辛后酸；太阳之主，先咸后苦；厥阴之主，先酸后辛；少阴之主，先甘后咸；太阴之主，先苦后甘。辅以有利的，资助所生的，这就叫做得气。（参见运气第三十四部分。）
所以岁运适宜用苦味来燥湿温阳，必须折损郁结之气，先资助化源，抑制过盛的运气，扶持不胜之气，不要让暴烈之气产生疾病。食用当年当令的谷物以保全真气，避开虚邪贼风以安护正气。根据气味的同异，决定用药的多少，同于寒湿性质的用燥热化，异于寒湿性质的用燥湿化，所以同气者多用，异气者少用。用寒药避开寒季，用凉药避开凉季，用温药避开温季，用热药避开热季，饮食也遵循同样的法则。如果有假象则违反常规，违反常规的会生病，这就叫顺应时令。（参见运气第十七部分。此条位于太阳司天条目下，其余条款应当考证。）
适应寒凉环境容易腹胀，适应温热环境容易生疮，腹泻则腹胀止，发汗则疮疡愈。西北方的气候特点，宜疏散并寒凉治疗；东南方的气候特点，宜收敛并温热治疗，这就是所谓的同病异治。所以说，气候寒冷凉爽，治疗用寒凉药，配合水渍疗法；气候温暖炎热，治疗用温热药，加强内在守固。必须使人体之气与外界之气相同，可以使身体平衡，假象则相反。所以治病的人，必须明白天道地理，阴阳更替胜负，气机的先后顺序，人的寿命长短，生化周期，才可以了解人的形体气息。（参见运气第十六部分。）
冬季阳气闭藏。闭藏的时候，用药多而少用针石。（参见针刺第五十五部分。）
如果不治疗，经过三个月或六个月，或者三天或六天，病邪传变五脏，就会死亡。（参见藏象第二十四部分。）
患有热中、消中（消渴）病的人，不可服用膏粱厚味、芳草类和金石类药物。（参见疾病第六十部分。）
用寒药避开寒季，用热药避开热季。热证不要触犯热邪，寒证不要触犯寒邪。发表解表不避热，攻里通腑不避寒。（参见运气第二十部分。）大热遍身，狂躁且幻觉妄见妄闻妄言，观察足阳明经及其大络进行取穴治疗。让患者仰卧，头前置于低位，用双手四指挟持按压颈动脉，长时间保持，卷曲并切推，向下至缺盆穴，再重复前面的动作，热退才停止，这叫做推而散之。（参见针刺第三十五部分。）
治疗厥证，必须先熨烫以调和经脉，手掌与腋下、肘部与脚部、颈部与脊背都要调理，火气通畅后，血脉才能运行，然后视病情，脉象淖泽的，针刺以平复；脉象坚紧的，破散其瘀结，气下行后停止。（参见针刺第三十五部分。）
疟疾在未发作时，阴气未合并阳气，阳气未合并阴气，趁机调理，真气得安，邪气乃亡，所以工匠不能治疗已发作的疟疾，因为其气机逆乱。（参见疾病第四十八部分。）
人有这三种情况（皮肉筋骨脉皆坏），叫做坏腑，毒药无法治疗，短针无法取效，这都是因为损伤了皮肤肌肉，血气争乱变黑。（参见针刺第九部分。）
天地淫胜之病的治法。（参见运气第二十五部分。）
邪气反胜之病的治法。（参见运气第二十六部分。）
六气相胜之病的治法。（参见运气第二十七部分。）
六气之复之病的治法。（参见运气第二十八部分。）
本经记载的十二个方剂：小金丹治疗五种疫病。鸡矢醴治疗鼓胀。用兰草治疗，以去除陈腐之气，治疗脾瘅。用千里水煮秫米半夏汤，治疗目不瞑（失眠）。用四份乌鲗骨、一份茹草，两物混合，用雀卵做丸，用鲍鱼汁送服，治疗血枯。用生铁洛煎水服用，治疗阳厥。用马膏涂抹痉挛处，用白酒调和桂枝末涂搽松弛处，用桑钩牵引，治疗春季痹证。用泽泻、白术各十分，麋衔五分，合在一起，每次三指撮，饭后服用，治疗酒风。用醇酒二十升，蜀椒一升，干姜一斤，桂心一斤，浸泡在酒中，浸透绵絮布，用生桑炭炙烤毛巾，熨烫寒痹针刺之处。左侧角头发一寸，烧存性，用美酒送服，治疗尸厥。合猪脂冷食，治疗猛疽。锉翘草根各一升煮水饮用，治疗败疵。（均出自疾病第八十六部分。）
Treat diseases before they occur, rather than after they have manifested. (See Section 7 of Preservation.)
