〔文氏（彦博）节要本草图〕佚
自序曰。余尝以近世医工。虽处方有据。而用药不精。以至疗发寡效。盖古医药。率多自采。故桐君着采药
录。备花叶形色。别其是非真假。用之决无乖误。服之感得痊愈。而又择郡国地产之良。及春秋秀实之候。今则
不然。药肆不能尽识。但凭采送之人。医工鲜通本草。莫辨良苦之难。加之赝伪。遂以合和。以兹疗治。宜其寡
效。唐室之盛。置药园生本草图。欲悉知其形色气味。用药之精。其慎如此。嘉 初。余在政府。建言重定本草
图经。凡数年而成。例蒙赐本。然药品繁伙。尽形绘事。卷帙颇多。披阅匪易。因录其常用要切者。若干种。别
为图策。以便披检。简则易辨。人得有之。按图而验误真。用之于医。所益多矣。潞国公宽夫记。（文集）
朱子曰。文彦博字宽夫。汾州人。中进士第。事仁宗英宗神宗哲宗。位至丞相。除太尉。以太师致位。（名臣
言行录）
〔庞氏（安时）本草补遗〕佚
宋志本传曰。药有后出。古所未知。今不能辨。尝试有功。不可遗也。作本草补遗。
〔庄氏（季裕）本草节要〕书录解题三卷 佚
陈振孙曰。清源庄季裕撰。
〔崔氏（源）辨误〕艺文略一卷 佚
玉海曰。熙宁中。崔源撰辨误一卷。
〔寇氏（宗 ）本草衍义〕（读书后志作广义）艺文略二十卷（书录解题作十卷）存
自序曰。天地以生成为德。有生所甚重者身也。身以安乐为本。安乐所可致者，以保养为本。世之人必本其
本。则本必固，本既固。发病何由而生。夭横何由而至。此摄生之道。无逮于此。夫草木无知。独假灌溉。矧人
为万物之灵。岂不资以保养。然保养之义。具理万计。约而言之。其术有三。一养神，二惜气。三堤疾。忘情去
智。恬 虚无。离事全真。内外无寄。如是则神不内耗。境不外惑。真一不杂。则神自宁矣。此养神也。抱一元
之本根。固归精之真气。三焦定位。六贼忘形。识界既空。大同斯契。则气自定矣。此惜气也。饮食适时。温凉
合度。出处无犯于八邪。寤寐不可以勉强。则身自安矣。此堤疾也。三者甚易行。然人自以谓难行。而不肯行。
如此虽有长生之法。人罕敦尚。遂至永谢。是以疾病交攻。天和顿失。圣人悯之。故假以保救之术。辅以蠲 之
药。俾有识无识。咸臻寿域。所以国家编撰圣惠。校正素问。重定本草。别为图经。至于张仲景伤寒论。及千金
金匮外台之类。粲然列于书府。今复考拾天下医生。补以名职。分隶曹属。普救世人之疾苦。兹盖全圣至德之君。
合天地之至仁，接物浓生。大赉天下。故野无遗逸之药。世无不识之病。然本草二部。其间不得无惑。今则并考
诸家之说。参之实事。有未尽厥理者。衍之以臻其理。（如东壁土。倒流水。冬灰之类。）隐避不断者。伸之以
见其情。（如水自菊下。过而水香。鼹鼠溺精。坠地而生子。）文简脱误者。证之以明其义。（如
玉泉石蜜之类。）避讳而易名者。原之以存其名。（如山药。避本朝讳。及唐避代宗讳。）使是非归一。治疗有
源。检用之际。晓然无惑。是以搜求访缉者。十有余年。采拾众善。诊疗疾苦。和合收蓄之功。率皆周尽。矧疾
为圣人所谨。无常不可以为医。岂容易言哉。宗 常谓。疾病所可凭者医也。医可据者方也。方可恃者药也。苟
知病之虚实。方之可否。若不能达药性之良毒。辨方宜之早晚。真伪相乱。新陈相错。则曷由去道人陈宿之蛊。
生张果骈洁之齿。此书之意。于是乎作。今则编次成书。谨根据二经类例。分门条析。仍衍序例为三卷。内有名
未用。及意义已尽者。更不编入。其神农本经。名医别录。唐本先附今附。新补新定之目。缘本经已着。目录内
更不声说。依旧作二十卷。及目录一卷。目之曰本草衍义。若博爱卫生之士。志意或同。则更为诠修。以称圣朝
好生之德。时政和六年丙申岁记。
赵希弁曰。本草广义二十卷。上皇朝寇宗 编。以本草二部。着撰之人。或执用己私。失于商榷。并考诸家
之说。参之事实。核其情理。证其脱误。以成其书。
陈振孙曰。本草衍义十卷。通直郎寇宗 撰。援引辨证。颇可观采。
李时珍曰。本草衍义。宋政和中。医官通直郎寇宗 撰。以补注及图经二书。参考事实。核其情理。援引辨
证。发明良多。东垣丹溪诸公。亦尊信之。但以兰花为兰草。卷丹为百合。是其误也。书凡三卷。平阳张魏卿以
其说。分附各条之下。合为一书。
〔朱氏（震亨）本草衍义补遗〕一卷 存
方广曰。丹溪本草衍义补遗。虽另成一书。然陕板蜀板
闽板丹溪心法咸载之。程用光重订丹溪心法。而徽板乃削去之。反不为美。今仍取载书首。使人获见丹溪用药之
旨也。（心法附余）
李时珍曰。此书盖因寇氏衍义之义。而推衍之。近二百种。多所发明。但兰草之为兰花。胡粉之为锡粉。未
免泥于旧说。而以诸药分发五行。失之牵强耳。
〔郑氏（樵）本草成书〕二十四卷 佚
郑樵曰。仲尼之道。传之者不得其传。而最能惑人者。莫甚于春秋诗耳。故欲传诗。以诗之难。可以意度明
者。在于鸟兽草木之名也。故先撰本草成书。其曰成书者。为自旧注外陶弘景名医别录。而附成之。乃为之注释。
