治痘疮黑陷，项强目直视，腹胀喘急，发搐。即乳香散。
蝉蜕（去足翅，土，五钱） 地龙（去土，焙，一钱）
上末，每服半钱，研乳香汤调下。连进二服，疮出愈。
治痘疮恶候，及黑疮子。
朱砂（一钱） 牛黄（如无，以胆星代） 龙脑、麝香 腻粉（各等分）
上为末，一岁一字，大儿半钱，公猪尾上血三点，熟水调服。安宁稳睡，取下恶物，气
即安。乳汁调服，亦好。
治小儿痘疮盛出，壮热烦渴，腹胀气喘，大小便秘涩而赤，闷乱水肿，并逐脾
槟榔 陈皮 甘草（炙。各等分） 牵牛（半生半炒）
上为末，小者半钱，壮者一钱，蜜汤调服，可代百祥丸。
治痘疮，始终要药。另有虚实寒热加减法。
人参 黄 甘草（炙。各等） 水煎服。
人参去芦，芦与参相反，吐药中有用芦者。
玄参南产黑者好。去须，芦水洗，晒干用。
沙参去芦，刮去浮皮，水洗，晒切。
丹参去根，酒洗，晒干用，切。
苦参乔刮去薄黄皮，酒制。
白术去梗及油黑者，不用米泔浸，切，炒。土炒，燥湿健脾胃。姜汁炒，燥湿痰、寒痰。
甘草刮去赤皮，炙。疮科用节，下部用梢，缓火用生大者好。
当归去芦，土酒浸，行经活血。姜汁浸，焙，不恋膈。头止血，身活血，尾破血，有全
用者。
川芎雀脑者，上部用川芎，经络痛用抚芎，即茶芎，开郁用黑者，不好。
生地黄生血、凉血；熟者补血、温血。酒浸入经，姜汁浸，焙，补药中不恋膈生痰。忌
铁。
芍药白者补血，补脾阴不足；赤者破血，行积火。煨用，有酒浸、姜汁浸，各炒。
苍术刮去毛，土米泔浸一日夜，切，炒，有姜汁炒者。茅山者佳，制同。生白毛者，好。
南星圆大白者佳。湿纸包，火煨裂用。有姜汁浸者；有同生姜、白矾、皂角煮透焙用者；
有
半夏圆白大者佳。滚水泡七次，去皮脐，切用。有同姜、矾、皂角煮透切用者；有生姜
汁浸三次焙用；有油炒用，不损胎，降肺火，消痰。
半夏面，用半夏细末一斤，白矾半斤，生姜汁合成块，楮叶包，伏日制，阴干。
黄芩刮去皮，上有用头，用尾，用腐，用片，用条，直鼠尾者，有生用酒炒姜制者。
黄连去须，如鹰爪者好。水润，切。有酒炒、姜汁炒、有生用、乳汁浸用者。
黄 刮去皮芦，水洗，切。有蜜炙，姜汁炙，生用者。
防风去芦，及双股者，有生用，焙用者。
荆芥去根土，用穗。有生用，焙用，烧灰用；有连梗用者。
薄荷南产者佳。去梗土，洗，用叶。
羌活川产节密者佳。去芦土，洗，晒，切。
柴胡软者好。去苗土，水洗，切。
威灵仙去芦土，酒浸用。
独活去毛土，洗，晒，切。
猪苓洗去黑皮，切。
本去土毛，洗，切。
升麻川者佳。水洗去须土，晒，切。
细辛北者好。去土叶。
桔梗去芦土，泔水洗，切，焙。
白芷水润，切片。有焙用、生用，有同黄精拌蒸者。夏日频晒，免生虫，伏日切片，好。
泽泻刮去毛，水洗，润，切。有酒浸，有皂角水浸，切，焙用。夏月频晒，不生虫。
紫苏去根土，水洗。有用梗、用叶，有梗叶同用者。
枳壳、枳实内白外黑圆紧者佳。水浸去穣，切。麸炒枳实。绿者不好。
大黄川者、锦纹者佳。有生用、酒浸蒸者，有酒拌干者，不伤阴血。有酒炒，有湿纸包
火煨者。
干姜黄白色坚实者佳，黑烂者不好。有生用、炮用，有炒黑用者。生姜洗去土，有全用，
有用肉、用皮、捣汁用者，有火煨用者。
菖蒲石上生，一寸九节佳。去毛，焙。有酒浸、姜浸，焙，有嫩桑枝拌蒸者。忌铁。
五味子北者佳。去枝，水洗，晒干。有劈破蜜拌蒸者。
大附子湿纸包，火炮，裂去皮脐，切。有同黄连、甘草、童便煮，有盐水、姜汁煮者。
草果去皮膜，切，焙。
牛膝去苗，酒浸，焙。
车前子去 土，炒。
韭子酒浸，焙。
萝卜子炒，研。
萆麻去皮，研。
紫苏去土，水洗，晒，炒。
鼠粘子水洗，晒干，炒，研。
乌药大者去须，童便煮，切。
地榆刮去须土，水洗，切。
菟丝子酒浸三日，酒煮烂，捣烂，捏成饼，焙干收用。