In treating any disease, one must observe the patient's physical constitution, Qi dynamics, facial complexion, and luster; examine the flourishing or declining state of the pulse; and determine whether the disease is recent or chronic. Treatment should be initiated without delay. If the physical constitution and Qi dynamics are harmonious, it is termed "treatable"; if the complexion is bright and lustrous, it is termed "easy to cure"; if the pulse conforms to the four seasons, it is termed "treatable"; if the pulse is weak and slippery, indicating the presence of Stomach Qi (Wei Qi, the digestive vitality), it is named "easy to treat," provided treatment is timed correctly. If the physical constitution and Qi dynamics are discordant, it is termed "difficult to treat"; if the complexion is dull and lacks luster, it is termed "difficult to treat"; if the pulse is excess and firm, the condition will worsen; if the pulse contradicts the four seasons, it is considered "incurable." One must carefully examine these four difficult conditions and clearly inform the patient. (See Section 12 of Pulse and Color.)
Therefore, if treatment does not follow the laws of Heaven and Earth, disasters will ensue. (See Section 4 of Yin and Yang.)
Thus, a healer must understand the differentiation of treatments based on the Six Transformations (Liu Hua, referring to the six climatic factors), the generation of Five Flavors (Wu Wei) and Five Colors (Wu Se) corresponding to the Zang organs, and the dietary suitability for the Five Zang organs. Only then can one discuss the threads of Qi and Blood fullness/deficiency and the origins of disease. (See Section 24 of Yunqi/Five Movements and Six Qi.)
In all cases of treatment, one must inspect bowel and bladder function, adjust to the pulse, observe the patient's mental state and intentions, and assess the disease itself. One cannot discuss profound Virtue (De) with those bound by ghosts and spirits; one cannot discuss exquisite techniques with those who abhor needles and stones; if a patient refuses treatment, it need not be forced, as forced treatment yields no merit. (See Section 11 of Zang-Xiang/Organ Manifestations.)
One who can distinguish the Twelve Meridians of Yin and Yang knows the origin of disease. One who can palpate the location of deficiency and excess knows the depth and level of the pathology. One who understands the pathways of Qi in the Fu organs knows how to untie knots and connect severed meridians at their gates. One who discerns the hardness and softness of deficiency and excess patterns knows where to apply tonification and sedation. One who understands the Root and Branch (Biao Ben) of the Six Channels can remain unconfused by global complexities. (See Section 12 of Meridians.)
First is regulating Shen (Spirit/Mind); second is knowing how to nourish the body; third is understanding the true nature of medicinal drugs; fourth is determining the size of bi-shi (stone needles); fifth is diagnosing the Qi and Blood of the Zang-Fu organs. (See Section 9 of Acupuncture.)
One must thoroughly inquire about the onset of the initial illness and the current symptoms, then palpate the pulses individually, observing the floating and sinking of the meridians to trace the upward, downward, reverse, and compliant flows. (See Section 25 of Pulse and Color.)
The superior physician intervenes at the budding stage of disease; the inferior physician intervenes only after the disease has fully formed. (See Section 13 of Acupuncture.)