最为明白。自景 以来。诸家补注。纷然无纪。樵于是集二十家本草。及诸方书所补治之功。及诸物名之所言。
异名同状，同名异状之实。乃一一纂附。其经文为之注释。凡草经诸儒异录。备于一家书。故曰成书。曰经有三
品。合三百六十五种。以法天三百六十五度。日星经纬。以成一岁也。弘景以为未备。乃取名医别录。以应岁
之数而两之。樵又别扩诸家。以应成岁而三之。自纂成书外。其隐微之物。留之不足取。去之犹可惜也。纂三百
八十八种。曰外类。（夹 遗稿寄方礼部书）
又曰。本草成书。五策。计二十四卷。外类一策。五卷。
宋史本传略曰。郑樵字渔仲。兴化军莆田人。好着书。不为文章。自负不下刘向扬雄。居夹 山。谢绝人事。
久之乃游名山大川。搜奇访古。遇藏书家。必借留读尽乃去。赵鼎张浚而下皆器之。初为经旨。礼乐。文本。天
文。地理。虫鱼草木。方书之学。皆有论辨。绍兴十九年上之。诏藏秘府。樵归益励所学。从者二百余人。以侍
讲王纶贺允中荐。
得召对。因言班固以来历代为史之非。帝曰。闻卿名久矣。敷陈古学。自成一家。何相见之晚耶。授右 功郎。
礼兵部架阁。以御史叶义问劾之。改监潭州南岳庙。给札归抄所着通志书成，入为枢密院编修官。寻兼摄检诸房
文本。请修金正隆官制。比附中国秩序。因求入秘书省。翻阅书籍。未几。又坐言者寝其事。金人之犯边也。樵
言岁星分在宋。金主将自毙。后果然。高宗幸建康。命以通志进。会病卒。年五十九。学人称夹 先生。樵好为
考证伦类之学。成书虽多。大抵博学而寡要。平生甘枯淡。乐施与。独切切于仕进。识者以是少之。
〔本草外类〕五卷 佚
〔刘氏（信甫）新编类要图注本草〕四十二卷 存
题词曰。本草之书。最为备急。世不可阙。旧有神农图经证类。板皆漫灭。大则浩博而难阂，小则疏略而
不备。图相雕刻而不真，舛误者多，今将是书。鼎新刊行。方以类聚。物以群分。附入衍义。草木虫鱼。图相真
楷。药性畏恶。炮炙制度。标列纲领。了然在目。易于检阅。色色详具。三复参校。并无毫发之差。庶用户无
疑。岂曰小补哉。伏幸详鉴。
按刘信甫着有活人事证方。盖嘉定中人也。信甫编是书后。就证类本草中。附以寇氏衍义者。有金平水张
存惠魏卿所刊政和本草。每卷题标下。有己酉添加衍义六字。己酉为宋理宗淳 九年。金亡已十有六年。然存惠
之书。于政和原文。无所节略。信甫之书，则颇加芟汰。二书体裁自异。又有元山医普明真济大师赐紫僧惠昌校
正类编图经集注衍义本草。其卷数板式。一与信甫之书相同。故张本序跋。则既录出于前卷中。慧昌之本。仅附
记其目于此。朱锡鬯曝书亭集。有大观证类本草跋。称以寇氏衍义。附于各条之下。虽于义无损。然非
唐氏之旧。毋亦类于睹皋禽而续凫之颈者欤。
〔宝庆本草〕文渊阁书目。一部一册。完全。（ 竹堂书目作六卷）未见
〔陈氏（衍）宝庆本草折衷〕内阁书目五册不全 未见
张萱等曰。宋绍定间陈衍着。
〔许氏（国祯）至元增修本草〕未见
王圻曰。至元增修本草。世祖至元二十一年。命翰林承旨撒里蛮翰林集贤大学士许国祯。集诸路医学教授增
修。
元史本传曰。许国祯。字进之。绛州曲沃人也。祖济金绛州节度使。父日严荣州节度判官。皆业医。国祯博
通经史。尤精医术。金乱。避地嵩州永军县。河南平。归寓太原。世祖在潜邸。国祯以医征。至翰海留守。掌医
药。庄圣太后有疾。国祯治之。刻期而愈。乃张宴赐坐。太后时年五十三。遂以白金铤如年数赐之。伯撒王妃病
目。治者针误损其明。世祖怒。欲坐以死罪。国祯从容谏曰。罪固当死。然原其情。乃恐怖失次所致。即诛之。
后谁敢复进。世祖意解。且奖之曰。国祯之直。可作谏官。宗王昔班屡请以国祯隶帐下。世祖重韪其请。将遣之。
辞曰。国祯蒙恩拔擢。誓尽心以报。不敢易所事。乃不果遣。世祖过饮马潼。得足疾。国祯进药。味苦却不服。
国祯曰。古人有言。良药苦口利于病。忠言逆耳利于行。已而足疾再作。召国祯入视。世祖曰。不听汝言。果因
斯疾。对曰。良药苦口。既知之矣。忠言逆耳。愿留意焉。世祖大悦。以七宝马鞍赐之。宪宗三年癸丑。从征云
南。机密皆得参与。朝夕未曾离左右。或在告。帝辄为之不悦。九年己未。世祖帅师围鄂州。宋人数百族。诸将
欲坑之。国祯力请止。诛其凶暴。余皆获免。及师
还。招降民数十万口。疲饥颠仆者满道。国祯白。发蔡州军储粮赈之。全活甚众。世祖即位。录前劳。授荣禄大
夫。提点太医院事。赐金符。至元三年。改授金虎符。十二年。迁礼部尚书。国祯尝上疏言。慎财赋。禁服色。
明法律。严武备。设谏官。均卫兵。建学校。立朝仪。事多施行。凡所荐引。皆知名士。士亦归重之。帝与近臣
言及勋旧大臣。因谓国祯曰。朕昔出征。同履艰难者。但卿数人在尔。遂拜集贤大学士。高级光禄大夫。每进见。
帝呼为许光禄而不名。由是内外诸王大臣。皆以许光禄呼之。升翰林集贤大学士。卒。年七十六。