漏芦去腐、土芦，甘草、水拌蒸，切，焙。
紫菀去芦土，有童便洗，姜汁制者，有蜜水浸一宿，火焙者。
麻黄去根节，滚醋汤泡，片时，去沫，发汗；根，止汗。有连根节全用者。
砂仁去皮，熨斗内微火炒用行气，研碎。有生用者。
栝蒌仁去皮，炒研如泥用。有连皮连穣全用者。
天花粉即栝蒌根，有姜汁浸用，有为细末，水澄去黄浆，数次成粉晒收者。
远志甘草汤浸一宿，去心，晒干。苗即小草，去苗用者多。
天麻爪者佳。有生用，有火煨用。羊角者次之。
天门冬、麦门冬，水润略蒸去心，有酒浸，有姜汁浸，免恋膈，伏日洗，抽心，极妙。
益智仁去皮，焙，研用。
薏苡仁微炒用，研。
酸枣仁好睡，用生；夜不能眠，炒熟用，俱研碎。
红花头次采者佳。酒浸，醋浸者，略焙。
贝母去心及嘴上白丹如米颗者，姜汁浸，焙。有同糯米炒，去米用。
知母南者佳。去皮毛，酒浸炒。有蜜水浸炒者。
款冬花去枝梗，甘草汤浸一宿，晒干用。
菊花黄色、白色者入药，南者尤好。去枝萼，有酒洗者。青茎不应时开者不用。
阿魏真者少，惟马肉色者好。醋浸用，有生用者，另研。
大麦芽焙干，有为面用者。
神面六月六日水六品药味全踏收用。青蒿、蓼子、苍耳苗叶各取汁，赤小豆、杏仁研烂，
和
大茴、小茴香，去枝梗，青盐水拌炒，入肾经。
干山药肥白大者佳。焙。夏日晒，不生虫。
连翘去枝、梗、心，研。
干葛南产有粉者好。水洗，晒干，切。
干漆烧烟尽，研细用。
仙灵脾即淫羊藿，去叶边上刺，羊油炒。
香薷去枝土，用穗叶。
莲肉去皮，微焙，研。
玄胡南产紧小者佳。微焙。
常山鸡骨者，锉。
白扁豆炒去皮，研碎。
阿胶明脆者真，蛤粉炒，成珠，研。
前胡去芦毛，姜制用。
蒲黄黄细者好。微焙
秦艽去芦毛，酒洗浸。
百部去枝土，酒浸一宿，焙。
琐阳酥油炙，或羊油炙透用。
瓜蒂焙，另研。
乌头、草乌川产者佳。湿纸包，慢火炮，裂去皮脐尖用。
肉苁蓉酒浸一宿，去鳞甲，及心中白丝，焙。不去膈人心气不散，正气不出。酥炙者。
米壳水润去顶膈，蜜炒黄色。有生用者，不可轻用。
百合蜜拌蒸软，切，有炒黄色者。
本去枝叶，洗去土，晒。
木瓜酒浸，切，晒。
木贼去节，焙。
巴戟连珠者佳。甘草汤浸去心。有酒浸者，有枸杞汤浸者。
石斛去根毛，酒浸一宿，晒。有酥油拌蒸三时者。
芫花醋浸，微火焙黄色，去毒。
甘遂面裹，煮透用。
三棱去毛，有火煨，切，有醋煮，醋炒、酒炒者。
莪术同三棱制法。
何首乌酒浸软，切大片，黑豆一层，何首乌一层，蒸晒各七遍，听用。忌铁器。
牵牛黑者利水，白者亦利水。不损气，焙，取头末用。
萆 川者佳。有酒浸、泔浸、童便浸、盐水浸之别。
香附米制法同，当炒。
龙胆草去芦土，酒浸，晒。
蛇床子有生用，有生地汁拌蒸三时。
益母草五月五日，七月七日五更采，去根枝叶子全用。忌铁器。
谷精草立夏前采，去根叶土，晒干。
茵陈蒿谷雨前后采，酒洗，阴干。因有宿根复生，色白者是，有角者非。
夏枯草花盛吐时采，去根土，洗净熬膏用。有生用，煎汤用者。
赤白葵花去萼，略焙。小葵子去苞，焙，研用。
草豆蔻、白豆蔻、去皮膜，略焙，研用。
乌梅、小枣，俱去核用肉。枣有煮去皮核用者，有生用者。
地骨皮洗去土骨，甘草水浸一宿，焙。
破故纸用东流水洗净，同盐酒浸一宿，同芝麻焙，声绝去麻。
续断去芦丝，酒浸一时，晒，焙。
孩儿茶研细，隔纸略焙。
浓朴去粗皮洗，紫浓香者佳。有生用，有姜汁浸炒者。
黄柏去粗皮，洗，切。有酒炒，蜜炙，盐水炒，有生用，有腊月猪胆炙透用者。
青皮四花圆紧者好。水泡去穣，切，焙。有晒干用，有醋炒用。
大腹皮揉去土，有酒洗，有姜汁浸去毒，有连子用者。
牡丹皮去木，水洗。有醋浸焙，有酒拌蒸用者。
桑根白皮刮去赤，有蜜拌炒。忌铁器。东行根出土者，有毒。
茯苓赤者利水，白者亦利水，带补。去皮。有焙用，有为末。水澄去筋膜，晒干用。