The superior physician achieves nine successes out of ten; the average physician seven out of ten; the inferior physician six out of ten. (See Section 17 of Pulse and Color.)
The crude physician acts recklessly, assuming aggressive attack is always appropriate, resulting in the old disease persisting and new diseases arising. (See Section 17 of Treatment Principles.)
The crude physician acts frivolously, presuming knowledge, claiming heat diseases are unresolved while cold diseases recur; confusing similar etiologies with different manifestations, leading to chaotic diagnosis and meridian disorder. This is what is meant. (See Section 2 of Root and Branch.)
Toxic medicines attack pathogenic factors; grains nourish; fruits assist; meats benefit; vegetables fill. Consuming them in harmony of flavor and aroma supplements essence and boosts Qi. (See Section 24 of Diseases.)
Root and Branch, Reverse and Compliant: treatment has a sequence. (See Section 5 of Root and Branch.)
Seek the Root when symptoms appear contrary to the Root; prescribe for the Branch when treating contrary to the Root. (See Section 3 of Root and Branch Category.)
Some are cured by Reverse treatment (Ni Zhi), some by Compliant treatment (Cong Zhi). Reverse treatment appears non-compliant but is actually correct compliance. Apparent compliance may be reverse deviation. Thus, knowing Root and Branch ensures safety; clearly distinguishing Reverse and Compliant methods allows correct action without doubt. (See Section 2 of Root and Branch.)
Diseases originating internally (Yin) should first treat Yin, then Yang; reversing this worsens the condition. Diseases originating externally (Yang) should first treat the exterior, then the interior; reversing this worsens the condition. (See Section 32 of Pulse and Color.)
When Yin is excess and Yang is deficient, first tonify Yang, then drain Yin to harmonize. When Yin is deficient and Yang is excess, first tonify Yin, then drain Yang to harmonize. Draining a deficiency constitutes a "double deficiency," which severely exacerbates the disease. (See Section 8 of Acupuncture.)
Disease manifesting in the head causes heaviness in the head; in the hands, arm heaviness; in the feet, foot heaviness. Treaters must first needle the source of the disease. If disease originates in Yin meridians, treat Yin first, then Yang; if in Yang meridians, treat Yang first, then Yin. (See Section 53 of Acupuncture.)
If there is pain without visible form, Yang is intact but Yin is injured; urgently treat Yin, do not attack Yang. If there is visible form without pain, Yin is intact but Yang is injured; urgently treat Yang, do not attack Yin. (See Section 31 of Acupuncture.)
First, assess body fatness or thinness to regulate Qi deficiency or excess. Excess is drained; deficiency is tonified. First remove blood stasis, then regulate the whole; regardless of the specific disease, aim for balance. (See Section 5 of Pulse and Color.)
Consider age, size, and body type mentally; this is called following the constant laws of Heaven. (See Section 33 of Meridians.)
Investigate what exists; investigate what does not exist. Blame deficiency for deficiency patterns; blame excess for excess patterns. (See Section 1 of Disease Category.)
For upper/lower disorders, use Compliant method (treating lower for upper, etc.); for treating upper/lower, use Reverse method. Adjust based on local cold/heat excess/deficiency. Thus: Upper disease take from Lower; Lower disease take from Upper; Internal disease take from External; External disease take from Internal, to find the fault. Those who can tolerate strong medicine use concentrated formulas; those who cannot use mild formulas. This is the principle. For Qi reversal: Disease above, treat below; Disease below, treat above; Disease in middle, treat sides. Treat heat with cold, but administer warm; treat cold with hot, but administer cool; treat warmth with clearing, but administer cold; treat chill with warming, but administer hot. Methods like reducing, dispersing, vomiting, purging, tonifying, and draining apply equally to acute and chronic cases. (See Section 14 of Yunqi.)