〔李氏（时珍）本草纲目〕国史经籍志五十二卷 存
李时珍曰。本草纲目。明楚府奉祠敕封文林郎蓬溪知县蕲州李时珍东璧撰。搜辑百氏。访采四方。始于嘉靖
壬子。终于万历戊寅。稿凡三易。分为五十二卷。列为一十六部。部各分类。类凡六十。标名为纲。列事为目。
增药三百七十四种。方八千一百六十。
李建元进本草纲目疏曰。湖广黄州府儒学增广生员李建元谨奉为遵奉明例访书。进献本草。以备采择事。臣
伏读礼部仪制司勘合一款。恭请圣明敕儒臣开书局。纂修正史。移文中外。凡名家着述。有关国家典章。及纪君
臣事迹。他如天文乐律。医术方伎诸书。但成一家名言。可以垂于方来者。即访求解送。以备采入艺文志。如已
刻行者。即刷印一部送部。或其家自欲进献者听。奉此。臣故父时珍原任楚府奉祠。奉敕进封文林郎。四川蓬溪
知县。生平笃学。刻意纂修。曾着本草一部。甫及刻成。忽值数尽。撰有遗表。令臣代献。臣窃思之。父有遗命。
而子不遵。何以承先志。父
有遗书。而子不献。何以应朝命。矧今修史之时。又值书之会。臣不揣谫陋。不避斧钺。谨述故父遗表。臣父时
珍幼多羸疾。长成钝稚。耽嗜典籍。若啖蔗饴。考古证今。奋发缩摩。苦志辨疑。订误留心。纂述诸书。伏念本
草一书。关系颇重。误解群氏。谬误亦多。行年三十。力肆校雠。历岁七旬。功始成就。野人炙背食芥。尚欲献
之天子。微臣采珠聚玉。敢不上之明君。昔炎皇辨百谷尝百草。而分别气味之良毒。轩辕师岐伯遵伯高。而剖析
经络之本标。遂有神农本草三卷。艺文录为医家一经。及汉末而李当之始加校修。至梁末而陶弘景益以注释。古
药三百六十五种。以应重卦。唐高宗命司空李 重修。长史苏恭表请。伏定增药一百一十四种。宋太祖命医官刘
翰详校。宋仁宗再诏补注。增药一百种。蜀医唐慎微合为证类。修补众本草五百种，自是人皆指为全书。医则目
为奥典。夷考其间。 瑕不少。有当析而混者。如葳蕤女萎二物。而并入一条。有当并而析者。如南星虎掌一物。
而分为二种。生姜薯蓣。菜也。而列草品。槟榔龙眼。果也。而列木部。八谷。生民之天也。不能明辨其种类。
三菘。日用之蔬也。罔克的别其名称。黑豆赤菽。大小同条。硝石芒硝。水火混注。以兰花为兰草。卷丹为百合。
[Wen Yanbo] *Jieyao Bencao Tu* (Selected Illustrations of Materia Medica) is lost.
In his preface, he said: I have observed that physicians in recent times, although their prescriptions are based on evidence, use medicines imprecisely, resulting in few therapeutic effects. Generally, ancient medical practitioners often collected herbs themselves. Therefore, Tong Jun wrote the *Caoyao Lu* (Record of Herb Collection), detailing the shapes and colors of flowers and leaves to distinguish authenticity and quality. Using such herbs ensures no errors, and patients feel recovered after taking them. Furthermore, one should select high-quality local products from various commanderies and states, and harvest them during the auspicious seasons of spring and autumn when plants are flourishing and mature. This is no longer the case today. Shopkeepers cannot fully identify medicinal materials, relying solely on the collectors' reports. Physicians rarely master the *Bencao* (Materia Medica), making it difficult to distinguish good from bad. Coupled with counterfeit and fake