槟榔白而坚者好。有火煨，切，有酸米饭裹，湿纸包，火煨者，有生用，有锻石制者。
枸杞子甘州红小者佳。去萼，酒浸，用同菊花拌，焙，去菊花。
山楂南者佳，水润蒸，去核。
草果去皮膜，切，焙，有面裹煨者。
山栀子红小者佳。有用仁、用皮，有仁皮同用者。炒，研碎。
川楝子去皮核，焙。
槐花水洗，去枝，焙干收。
诃子去皮核，煨。有生用者。
郁李仁泡去皮，压去油，研。
杜仲去粗皮，切。姜汁拌炒，丝尽。有酥油拌炒者，有酒浸炒者。
桃仁、杏仁汤泡，去皮尖，炒。有生用，有连皮尖用者。各研，双仁有大毒，不可用。
皂角炙，去黑皮子，另研。大小不等各有用。皂角刺，切，焙。
木通大者、色黄白者佳。去皮。
通草白者佳。二味通气。
木香广者佳。有不见火为末用者，有火煨，有水研用者。
青木香同制法。
吴茱萸去枝，滚水加盐，泡五次，去毒炒用。
山茱萸水泡去核，用肉焙。
侧柏叶按四时方位采，焙。有阴干生用者。
柏子仁水浸略蒸，晴日晒爆，开口取仁，焙，另研。
川椒去枝梗，合口及黑子，焙。出汗，地上盆合一时，去火毒，为末用。
巴豆去皮、心、膜，有生用，焙用，连皮用，压去油取霜用，有醋煮用者。
陈皮广者、红者佳。去白利痰，用连白入脾胃。有盐水浸焙者。
丁香去顶上小泡子及枝梗，另研。母丁香，力大。
肉豆蔻面裹，煨，去油，切。
椿根白皮切，焙。
乳香明净者佳，粘则难研。同灯草研，或隔纸略焙，研。
琥珀同豆腐浆水煮百沸，略炙另研，拾芥者真。
官桂补用肉浓者。下行和荣卫，上行，横行用枝。俱锉，有不见火用者。
石膏软白者佳。有同甘草水澄用，有生用者，有火 用，俱研细。
赤石脂火 ，研细，有生用者。
寒水石有姜汁煮用，有火 ，有生用者，俱为末。
自然铜火 ，红醋淬七次，研细用。
砂醋和，面包，慢火煨面熟杀毒。
针砂倾银锅内，火 红，醋淬。
人言醋浸一宿，除毒，不可轻用，亦不可买卖。
人手足甲新瓦上焙，存性，另研。
人粪干者，研水调服，杀杏仁毒，极效。有烧用者。
人发童子年壮少者好，烧研。
人小便，二三岁以上，十岁以下，色清者佳。
天灵盖年久者好，火 ，另研。
人牙火烧，另研。
龙骨五色具者佳，白者粘舌者好。火 ，另研。亦有生用者。
虎骨前腿胫骨髓满者佳。酥油炙透，有酒炙者。
象牙生者好。烧存性，另研。年久有油者不堪。
龟板去裙，酥油炙透。有酒炙者。
鳖甲醋炙或酒炙透，去裙。
全蝎去毒，水洗去盐，焙。
五灵脂为末，水澄去土，焙。有生用者。
蜈蚣金头赤足者佳。去头足炙透。
蝉蜕去嘴足翅土，焙，研。
白花蛇、乌梢蛇，酒浸，去皮骨，焙。
穿山甲沙土炒，另研。
珍珠新鲜者，用绵絮包裹，火烧不振，另研。
牡蛎左顾者佳。 研。
斑蝥、红娘子去头足翅，水略润，同糯米微火炒，透熟去米，另研。
酒用无灰酽者佳。
醋用米造陈者佳。
油用白芝麻者佳。
水用甜井新汲者佳。
凡治病在头面手梢上部者，用酒炒药；治咽喉以下，肚脐以上，中焦者，用酒浸晒；在
脐下至足者，多用生药。凡熟升生降之意。
制药用心不可太过，过则反失药力。
凡炒药大中小分三等，作三次炒，庶无生熟之患。
凡七八九月，遇晴明天气，预制咀片过冬。冬月天寒，水冰制则失药力。
万历十三年春仲月吉临邑清泉张洁选集
To treat variola (smallpox) presenting with black depression, neck stiffness, eyes staring straight ahead, abdominal distension, rapid breathing, and convulsions. Immediately use Ruxiang San (Frankincense Powder).