Punishing the innocent (damaging healthy Qi) is called great confusion, disrupting major meridians, making true Qi irrecoverable, shortening life, and bringing premature disaster. (See Section 15 of Acupuncture.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: Can one rely solely on Dao Yin (guiding and pulling exercises), Qi regulation, massage, moxibustion, acupuncture, or herbal decoctions? Or must all be practiced? Qibo replied: These methods are general prescriptions for the masses, not mandatory for every individual. This is called holding fast to the One (fundamental principle) without losing it, thereby encompassing all things. (See Section 94 of Diseases.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: Why are some diseases cured by Zhu You (spiritual incantation)? Qibo replied: Ancient shamans knew the mutual overcoming of hundred diseases and the origins of pathology, so Zhu You could cure them. (See Section 33 of Diseases.)
Liver suffers from urgency; eat Sweet flavor to relax it. (See Section 24 of Diseases.)
Those who have lost blood should not sweat; those who have sweated excessively should not lose blood. (See Section 23 of Meridians.)
"Jing Zhi" (Meridian treatment) refers to taking herbs, but also includes moxibustion and acupuncture. (See Section 29 of Acupuncture.)
Remove excess; know deficiency. (See Section 7 of Pulse and Color.)
Excess is drained; deficiency is tonified with herbal drinks. (See Section 6 of Meridians.)
In cases of Qi deficiency, both the Cun Kou (radial artery) and Ren Ying (carotid artery) pulses are weak and disproportionate to the Chi position. Such patients have both Yin and Yang deficiency. Tonifying Yang exhausts Yin; draining Yin causes Yang collapse. Such patients should be treated with Sweet herbs (mild tonics), not potent/decocted strong medicines. Moxibustion is contraindicated; if ineffective, subsequent draining would damage the Five Zang Qi. (See Section 28 of Acupuncture.)
For fine/small pulses, indicating overall Yin-Yang, Form, and Qi deficiency, do not use needles; regulate with Sweet herbs. (See Section 19 of Pulse and Color.)
Form suffering hardship and Mind suffering hardship lead to disease in the throat/pharynx; treat with Sweet herbs. (See Section 10 of Treatment Principles.)
Draining deficiency and tonifying excess causes Shen (Spirit) to leave its chamber, inviting pathogens and losing righteousness; true Qi becomes unstable. Ruin by crude physicians is called premature death. (See Section 56 of Diseases.)
Do not tonify excess or drain deficiency; do not harm the insufficient and benefit the excessive. Depriving Yin leads to death; depriving Yang leads to mania. (See Section 59 of Acupuncture.)
Approach patients with Wu Xu (Five Deficiencies) cautiously; stay close to patients with Wu Shi (Five Excesses). (See Section 9 of Acupuncture.)
If physical Qi is deficient but Pathogenic Qi is excess, this is pathogen dominance; urgently drain. If physical Qi is excess but Pathogenic Qi is deficient, urgently tonify. If both Physical Qi and Pathogenic Qi are deficient, both Yin and Yang Qi are depleted; do not needle. Thus: Excess is drained; deficiency is tonified. (See Section 56 of Acupuncture.)
When Qi is victorious (excess): slight excess follows its course; severe excess controls it. When Qi recovers: peaceful recovery balances it; violent recovery drains it. Follow the victorious Qi, pacify the suppressed Qi, regardless of number, aiming for balance. (See Section 29 of Yunqi.)
Wood stagnation: disperse it. Fire stagnation: vent it. Earth stagnation: purge it. Metal stagnation: drain it. Water stagnation: restrain it. However, regulate Qi; excess is reduced by utilizing its fear (weakness), which is called draining. The Yellow Emperor asked: What about false patterns? Qibo replied: If there is a false pattern, there are no prohibitions. This refers to Primary Qi deficiency with Guest Qi excess. (See Section 23 of Yunqi.)