substances mixed into preparations, treatments yield few results, which is natural. During the prosperous Tang Dynasty, a botanical garden was established to create *Bencao Tu* (Illustrations of Materia Medica), aiming to thoroughly understand the shape, color, and odor of drugs, demonstrating such precision and caution in medication. In the early Jiayou era, while serving in the government, I proposed revising the *Bencao Tujing* (Illustrated Canon of Materia Medica). It took several years to complete, and by custom, I was granted a copy. However, due to the vast number of drugs, illustrating every shape and form resulted in numerous volumes, making consultation difficult. Thus, I excerpted the commonly used and essential species, compiling them into a separate illustrated manual for easier reference. Simplicity facilitates identification, allowing people to possess it; verifying authenticity against the images greatly benefits medical practice. Recorded by Duke of Lu, Kuanfu (Wen Yanbo). (From Collected Works)
Zhu Xi stated: Wen Yanbo, courtesy name Kuanfu, was from Fenzhou. He passed the imperial examinations and served Emperors Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, and Zhezong, rising to the position of Chancellor. He was conferred the title of Grand Commandant (Taiwei) and retired as Grand Tutor (Taishi). (From *Records of Words and Deeds of Famous Ministers*)
[Pang Anshi] *Bencao Buyi* (Supplemental Additions to Materia Medica) is lost.
According to the biography in the *Song Shi* (History of Song): Medicines may emerge later, unknown to antiquity and indistinguishable today. If trials prove effective, they should not be omitted. Thus, he composed the *Bencao Buyi*.
[Zhuang Jiyu] *Bencao Jieyao* (Essentials of Materia Medica), 3 volumes, recorded in *Shulu Jieti*, is lost.
Chen Zhensun stated: Authored by Zhuang Jiyu of Qingyuan.
[Cui Yuan] *Bianwu* (Clarification of Errors), 1 volume, recorded in *Yiweng Lue*, is lost.