Cicada Slough (remove feet and wings, remove soil, 5 qian) Earthworm (remove soil, roast, 1 qian)
Grind the above into fine powder. Take half a qian each time, mixed with Frankincense decoction. Administer continuously for two doses; the rash will emerge and the patient will recover.
To treat Wind-Strike affecting the front and back, dissolve one or two pills in Bohe Gancao Tang (Peppermint and Licorice Decoction). Formula see Section on Pediatrics.
To treat malignant signs of variola (smallpox), as well as black pustules.
Cinnabar (1 qian) Calculus Bovis (if unavailable, substitute Danxing [Arisaema cum Bile]) Borneol Musk Calomelas (equal parts)
Grind the above into fine powder. For a one-year-old infant, administer one zi amount; for an older child, half a qian. Mix with three drops of blood from a male pig's tail and warm water to take. The patient will sleep peacefully and securely, expelling evil substances, and the qi will stabilize. Mixing with breast milk is also effective.
To treat excessive eruption of pediatric variola (smallpox), high fever with irritability and thirst, abdominal distension and wheezing, constipation with dark red urine, mental confusion and edema, and to purge the spleen...
Areca Seed Tangerine Peel Roasted Licorice Root (equal parts) Morning Glory Seed (half raw, half roasted)
Grind the above into fine powder. For young children, take half a qian; for robust children, take one qian. Mix with honey water to take. This can replace Baixiang Wan (Hundred Auspicious Pills).
Treating variola (smallpox), these are essential medicines throughout the course. There are additional methods for modification based on deficiency/excess and cold/heat patterns.
Ginseng Radix Astragali Root Roasted Licorice Root (equal parts) Decoct in water and take.
Remove the rhizome head of Ginseng Radix; the rhizome head is contrary to the root, though it is used in emetic formulas.
Scrophulariae Radix: Those produced in the south that are black are good. Remove the fibrous roots, wash with rhizome water, dry in the sun, and use.
Adenophorae Radix: Remove the rhizome head, scrape off the floating skin, wash with water, dry in the sun, and slice.
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix: Remove the root system, wash with wine, dry in the sun, and slice.
Sophorae Flavescentis Radix: Scrape off the thin yellow skin, process with wine.
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizome: Remove the stems and oily black parts. Do not soak in rice washing water. Slice and stir-fry. Stir-frying with soil dries dampness and strengthens the spleen and stomach. Stir-frying with ginger juice dries damp-phlegm and cold-phlegm.
Licorice Root: Scrape off the red skin, roast. For skin diseases, use the nodes; for lower body conditions, use the tips. For mild effects, use large raw pieces.
Angelicae Sinensis Radix: Remove the rhizome head, soak in earth wine to promote menstruation and invigorate blood. Soak in ginger juice and roast to prevent lingering in the chest. The head stops bleeding, the body invigorates blood, the tail breaks blood stasis. Sometimes the whole root is used.
Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizome: Those resembling a sparrow's brain are best. Use for upper body ailments; use Fuchuanxiong (Chuanxiong from Fu County), also known as Teacup Chuanxiong, for meridian pain; use blackened ones for resolving stagnation (not preferred).
Rehmanniae Radix Preparata: Raw Rehmannia generates and cools blood; Prepared Rehmannia tonifies and warms blood. Wine infusion enters the meridians; ginger juice infusion and roasting prevent lingering in the chest and generating phlegm in tonic formulas. Avoid iron.
Paeoniae Radix: White Paeonia tonifies blood and supplements insufficient spleen yin; Red Paeonia breaks blood stasis and moves accumulated fire. Roast in hot ashes. Can be soaked in wine or ginger juice and stir-fried separately.
Atractylodis Rhizome: Scrape off the hairs. Soak in soil rice-washing water for one day and night. Slice and stir-fry. Some are stir-fried with ginger juice. Those from Maoshan are superior; processing is the same. Those with white mold growth are good.
Arisaemae Cum Bile Bulbus: Round and large white ones are best. Wrap in wet paper and roast over fire until cracked. Some are soaked in ginger juice; some are boiled thoroughly with fresh ginger, alum, and soap pod before roasting; ...
Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum: Round, white, and large ones are best. Soak in boiling water seven times, remove skin and navel, and slice. Some are boiled thoroughly with ginger, alum, and soap pod before slicing; some are soaked in ginger juice three times and roasted; some are fried in oil, which does not damage the fetus, descends lung fire, and resolves phlegm.