Prepare materials according to the annual climate to avoid missing therapeutic targets. Upper invasion subdued by the controlling element; external invasion internalized by the controlling element. Carefully observe Yin-Yang locations and regulate, aiming for balance. Correct diseases use Correct Treatment (Zheng Zhi); reverse diseases use Reverse Treatment (Fan Zhi). (See Section 24 of Yunqi.)
Treat various victory-recovery cycles: Cold with Heat; Heat with Cold; Warmth with Cooling; Chill with Warming; Scattering with Astringing; Oppression with Dispersing; Dryness with Moistening; Urgency with Relaxing; Hardness with Softening; Fragility with Firming; Decline with Tonifying; Strength with Draining. Each settles its Qi; clarity and stillness ensure pathogenic Qi declines and returns to its source. This is the general principle of treatment. (See Section 28 of Yunqi.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: How to treat Guest-Primary victory-recovery? Qibo replied: High is suppressed; low is lifted; excess is broken; deficiency is tonified. Assist with beneficial flavors, harmonize with suitable properties. Pacify Guest and Primary, adapt to cold/heat. Same nature uses Reverse treatment; different nature uses Compliant treatment. The Yellow Emperor asked: I know cold is treated with heat, heat with cold; compatible Qi uses Reverse, incompatible uses Compliant. What about the Principal Flavors (Wu Wei)? Qibo replied: Master of Wood: Drain with Sour, Tonify with Pungent. Master of Fire: Drain with Sweet, Tonify with Salty. Master of Earth: Drain with Bitter, Tonify with Sweet. Master of Metal: Drain with Pungent, Tonify with Sour. Master of Water: Drain with Salty, Tonify with Bitter. Guest Jueyin: Tonify with Pungent, Drain with Sour, Relax with Sweet. Guest Shaoyin: Tonify with Salty, Drain with Sweet, Astringe with Salty. Guest Taiyin: Tonify with Sweet, Drain with Bitter, Relax with Sweet. Guest Shaoyang: Tonify with Salty, Drain with Sweet, Soften with Salty. Guest Yangming: Tonify with Sour, Drain with Pungent, Drain with Bitter. Guest Taiyang: Tonify with Bitter, Drain with Salty, Firm with Bitter, Moisten with Pungent (to open pores, distribute fluids, move Qi). (See Section 30 of Yunqi.)
Upper and lower masters follow their benefits; correct the flavors, this is key; left and right follow the same method. Master Shaoyang: Sweet then Salty. Master Yangming: Pungent then Sour. Master Taiyang: Salty then Bitter. Master Jueyin: Sour then Pungent. Master Shaoyin: Sweet then Salty. Master Taiyin: Bitter then Sweet. Assist with beneficial, support with generative; this is obtaining Qi. (See Section 34 of Yunqi.)
Therefore, the year favors Bitter to dry and warm; break stagnation, first support the source, suppress excessive luck, support the unconquered, prevent violent overaction causing disease. Eat grain of the year to preserve True Qi; avoid empty evils to stabilize Righteous Qi. Adjust quantity based on Qi similarity/difference: Similar to cold/damp, use drying/warming transformation; different from cold/damp, use drying/damp transformation. Thus, similar uses more; different uses less. Use Cold avoiding Cold season; use Cool avoiding Cool season; use Warm avoiding Warm season; use Hot avoiding Hot season; diet follows this. False patterns reverse normality; reversing causes disease; this is timing. (See Section 17 of Yunqi. Under Taiyang Sovereign Heaven, others to be verified.)
Adapting to cold/cool causes distension; adapting to warm/hot causes sores. Purging stops distension; sweating cures sores. Northwest Qi is dispersing and cold; treat with dispersion and cooling. Southeast Qi is gathering and warm; treat with gathering and warming. This is "Same Disease, Different Treatment." Thus: Cold/cold climate, treat with cold/cool, use water soaking; warm/hot climate, treat with warm/hot, strengthen internal retention. Align Qi to achieve balance; false patterns reverse. Healers must understand Heavenly Dao, Earthly Geography, Yin-Yang alternation, Qi sequence, human lifespan, and biological cycles to understand human form and Qi. (See Section 16 of Yunqi.)