*Yu Hai* records: During the Xining era, Cui Yuan authored *Bianwu*, 1 volume.
[Kou Zongshi] *Bencao Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning of Materia Medica), 20 volumes (recorded as *Guangyi* in *Dushu Houzhi*), recorded in *Yiweng Lue* (20 volumes) or *Shulu Jieti* (10 volumes), extant.
In his preface, he said: Heaven and Earth possess the virtue of generation and creation. Among living things, the body is most valued. The body's foundation is peace and health, which can be achieved through preservation and nourishment. If people take preservation as their foundation, the foundation becomes solid. If the foundation is solid, how can disease arise? How can premature death occur? This is the way of preserving life, nothing surpasses it. Plants and trees are senseless yet require irrigation; how much more so for humans, the spirit of all things, who rely on preservation? The principles of preservation are myriad, but essentially there are three methods: first, nourishing the Spirit (Shen); second, conserving Qi (Vital Energy); third, damming diseases (prevention). Forgetting emotions and discarding artificial wisdom, maintaining tranquility and emptiness, separating from worldly affairs to preserve true nature, with no internal or external attachments—thus the Spirit does not deplete internally nor confuse externally. When purity remains undisturbed, the Spirit naturally calms. This is nourishing the Spirit. Embracing the root of the One, consolidating the true Qi that returns to essence, fixing the Sanjiao (Triple Burner), forgetting the forms of the Six Thieves (sensory desires), emptying the realm of consciousness, and merging with the Great Unity—thus Qi stabilizes. This is conserving Qi. Eating at appropriate times, regulating warmth and coolness, avoiding the Eight Evils (pathogenic factors) in daily activities, and sleeping without force—thus the body remains safe. This is preventing disease. These three are easy to practice, yet people consider them difficult and refuse to do so. Even with methods for longevity, few adhere to them, leading to eternal decline. Consequently, diseases attack mutually, and Heavenly Harmony is lost. The Sages pitied this, thus employing preservation and rescue techniques, assisted by dispelling medicines, so that both the knowledgeable and ignorant may reach the realm of longevity. Hence, the state compiled the *Shenghui Fang* (Holy Grace Formulas), corrected the *Suwen* (Basic Questions), revised the *Bencao*, and created the *Tujing*. Works like Zhang Zhongjing’s *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage), *Qianjin Yaofang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold), *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), and *Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials of the Outer Cabinet) are brilliantly preserved in the imperial library. Now, we examine and collect insights from physicians nationwide, appointing distinguished officials to oversee them, universally saving people from suffering. This reflects the supreme virtue of the Sage Emperor, aligning with Heaven and Earth’s utmost benevolence, valuing life deeply, and bestowing gifts upon the world. Thus, no medicinal herb is left in the wild, and no disease goes unrecognized. However, among the two editions of *Bencao*, doubts inevitably exist. We now cross-reference various schools of thought and verify with facts. Where reasoning is incomplete, we expand to clarify principles (e.g., Dongbi Tu [Earth from East Wall], Daoliushui [Flowing Water], Donghui [Winter Ash]). Where meanings are obscure or hidden, we elucidate to reveal their nature (e.g., water flowing under chrysanthemum becoming fragrant, musk deer urine dropping to earth generating offspring). Where text is brief, missing, or erroneous, we corroborate to clarify meaning (e.g., Yuquan [Jade Spring], Shimii [Rock Honey]). Where names were changed due to taboos, we trace origins to restore original names (e.g., Shanyao [Chinese Yam], avoiding the taboo of the current dynasty and Emperor Daizong of Tang). This unifies right and wrong, providing a source for treatment, ensuring clarity and doubt-free usage. Therefore, searching and collecting took over ten years, gathering merits from many sources, diagnosing illnesses, and harmonizing storage efforts comprehensively. Since diseases are treated with caution by Sages, and impermanence cannot serve as medical basis, how can this be discussed lightly? Kou Zongshi often said: What disease relies on is the physician; what the physician relies on is the formula; what the formula relies on is the drug. If one knows the deficiency or excess of the disease and the validity of the formula, but fails to understand the toxicity or efficacy of drugs or the timing appropriateness of formulas, mixing true with false and new with old, how can one remove the gu poison of Daoist Chen Su or whiten the fused teeth of Zhang Guolao? The intent of this book lies here. Now organized into a book, strictly following the categories of the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer’s Materia Medica) and *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians), classified and analyzed. The preface and examples are expanded into three volumes. Items with names but no usage, or meanings already exhausted, are excluded. Entries from *Shennong Bencao Jing*, *Mingyi Bielu*, Tang additions, new supplements, and new definitions are not repeated in the目录 (Table of Contents) as they are already noted in the main text. The work remains twenty volumes plus one volume of directory, titled *Bencao Yanyi*. For those devoted to universal love and health preservation, if their intentions align, further revisions may be made to honor the Sage Dynasty’s reverence for life. Recorded in the Bing Shen year of Zhenghe Era.