Banxia Mian (Pinellia Paste): Use one jin of fine Pinellia powder, half a jin of alum, and ginger juice to form blocks. Wrap in Cecropia leaves, process during the Dog Days, and dry in the shade.
Scutellariae Radix: Scrape off the bark. Parts used include the head, tail, rotten part, slices, and strips. Straight ones resembling rat tails are common. They can be used raw, stir-fried with wine, or processed with ginger juice.
Coptidis Rhizoma: Remove the fibrous roots. Those resembling eagle claws are best. Moisten with water and slice. They can be stir-fried with wine, stir-fried with ginger juice, used raw, or soaked in breast milk.
Astragali Membranacei Radix: Scrape off the bark and rhizome head, wash with water, and slice. They can be honey-roasted, ginger-juice roasted, or used raw.
Saposhnikoviae Radix: Remove the rhizome head and double-stemmed ones. They can be used raw or roasted.
Schizonepetae Spica: Remove roots and soil, use the spikes. They can be used raw, roasted, burned to ash, or used with stems.
Menthae Haplocalycis Herba: Those produced in the south are best. Remove stems and soil, wash, and use the leaves.
Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix: Those from Sichuan with dense nodes are best. Remove rhizome head and soil, wash, dry, and slice.
Bupleuri Radix: Soft ones are good. Remove sprouts and soil, wash with water, and slice.
Clematidis Radix: Remove rhizome head and soil, soak in wine, and use.
Angelicae Pubescentis Radix: Remove hairs and soil, wash, dry, and slice.
Polyporus: Wash off the black skin and slice.
Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma: Remove soil and hairs, wash, and slice.
Cimicifugae Rhizoma: Those from Sichuan are best. Wash with water, remove fibrous roots and soil, dry, and slice.
Asari Radix et Rhizoma: Northern ones are good. Remove soil and leaves.
Platycodonis Radix: Remove rhizome head and soil, wash with rice water, slice, and roast.
Angelicae Dahuricae Radix: Moisten with water and slice. Some are roasted, some raw, some steamed with Polygonati Rhizoma. Frequent sun-drying in summer prevents insect infestation. Slicing during the Dog Days is good.
Alismatis Rhizoma: Scrape off hairs, wash with water, moisten, and slice. Some are soaked in wine, some in soap pod water, sliced, and roasted. Frequent sun-drying in summer prevents insect infestation.
Perillae Folium: Remove roots and soil, wash with water. Stems, leaves, or both can be used.
Aurantii Fructus Immaturus / Aurantii Fructus: Those that are round, tight, white inside, and black outside are best. Soak in water, remove the pith, and slice. Bran-fried Aurantii Fructus. Green ones are not good.
Rhei Radix et Rhizoma: Those from Sichuan with brocade-like patterns are best. They can be used raw, steamed after wine soaking, or dried after wine mixing (does not injure yin and blood). They can be stir-fried with wine or roasted in wet paper.
Zingiberis Rhizoma: Yellow-white and solid ones are best; black and rotten ones are not good. They can be used raw, processed (pao), or stir-fried until black. Fresh Ginger: Wash off soil. Whole, flesh, peel, or crushed juice can be used. Some are roasted over fire.
Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma: Those growing on rocks with nine nodes per inch are best. Remove hairs and roast. Some are soaked in wine or ginger juice and roasted; some are steamed with tender mulberry branches. Avoid iron.
Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus: Northern ones are best. Remove branches, wash with water, and dry in the sun. Some are split, mixed with honey, and steamed.
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata: Wrap in wet paper and roast over fire until cracked. Remove skin and navel, and slice. Some are boiled with Coptidis Rhizoma, Licorice Root, and child's urine; some are boiled in salt water or ginger juice.
Tsaoko Fructus: Remove skin and membrane, slice, and roast.
Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix: Remove sprouts, soak in wine, and roast.
Plantaginis Semen: Remove soil and stir-fry.
Allii Tuberosi Semen: Soak in wine and roast.
Raphani Semen: Stir-fry and grind.
Ricini Semen: Remove skin and grind.
Perillae Folium: Remove soil, wash with water, dry, and stir-fry.
Arctii Fructus: Wash with water, dry in the sun, stir-fry, and grind.
Linderae Radix: Remove fibrous roots from large ones, boil in child's urine, and slice.
Sanguisorbae Radix: Scrape off fibrous roots and soil, wash with water, and slice.
Cuscutae Semen: Soak in wine for three days, boil in wine until soft, crush, shape into cakes, and roast dry for storage.
Radix Rhapontici: Remove rot and soil-like parts. Mix with Licorice Root and water, steam, slice, and roast.
Astagi Radix: Remove rhizome head and soil. Some are washed with child's urine and processed with ginger juice; some are soaked in honey water overnight and roasted over fire.
