春伤于风,邪气留连,遇肠胃虚弱,风邪因而伤之,肠虚则泄,故为下痢,然此水谷利痢也。
冷热不调,肠虚者,冷热之气客于其间。热气乘之则赤,冷气乘之则白,冷热相交连滞
,故赤白如鱼脑鼻涕相杂,为滞利也。
妊娠经血不通,上为乳法,兼以养胎。若宿有停饮者,则血饮相搏,又因冷热不调,动
于血饮,血饮乘气逆上,抢于胸胁,胸胁胀满,而气小喘,谓之支满。
水饮停积,结聚为痰,人皆有之。少者不能为害,若多则成病,妨害饮食,乃至呕吐。
妊娠病之,若呕吐甚者,伤胎也。
脏虚而热气乘于心,则令心烦;停痰积饮,在于心胸,其冲于心者,亦令烦也。若虚热
而烦者,但烦热而已;若有痰饮而烦者,则呕吐涎沫。妊娠之人,既血饮停积,或虚热相搏
,故亦烦。以其妊娠而烦,故谓之子烦也。
阴阳清浊相干,谓之气乱,气乱于肠胃之间,为霍乱也。但饮食过度,冒触风冷,使阴
阳不和,致清浊相干,肠胃虚者受之,故霍乱也。先心痛则先吐,先腹痛则先利,心腹俱痛
有头痛体疼,发热而吐痢者,亦为霍乱。所以然者,挟风而有实故也。风折血气,皮肤
闭密,血气不得宣,故令壮热;风邪乘其经脉,气上冲于头,则头痛;风气入于肠胃,肠虚
则泄痢,胃逆则呕吐,故吐痢也。吐痢甚则烦,腑脏虚故也。又手足逆冷,阳气暴竭,谓之
四逆也。妊娠而病之,吐痢甚者,则伤损胎也。
春季感受风邪,邪气滞留体内,遇到肠胃虚弱时,风邪便趁机侵害身体。肠道虚弱则导致泄泻,因此形成下痢,这属于水谷混杂的泄利病症。
如果冷热失调,肠道虚弱,那么寒热之气便会客居于其中。热气侵袭则大便色赤,冷气侵袭则大便色白,寒热之气相互交结滞留,所以大便呈现赤白相间、如鱼脑或鼻涕状混合的状态,这种称为滞痢。
妊娠期间,经血停止下行,转而向上滋养乳房,并兼以供养胎儿。如果孕妇原本体内有停积的水饮,就会与血液相互搏结,再加上冷热失调,扰动血与水饮,导致血饮随气机逆乱上行,冲击胸胁部位,引起胸胁胀满,呼吸短促气喘,这种情况被称为“支满”。
水饮停聚积聚,凝结成痰,人体中普遍存在。量少时不会造成危害,如果量多则会致病,妨碍饮食,甚至引发呕吐。如果妊娠期间患有此病,若呕吐严重,则会损伤胎儿。
脏腑虚弱而热气乘虚侵犯心脏,会导致心烦;停积的痰饮位于心胸部位,其冲逆影响心脏,也会引起心烦。如果是因虚热而导致的心烦,仅表现为烦热;如果是因为痰饮而导致的心烦,则会伴有呕吐涎沫。孕妇由于血与水饮停积,或因虚热相互搏结,所以也会出现心烦。因为这是妊娠期出现的心烦,所以称为“子烦”。
阴阳清浊之气相互干扰,称为气机紊乱,气机在肠胃之间紊乱,就形成了霍乱。仅仅因为饮食过量,或者冒犯风寒,导致阴阳不和,致使清浊之气相互干扰,肠胃虚弱者受到邪气侵袭,从而发生霍乱。如果先感到心痛,则会先呕吐;先感到腹痛,则会先腹泻;如果心腹俱痛,伴有头痛、身体疼痛,发热且同时出现呕吐和腹泻的,也属于霍乱。之所以如此,是因为夹带风邪且有实邪的缘故。风邪束缚气血,使皮肤毛孔闭塞,气血不能宣通,从而导致高热;风邪侵袭经脉,气机上冲头部,就会引起头痛;风气侵入肠胃,肠道虚弱则泄泻,胃气上逆则呕吐,所以出现呕吐和腹泻。呕吐和腹泻严重时会引起心烦,这是因为腑脏虚弱的缘故。另外,如果手足逆冷,是阳气突然衰竭的表现,称为“四逆”。妊娠期间患此病,若呕吐和腹泻严重,则会损伤胎儿。
Wind pathogen acquired in spring lingers and, encountering weak intestines and stomach, invades the body. When the intestines are deficient, diarrhea occurs, resulting in dysentery; this is classified as a type of diarrhea involving undigested food and water.
When cold and heat are imbalanced and the intestines are weak, cold and heat pathogens lodge within. Heat invading results in red stools, while cold invading results in white stools. The intermingling and stagnation of cold and heat cause the stools to appear mixed with red and white substances resembling fish brains or nasal mucus, which is termed "stagnant dysentery" (Zhi Li).
During pregnancy, menstrual blood ceases to flow downward and instead nourishes the breasts and supports the fetus. If there is pre-existing retained fluid (Phlegm-Fluid), it may contend with blood. Combined with cold-heat imbalance, this disturbs the blood and fluids, causing them to rebel upward along with Qi, striking the chest and hypochondrium. This leads to distension and fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, accompanied by shortness of breath, a condition known as "Zhi Man" (Supporting Fullness).
Retained fluids accumulate and condense into phlegm, a phenomenon present in everyone. In small amounts, it causes no harm; in large amounts, it becomes pathological, obstructing digestion and potentially leading to vomiting. If a pregnant woman suffers from this, severe vomiting can damage the fetus.
Visceral deficiency allows heat to invade the Heart, causing mental restlessness (Fan Xin). Retained phlegm and fluids lodged in the chest and heart region, when they surge upward affecting the Heart, also cause restlessness. Restlessness due to deficiency-heat manifests merely as feverish irritability; restlessness due to phlegm-fluids is accompanied by vomiting of saliva and foam. Pregnant women, having accumulated blood and fluids or experiencing contention between deficiency-heat, often suffer from restlessness. Since this occurs during pregnancy, it is called "Zi Fan" (Fetal Restlessness).
The interference between Yin-Yang and clear-turbid Qi is termed Qi disorder. When Qi becomes chaotic between the intestines and stomach, it constitutes Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome). Overeating or exposure to wind-cold can disrupt Yin-Yang harmony, causing clear and turbid Qi to mix. When weak intestines and stomach are affected, Huoluan ensues. If heart pain precedes, vomiting occurs first; if abdominal pain precedes, diarrhea occurs first. If both heart and abdomen hurt, accompanied by headache, body ache, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, it is also Huoluan. This occurs because the condition involves wind pathogens and excess pathogens. Wind constrains Blood and Qi, closing the skin pores, preventing their free circulation, thus causing high fever. Wind pathogen invading meridians causes Qi to rush upward to the head, resulting in headache. Wind entering the intestines and stomach causes diarrhea due to intestinal weakness and vomiting due to rebellious Stomach Qi. Severe vomiting and diarrhea lead to restlessness due to visceral deficiency. Additionally, cold extremities indicate sudden exhaustion of Yang Qi, termed "Si Ni" (Four Rebellions/Cold Extremities). If a pregnant woman contracts this disease and experiences severe vomiting and diarrhea, the fetus will be damaged.