Zhao Xibian stated: *Bencao Guangyi* (Broad Meaning of Materia Medica), 20 volumes, compiled by Kou Zongshi of the Shang Dynasty (Song Dynasty). Since authors of the two *Bencao* editions sometimes acted on personal bias without sufficient deliberation, he cross-referenced various theories, verified facts, checked logic, and corrected errors to complete this work.
Chen Zhensun stated: *Bencao Yanyi*, 10 volumes, written by Kou Zongshi, Tongzhilang. The citations and dialectical analysis are quite valuable.
Li Shizhen stated: *Bencao Yanyi*, written by Kou Zongshi, Tongzhilang and Imperial Physician, during the Zhenghe era of Song. It supplements the *Zhuzhu* (Annotations) and *Tujing* (Illustrated Canon), referencing facts, verifying logic, and citing dialectics, offering many insights. Doctors like Dongyuan and Danxi also respected it. However, he mistakenly identified Lan Hua (Orchid) as Lancao (Agastache) and Juandan (Lily) as Baihe (Lily Bulb). The book consists of three volumes. Zhang Weiqing of Pingyang attached Kou’s comments to relevant entries, combining them into one book.
[Zhu Zhenheng] *Bencao Yanyi Buyi* (Supplemental Additions to Expanded Meaning of Materia Medica), 1 volume, extant.
Fang Guang stated: Danxi’s *Bencao Yanyi Buyi*, though a separate work, is included in the Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Fujian editions of *Danxi Xinfa* (Core Methods of Danxi). Cheng Yongguang’s revised *Danxi Xinfa* deleted it, which is unfortunate. We retain it at the beginning of the book so readers can see Danxi’s principles of medication. (From *Danxi Xinfa Fuyu*)
Li Shizhen stated: This book likely derives its meaning from Kou’s *Yanyi* and expands upon it. It covers nearly two hundred items with many innovations. However, identifying Lancao as Orchid and Hufen (Lead Powder) as Tin Powder shows adherence to old views. Distributing drugs among the Five Elements is forced.
[Zheng Qiao] *Bencao Chengshu* (Completed Book of Materia Medica), 24 volumes, is lost.
Zheng Qiao stated: The Way of Confucius has been transmitted poorly, and few confuse people more than the *Spring and Autumn Annals* and the *Book of Songs*. To transmit the *Songs*, whose difficulty lies in understanding the names of birds, beasts, plants, and trees, I first compiled *Bencao Chengshu*. It is called "Completed" because, beyond old annotations, I integrated Tao Hongjing’s *Mingyi Bielu*. My annotations are clear. Since the Jingfu era, various supplemental annotations have been chaotic. I collected twenty families of *Bencao* and supplementary treatments from various texts, recording actual cases of different names with same appearances and same names with different appearances. I annotated the classic texts. All differing records of herbal classics are gathered in this single work, hence "Completed." The classics contain three grades, totaling 365 species, corresponding to the 365 degrees of heaven, sun, moon, and stars forming a year. Tao Hongjing found this insufficient, adding *Mingyi Bielu* to double the count. I further expanded various sources to triple the count. Besides the compiled book, obscure items are kept as "External Categories" (Wailei), totaling 388 species, deemed too valuable to discard but insufficient for the main text. (From *Clipped Stream Remnants Letter to Minister of Rites*)
He also said: *Bencao Chengshu* comprises five sections, 24 volumes. External Category is one section, 5 volumes.