Ephedrae Herba: Remove roots and joints. Soak in boiling vinegar water for a moment, remove foam, to induce sweating; the root stops sweating. Sometimes the whole plant including roots and joints is used.
Amomi Fructus: Remove skin, stir-fry lightly in a flatiron for moving qi, and grind. Some are used raw.
Trichosanthis Semen: Remove skin, stir-fry, and grind into paste. Sometimes the whole fruit including skin and pith is used.
Trichosanthis Radix: Also known as Gua Lou Gen. Some are soaked in ginger juice; some are ground into fine powder, clarified with water to remove yellow sediment multiple times to form starch, then dried and stored.
Polygalae Radix: Soak in Licorice Root decoction overnight, remove the heart, and dry in the sun. The sprout is called Xiao Cao; usually the root without the sprout is used.
Gastrodiae Rhizoma: Claw-shaped ones are best. Some are used raw, some are roasted over fire. Horn-shaped ones are secondary.
Asparagi Radix / Ophiopogonis Radix: Moisten with water, slightly steam, and remove the heart. Some are soaked in wine, some in ginger juice to prevent lingering in the chest. Washing and removing the heart during the Dog Days is excellent.
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus: Remove skin, roast, and grind.
Coicis Semen: Lightly stir-fry and grind.
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen: For easy sleep, use raw; for insomnia at night, use roasted. Both should be ground.
Carthami Flos: First harvest is best. Soaked in wine or vinegar, lightly roasted.
Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus: Remove the heart and white spots on the mouth like rice grains. Soak in ginger juice and roast. Some are stir-fried with glutinous rice, then the rice is removed.
Anemarrhenae Rhizoma: Southern ones are best. Remove hair and skin, soak in wine and stir-fry. Some are soaked in honey water and stir-fried.
Colletanthemi Flos: Remove branches and stems, soak in Licorice Root decoction overnight, and dry in the sun.
Chrysanthemi Flos: Yellow and white flowers are used for medicine; southern ones are especially good. Remove branches and calyx. Some are washed with wine. Do not use green stems that do not bloom in season.
Styracis Resina: Genuine ones are rare; those resembling horse meat color are good. Soak in vinegar. Some are used raw, ground separately.
Hordei Fructus Germinatus: Roast dry. Some are ground into flour.
Shenqu: Collected on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month using six types of water and all medicinal ingredients trodden together. Juices from Qinghao, Polygoni Orientalis Folium, and Xanthii Praecox Herba et Folium are taken. Adzuki beans and Almond are crushed and mixed...
Star Anise / Small Star Anise: Remove branches and stems, stir-fry with green salt water to enter the Kidney Meridian.
Dioscoreae Rhizoma Dry: Fat, white, and large ones are best. Roast. Sun-dry in summer to prevent insects.
Forsythiae Fructus: Remove branches, stems, and heart, and grind.
Puerariae Lobatae Radix: Those produced in the south with starch are good. Wash with water, dry in the sun, and slice.
Resina Draconis: Burn until smoke ceases, grind finely.
Epimedii Folium: Also known as Yin Yang Huo. Remove thorns on leaf edges, stir-fry with sheep fat.
Elsholtziae Herba: Remove branches and soil, use spikes and leaves.
Nelumbinis Plumula: Remove skin, lightly roast, and grind.
Cyperi Rhizoma: Tight and small ones from the south are best. Lightly roast.
Croci Rhizoma: Chicken-bone shaped ones are best, cut into pieces.
Phaseoli Radiati Semen: Stir-fry, remove skin, and grind.
Equisetum Hiemale: Remove joints, roast.
Moronobis Caulis: Beaded ones are best. Soak in Licorice Root decoction and remove the heart. Some are soaked in wine, some in Lycii Fructus decoction.
Dendrobii Caulis: Remove root hairs, soak in wine overnight, and dry. Some are steamed with sheep fat for three periods.
Genkwa Flos: Soak in vinegar, roast lightly until yellow to remove toxicity.
Kansui Radix: Wrapped in dough, boiled thoroughly, and used.
Sparganii Rhizoma: Remove hairs. Some are roasted over fire and sliced; some are boiled in vinegar, stir-fried with vinegar, or stir-fried with wine.
Curcumae Zedoariae Rhizoma: Processed similarly to Sparganii Rhizoma.
Polygoni Multiflori Caulis: Soak in wine until soft, slice into large pieces. Layer with black soybeans and Polygoni Multiflori Caulis, steam and dry seven times each, then use. Avoid iron vessels.
Morning Glory Seed: Black ones promote urination; white ones also promote urination. Does not damage qi. Roast and use the top powder.
Dharnae Rhizoma: Sichuan ones are best. Differences exist in soaking in wine, rice water, child's urine, or salt water.
Cyperi Rotundi Rhizoma: Processing method is the same as Cyperi Rotundi Rhizoma, should be stir-fried.