Winter is closed. Closed states use fewer needles/stones, more herbs. (See Section 55 of Acupuncture.)
If untreated, within three or six months, or three or six days, transmission to Five Zang leads to death. (See Section 24 of Zang-Xiang.)
Heat-center and Diabetes (Xiao Zhong) patients should not consume rich foods, fragrant herbs, or mineral drugs. (See Section 60 of Diseases.)
Use Cold avoiding Cold season; use Heat avoiding Heat season. Heat should not provoke Heat; Cold should not provoke Cold. Releasing exterior does not avoid Heat; attacking interior does not avoid Cold. (See Section 20 of Yunqi.)
Generalized high fever, mania, hallucinations, delusions: Observe Foot Yangming and major collaterals for treatment. With patient supine, head forward, press carotid arteries with four fingers of both hands, hold long, roll and push down to Quepen (ST12), repeat until heat subsides. This is "Push and Disperse." (See Section 35 of Acupuncture.)
Treating Jue (Reversal/Cold limbs): First warm and regulate meridians via moxibustion/compression on palms/armpits, elbows/feet, neck/spine. Once fire Qi connects and blood vessels flow, assess disease. If pulse is slippery/moist, needle to calm; if hard/tight, break and disperse. Stop when Qi descends. (See Section 35 of Acupuncture.)
Treatment of Jue Ni (Reversal Qi) has taboos for moxibustion and stone needles. (See Section 38 of Diseases.)
Before malaria attacks, Yin has not merged with Yang, Yang has not merged with Yin. Regulate then, True Qi rests, Evil vanishes. Thus, skilled doctors cannot treat active malaria because Qi is reversed. (See Section 48 of Diseases.)
Having these three conditions indicates ruined Fu organs; toxic drugs cannot treat, short needles cannot take effect. This results from skin/flesh injury and blackened Qi/Blood contention. (See Section 9 of Acupuncture.)
Treatment of Heaven/Earth Excessive Victory Diseases. (See Section 25 of Yunqi.)
Treatment of Pathogenic Counter-Victory. (See Section 26 of Yunqi.)
Treatment of Six Qi Mutual Victory Diseases. (See Section 27 of Yunqi.)
Treatment of Six Qi Recovery Diseases. (See Section 28 of Yunqi.)
Twelve Formulas in this Classic:
1. Xiao Jin Dan (Small Golden Pill) treats Five Plagues.
2. Ji Shi Li (Chicken Manure Brew) treats Drum Distension (Ascites).
3. Treating with Orchids removes stale Qi; treats Pi Dan (Spleen Heat).
4. Qian Li Shui (Thousand-Li Water) cooked with Sorghum and Pinellia treats Insomnia.
5. Four parts Cuttlebone, one part Ruxiang (or similar herb), pills with quail egg, taken with cuttlefish juice, treats Blood Depletion.
6. Raw Iron Filings drink treats Yang Jue (Yang Reversal).
7. Horse fat applied to spasms; white wine mixed with Cinnamon applied to flaccidity; mulberry hook traction treats Spring Bi (Arthralgia).
8. Alisma and Atractylodes (10 parts each), Elsholtzia (5 parts), taken post-meal, treats Wine Wind.
9. 20 sheng strong wine, 1 sheng Sichuan pepper, 1 jin dried ginger, 1 jin cinnamon heart, soaked in cloth, heated on mulberry charcoal, ironed on cold-bi acupoints.
10. Left corner hair (1 cun), burned, taken with fine wine, treats Corpse Jue.
11. Pig fat eaten cold treats Meng Ju (Severe Abscess).
12. Lonicera root boiled, treats Bai Ci (Ulcer). (All from Section 86 of Diseases.)