The *Song Shi* biography briefly states: Zheng Qiao, courtesy name Yuzhong, was from Putian, Xinghua Army. He loved writing but avoided literary composition, boasting talent comparable to Liu Xiang and Yang Xiong. He lived in Clipped Stream Mountain, shunning social interactions. Later, he traveled famous mountains and rivers, seeking wonders and visiting ancient sites, borrowing books from collectors until read thoroughly. Officials like Zhao Ding and Zhang Jun esteemed him. Initially, he wrote *Jingzhi* (Principles of Classics) covering rites, music, texts, astronomy, geography, insects, fish, plants, and medical texts. Presented in the 19th year of Shaoxing, ordered stored in the Secret Library. Zheng Qiao returned home to study harder, attracting over 200 followers. Recommended by Wang Lun and He Yunzhong, he was summoned for an audience. He criticized historians since Ban Gu. The Emperor said, "I have heard your name long. Your exposition of ancient learning forms a unique school. Why meet you so late?" Appointed Right Di Gong Lang, then Clerk in the Ministry of Rites and Military. Impeached by Censor Ye Yiwen, transferred to supervise Nanyue Temple in Tanzhou. Given paper to copy his *Tongzhi* (Comprehensive History). Upon completion, entered court as Compiler in the Bureau of Military Affairs. Concurrently handled texts. Requested to compile Jin Zhenglong official regulations, modeling them on Central Plains order. Requested access to the Secretariat to read books. Soon suspended due to censors’ objections. When Jin invaded, he predicted Jupiter’s position indicated Song’s victory and Jin’s ruler would die, which came true. When Gaozong visited Jiankang, he ordered the presentation of *Tongzhi*. He died of illness at 59. Scholars called him Mr. Clipped Stream. Zheng Qiao specialized in textual criticism and classification. Though prolific, his works were broad but lacked focus. He lived simply, gave generously, but was eager for official promotion, which led some to disdain him.
*Bencao Wailei* (External Categories of Materia Medica), 5 volumes, is lost.
[Liu Xinfu] *Xinbian Leyao Tuzhu Bencao* (Newly Compiled Classified Illustrated Annotations of Materia Medica), 42 volumes, extant.
Preface states: Materia Medica is crucial for emergencies and indispensable. Old editions like *Shennong Tujing Zhenglei* are worn out. Large editions are too vast and hard to grasp; small editions are sparse and incomplete. Illustrations are inaccurate with many errors. This book is newly printed. Formulas are grouped by category, drugs by type. *Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning) is appended. Plants, animals, and minerals are illustrated accurately in regular script. Drug properties, incompatibilities, and processing methods are listed clearly for easy reference. Detailed and accurate after multiple checks, leaving no room for doubt. Is this not a significant supplement? Please review carefully.
Note: Liu Xinfu authored *Huoshiren Zhengfang* and was active around the Jiading era. After compiling this book, he appended Kou’s *Yanyi* to the *Zhenglei Bencao*. The Zhenghe edition published by Zhang Cunhui of Jin Ping Shui includes "Added Yanyi in Jiyou Year" on each volume. Jiyou corresponds to the 9th year of Chunyou era of Emperor Lizong of Song, 16 years after Jin’s fall. Zhang’s edition retains the original Zhenghe text without omission; Liu’s edition is heavily edited. Their styles differ. Another version, corrected by Monk Huichang (Master Puming Zhenji of Yuan Shan), matches Liu’s format. Huichang’s version is only noted here. Zhu Yizun’s *Puxuan Ting Ji* contains a postscript on *Daguan Zhenglei Bencao*, noting that appending Kou’s *Yanyi* to entries, while harmless to meaning, deviates from Tang originals, akin to lengthening a duck’s neck—a futile alteration.
*Baoqing Bencao*, recorded in *Wenyuan Ge Mulu* as one volume, complete. (*Zhutang Mulu* lists 6 volumes). Not seen.
[Chen Yan] *Baoqing Bencao Zhezhong* (Abridged Essence of Baoqing Materia Medica), incomplete 5 volumes in Imperial Library, not seen.
Zhang Xuan et al. stated: Written by Chen Yan during the Shaoding era of Song.
[Xu Guozhen] *Zhiyuan Zengxiu Bencao* (Revised Materia Medica of Zhiyuan), not seen.
Wang Qi stated: In the 21st year of Zhiyuan, Emperor Shizu ordered Hanlin Academician Sariman and University Scholar Xu Guozhen to convene medical professors from various routes for revision.