Gentianae Radix: Remove rhizome head and soil, soak in wine, and dry.
Cnidii Fructus: Some are used raw; some are steamed with juice of Rehmanniiae Radix Preparata for three periods.
Leonuri Herba: Harvest at dawn on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month and the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. Remove roots, branches, and leaves; use the whole plant. Avoid iron vessels.
Glossostemonis Flos: Harvest before Start of Summer. Remove roots, leaves, and soil, and dry in the sun.
Artemisiae Capillaris Herba: Harvest around Grain Rain. Wash with wine, dry in shade. Because it regrows from old roots, those with white color are correct; those with angles are incorrect.
Prunellae Spica: Harvest when flowers are fully blooming. Remove roots and soil, wash clean, and boil into paste. Some are used raw, some are decocted in water.
Malvae Flor / Malvae Albae Flos: Remove calyx, lightly roast. Small Malva seeds: remove calyx, roast, and grind.
Amomi Fructus / Amomi Rotundus Fructus: Remove skin and membrane, lightly roast, and grind.
Pruni Mume Fructus / Zizyphi Fructus: All remove pits and use the flesh. Dates can be boiled to remove skin and pit, or used raw.
Lycii Cortex Radicis: Wash off soil and bone residue. Soak in Licorice Root water overnight and roast.
Psoraleae Fructus: Wash clean with flowing eastward water. Soak overnight with salt and wine. Roast with sesame seeds until sound ceases, then remove sesame.
Dipsaci Radix: Remove rhizome head and fibers. Soak in wine for an hour, dry, and roast.
Haiercha: Grind finely, lightly roast through paper.
Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex: Remove rough bark and wash. Purple and fragrant ones are best. Some are used raw, some are soaked in ginger juice and stir-fried.
Phellodendri Cortex: Remove rough bark, wash, and slice. Some are stir-fried with wine, honey-roasted, stir-fried with salt water, used raw, or roasted thoroughly with pig bile in the twelfth lunar month.
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride: Four-flowered, round, and tight ones are good. Soak in water to remove pith, slice, and roast. Some are sun-dried, some are stir-fried with vinegar.
Arecae Pericarpium: Rub off soil. Some are washed with wine, some soaked in ginger juice to remove toxicity, some used with seeds.
Moutan Cortex: Remove wood, wash with water. Some are soaked in vinegar and roasted, some steamed with wine.
Mori Cortex Radicis: Scrape off red layer. Some are stir-fried with honey. Avoid iron vessels. Roots growing eastward and emerging from soil are toxic.
Poria: Red Poria promotes urination; white Poria also promotes urination and has tonifying properties. Remove skin. Some are roasted, some ground into powder. Clarify with water to remove fascia, dry, and use.
Areca Seed: White and hard ones are good. Some are roasted over fire and sliced; some wrapped in sour rice, wrapped in wet paper, and roasted; some used raw; some processed with lime.
Lycii Fructus: Small and red ones from Gansu are best. Remove calyx, soak in wine, mix with Chrysanthemi Flos, roast, and remove Chrysanthemi Flos.
Crataegi Fructus: Southern ones are best. Moisten with water, steam, and remove pits.
Tsaoko Fructus: Remove skin and membrane, slice, and roast. Some are wrapped in dough and roasted.
Gardeniae Fructus: Small and red ones are best. Some use the seed, some the skin, some both. Stir-fry and grind.
Toosendan Fructus: Remove skin and pit, roast.
Sophorae Tonkinensis Flos: Wash with water, remove branches, roast dry for storage.
Terminalia Chebula Fructus: Remove skin and pit, roast. Some are used raw.
Pruni Semen: Soak, remove skin, press out oil, and grind.
Eucommiae Cortex: Remove rough bark, slice. Stir-fry with ginger juice until fibers disappear. Some are stir-fried with sheep fat, some soaked in wine and stir-fried.
Persicae Semen / Armeniacae Semen: Soak in water, remove skin and tip, stir-fry. Some are used raw, some with skin and tip. Grind separately. Double-kernelled ones have strong toxicity and should not be used.
Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina: Roast, remove black skin and seeds, grind separately. Sizes vary for different uses. Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina: Slice and roast.
Akebiae Caulis: Large and yellow-white ones are best. Remove skin.
Tetrapanacis Medulla: White ones are best. These two promote qi movement.
Aucklandiae Radix: Guangdong ones are best. Some are ground into powder without heating; some are roasted over fire; some are ground with water.
Aucklandiae Radix Aromatic: Same processing method.
Evodiae Fructus: Remove branches. Soak five times in boiling water with salt to remove toxicity, then stir-fry.
Corni Fructus: Soak in water, remove pit, use flesh, and roast.
Platycladi Cacumen: Harvest according to four seasons and directions, roast. Some are dried in shade and used raw.
Platycladi Semen: Soak in water, slightly steam, sun-dry until bursting, open to take the kernel, roast, and grind separately.
Zanthoxyli Fructus: Remove branches, stems, closed-mouth ones, and black seeds. Roast. To remove fire toxicity, cover with a basin on the ground for one hour, then grind into powder.
Croci Fructus: Remove skin, heart, and membrane. Some are used raw, some roasted, some with skin, some pressed to remove oil for frost extraction, some boiled in vinegar.
Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium: Guangdong and red ones are best. Removing the white pith resolves phlegm; keeping the white pith enters the Spleen and Stomach. Some are soaked in salt water and roasted.
Syzygii Aromatis Flos Bud: Remove small buds on top and branches/stems, grind separately. Mother Clove has stronger potency.
Myristicae Semen: Wrapped in dough, roasted, remove oil, and slice.
Toosendan Cortex: Slice and roast.
Boswelliae Resina: Clear and pure ones are best; sticky ones are hard to grind. Grind with rush grass, or lightly roast through paper and grind.
Succinum: Boil in tofu slurry for a hundred boils, lightly roast, and grind separately. Those resembling mustard seeds are genuine.
Guigui (Cinnamon Bark): For tonification, use thick flesh. Descending action harmonizes Ying and Wei; ascending and horizontal actions use branches. All are chopped. Some are used without heating.
Gypsum Fibrosum: Soft and white ones are best. Some are clarified with Licorice Root water, some used raw, some roasted over fire. All are ground finely.
Halloysit Rubrum: Calcined over fire, ground finely. Some are used raw.
Hydrocerus: Some are boiled with ginger juice, some calcined over fire, some used raw. All are ground into powder.
Pyritum: Calcined over fire, quenched seven times in red vinegar, and ground finely.
Natrii Chloridum Impurum: Mixed with vinegar, wrapped in dough, slow-roasted until dough is cooked to detoxify.
Sideritis: Pour into silver pot, heat red, quench in vinegar.
Arsenical Stone: Soak in vinegar overnight to remove toxicity. Do not use lightly, nor buy/sell.
Human Hand and Foot Nails: Roast on new tile until carbonized, grind separately.
Human Feces (Dry): Grind, mix with water to take. Extremely effective for killing Almond toxicity. Some are burned.
Human Hair: From healthy young boys is best. Burn and grind.
Human Urine: From children aged 2-3 to under 10 years, clear color is best.
Heavenly Spirit Cover: Old ones are best. Calcined over fire, grind separately.
Human Teeth: Burned, grind separately.
Longgu (Fossil Bones): Those with five colors are best; white ones that stick to the tongue are good. Calcined over fire, grind separately. Some are used raw.
Tiger Bone (Anterior Tibia): Those with full marrow are best. Roast thoroughly with sheep fat. Some are roasted with wine.
Ivory: Raw is good. Burn until carbonized, grind separately. Old ones with oil are unsuitable.
Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum: Remove the skirt (soft edge), roast thoroughly with sheep fat. Some are roasted with wine.
Chelonis Carapax: Roast thoroughly with vinegar or wine, remove the skirt.
Full Scorpion: Remove toxicity, wash with water to remove salt, roast.
Darvini Faex: Ground into powder, clarified with water to remove soil, roasted. Some are used raw.
Centipede: Golden head and red feet are best. Remove head and feet, roast thoroughly.
Cicada Slough: Remove mouth, feet, wings, and soil, roast, and grind.
Bungarus Multicinctus / Zaocys: Soak in wine, remove skin and bones, roast.
Manis Squama: Stir-fry in sand and soil, grind separately.
Pearl: Fresh ones are best. Wrap in cotton wadding, burn without shaking, grind separately.
Ostrea Concha: Left-facing ones are best. Grind.
Mylabris / Vesperugo: Remove head, feet, and wings. Moisten slightly with water, stir-fry lightly with glutinous rice until cooked, remove rice, and grind separately.
Wine: Non-ashy and strong wine is best.
Vinegar: Aged rice vinegar is best.
Oil: White sesame oil is best.
Water: Sweet well water freshly drawn is best.
Generally, for diseases in the head, face, and upper extremities, use wine-stir-fried herbs; for diseases below the throat and above the navel (middle jiao), use wine-soaked and sun-dried herbs; for diseases from the navel down to the feet, mostly use raw herbs. This reflects the principle that processed herbs ascend and raw herbs descend.
When processing medicines, one must not be overly meticulous; excessive processing may反而 lose medicinal power.
When stir-frying herbs, divide into large, medium, and small categories, and stir-fry three times to avoid uneven cooking.
In the seventh, eighth, and ninth months, prepare sliced herbs for winter during clear weather. In winter, cold temperatures and frozen water cause loss of medicinal power during processing.
Selected and collected by Zhang Jie from Qingquan, Linyi, on an auspicious day in the second month of spring, 13th year of Wanli reign.