*Yuan Shi* biography states: Xu Guozhen, courtesy name Jinzhi, was from Quwo, Jiangzhou. His grandfather Xu Ji was Jiedushi of Jinjiangzhou; father Xu Riyuan was Judge of Rongzhou Jiedushi. Both practiced medicine. Xu Guozhen was well-versed in classics and history, especially skilled in medicine. Fleeing Jin chaos, he hid in Yongjun County, Songzhou. After Henan pacified, he settled in Taiyuan. When Emperor Shizu was in his private residence, Xu was recruited as a physician. He served as Governor of Hanhai, managing medicine. He cured Empress Dowager Zhuangsheng within a set time. A banquet was held, and she gifted him 53 silver ingots corresponding to her age of 53. When Princess Bosha suffered eye damage from acupuncture error, Emperor Shizu wanted to execute the doctor. Xu advised, "Death is deserved, but the cause was fear-induced error. Executing him deters future healers." The Emperor relented, praising Xu’s honesty suitable for a censor. Prince Xiban requested Xu join his household; Xu declined, pledging loyalty to the Emperor. When Emperor Shizu developed foot pain and refused bitter medicine, Xu quoted, "Good medicine tastes bitter; loyal words offend the ear." When the pain recurred, Xu reminded the Emperor, who rewarded him with a seven-horse saddle. In the 3rd year of Xianzong (Gui Chou), he accompanied the campaign to Yunnan, participating in secrets. In the 9th year (Ji Wei), during the siege of Ezhou, he saved hundreds of Song civilians from massacre, sparing all but the violent. He distributed grain from Caizhou to feed tens of thousands of surrendered refugees. Upon Emperor Shizu’s accession, he was rewarded with Rank of Ronglu Dafu, Director of Imperial Hospital, and Gold Badge. Promoted to Gold Tiger Tallon in Zhiyuan 3rd year, Minister of Rites in 12th year. He submitted memorials on fiscal prudence, sumptuary laws, legal clarity, military readiness, censorship, balanced guards, education, and court rituals, many implemented. He recommended notable scholars. Emperor Shizu praised him as a companion in hardship, appointing him University Scholar of Jixian and High-ranking Guanglu Dafu. Addressed as "Xu Guanglu," he rose to Hanlin Jixian University Scholar. Died at 76.
[Li Shizhen] *Bencao Gangmu* (Compendium of Materia Medica), 52 volumes, recorded in *Guoshi Jingzhi*, extant.
Li Shizhen stated: *Bencao Gangmu* was written by Li Shizhen, Dongbi, of Qizhou, Pengxi County, Fengci Official of Chu Prefecture, Ming Dynasty. Collecting from hundreds of sources and four corners, started in Jiasheng Renzi year, finished in Wanli Wuyin year. Revised three times. Divided into 52 volumes, 16 parts, 60 categories. Named "Gang" (Outline) and listed events as "Mu" (Items). Added 374 drugs and 8,160 formulas.
Li Jianyuan’s Memorial Presenting *Bencao Gangmu*: Student Li Jianyuan of Huangzhou Academy, Huguang Province, respectfully presents this Materia Medica per imperial edict to search for books. I read the Ministry of Rites’ document requesting scholars to compile official histories and collect notable works on state rituals, emperor-minister deeds, astronomy, music, and medicine that form unique schools and deserve posterity. Printed books should be sent; family submissions are permitted. My late father, Li Shizhen, former Fengci Official and Magistrate of Pengxi, dedicated his life to scholarship and compilation. He completed a *Bencao* just before printing, but died suddenly, leaving a memorial for me to present. As a son, I must obey his will and respond to the court. Now, during history compilation, presenting this book is timely. My father was frail in youth, slow to develop, but devoured books like sweets. He researched past and present, corrected errors, and compiled texts. Recognizing the importance of *Bencao* and its many errors, he spent thirty years proofreading and seventy years completing the work. Even a common farmer offers roasted back and mustard to the Emperor; how dare I, collecting pearls and jade, withhold this from the Sage Ruler? Ancient Shennong tasted herbs to distinguish flavors and toxins; Yellow Emperor studied with Qibo and Bogao to map meridians. Thus arose *Shennong Bencao*, a medical classic. Li Dang revised it in late Han; Tao Hongjing annotated it in late Liang. The 365 ancient drugs matched the hexagrams. Tang Gaozong ordered Li Ji and Su Gong to add 114 drugs. Song Taizu ordered Liu Han to check; Song Renzong ordered supplements adding 100 drugs. Tang Shenwei’s *Zhenglei Bencao* synthesized 500 drugs, becoming the standard. Yet flaws exist: confusing distinct drugs like Weirui and Nuwei; splitting one drug like Nanxing and Huzhang; listing vegetables like Shengjiang and Shuyu as herbs; listing fruits like Binglang and Longyan as trees; failing to classify the Eight Grains; misidentifying Three Song vegetables; grouping Black Bean and Red Soybean; mixing Nixiao and Mangxiao; mistaking Orchid for Agastache; and Lily for Volcano Lily.