（呕者有物有声而渐出吐者无声有物而顿出干呕者有声而无物也呕则或寒或热吐
则但寒无热盖邪传里多呕症生姜为呕家圣药散逆气也半夏为呕家要药去痰水也呕家虽有阳明症不
可攻者谓气逆尚未收敛为实也热者脉数烦渴寒者脉迟逆冷有水气者先渴后呕腹满怔忡有脓血
者吐尽自愈不烦治也）
初病起。即呕吐。寒伤胃也。（霍香正气散）太阳与阳明合病。不下利。但呕者。（葛根
半夏汤）阳明呕吐。得汤反剧者。属上焦。（葛根半夏汤）太阳与少阳合病。下利而呕。（黄芩加半
夏
。寒热而呕。或日晡发热而呕。（并用小柴胡汤加半夏生姜）潮热便闭而呕。（大柴胡汤）太阴
腹满痛。脉沉。（理中汤加藿香姜橘）少阴呕。肢冷。脉沉细（四逆汤加橘半生姜）厥阴吐涎沫
。逆冷。脉沉微。（茱萸四逆汤加橘半）少阴欲吐不吐。但欲寐。五六日利而渴。小便白。（
四逆汤）似呕似喘。愦愦无奈。（大橘皮汤主之）虚烦呕吐。（竹叶石膏汤加姜橘）先呕后渴
。宜与水解。先渴后呕。为水停心下。（茯苓半夏汤加姜橘）呕而脉弱。小便利。身微热。厥冷
者。多难治。（四逆汤加生姜）
（热在胃脘心下痞结故干呕）
太阳汗出。干呕。桂枝汤）少阴下利。干呕。（姜附汤）表不解。心下有水气。身微热。
干呕微喘。或自利。（小青龙汤）太阳头痛。心下痞。硬满。干呕。短气。汗出。不恶寒。此表解
里未和也。（十枣汤）膈上有寒饮。干呕（四逆汤）少阴下利。厥逆无脉。干呕而烦。（白虎汤
加猪胆汁）
Vomiting (Ou) refers to the expulsion of contents accompanied by sound and substance, occurring gradually. Spitting up (Tu) refers to the expulsion of substance without sound, occurring abruptly. Dry heaving (Gan Ou) refers to making sounds without expelling any substance. Vomiting may be caused by either Cold (Han) or Heat (Re), whereas pure spitting up is exclusively due to Cold and not Heat. Generally, when pathogenic factors transmit to the interior, vomiting symptoms are common. Ginger (Shengjiang) is regarded as the holy medicine for vomiting; it disperses rebellious Qi. Pinellia (Banxia) is an essential medicine for vomiting; it eliminates phlegm and fluid retention. Even if a patient with vomiting presents Yangming disease (Yangming syndrome) symptoms, purgative methods should not be used, because the rebellious Qi has not yet converged, so it cannot be diagnosed as an Excess syndrome. If it is a Heat pattern, the pulse is rapid, accompanied by irritability and thirst; if it is a Cold pattern, the pulse is slow, accompanied by cold limbs. In cases of internal fluid retention, there is thirst followed by vomiting; in cases of abdominal fullness and palpitations; and if pus and blood are expelled, recovery occurs naturally once they are fully vomited out, requiring no special treatment.
When vomiting begins at the onset of illness, it indicates that Cold has injured the Stomach. (Use Huoxiang Zhengqi San [Agastache Powder to Regulate the Qi]) When Taiyang disease (Taiyang syndrome) and Yangming disease coexist, with no diarrhea but only vomiting, (use Gegen Banxia Tang [Kudzu and Pinellia Decoction]). For vomiting caused by Yangming disease, if symptoms worsen after taking decoctions, the pathology belongs to the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner). (Use Gegen Banxia Tang [Kudzu and Pinellia Decoction]). When Taiyang disease and Shaoyang disease (Shaoyang syndrome) coexist, with both diarrhea and vomiting, (use Huangqin Banxia Shengjiang Tang [Scutellaria, Pinellia, and Fresh Ginger Decoction]). For cases with alternating chills and fever accompanied by vomiting, or fever during the Shen hour (3-5 PM) accompanied by vomiting, (use Xiaochaihu Tang [Minor Bupleurum Decoction] added with Banxia and Shengjiang). For cases with tidal fever, constipation, and vomiting, (use Daxiehu Tang [Major Bupleurum Decoction]). For Taiyin disease presenting with abdominal fullness and pain, and a deep pulse, (use Lizhong Tang [Regulate the Middle Decoction] added with Huoxiang, Shengjiang, and Ju Pi). For Shaoyin disease presenting with vomiting, cold limbs, and a deep-thin pulse, (use Sini Tang [Frigid Extremities Decoction] added with Ju Pi, Banxia, and Shengjiang). For Jueyin disease presenting with salivation, cold limbs, and a deep-micro pulse, (use Zhuyu Sini Tang [Cornus and Frigid Extremities Decoction] added with Ju Pi and Banxia). For Shaoyin disease presenting with the urge to vomit but inability to do so, drowsiness, diarrhea and thirst after five to six days, and white urine, (use Sini Tang [Frigid Extremities Decoction]). For sensations resembling vomiting or panting, with indescribable mental restlessness, (Da Jupi Tang [Large Tangerine Peel Decoction] is indicated). For vomiting caused by deficiency-heat and irritability, (use Zhuye Shigao Tang [Bamboo Leaf and Gypsum Decoction] added with Shengjiang and Ju Pi). For thirst following vomiting, fluids should be administered to quench thirst; for vomiting following thirst, it indicates fluid retention in the epigastrium. (Use Fuling Banxia Tang [Poria and Pinellia Decoction] added with Shengjiang and Ju Pi). For vomiting with a weak pulse, clear urination, slight body heat, and cold limbs, the prognosis is generally poor. (Use Sini Tang [Frigid Extremities Decoction] added with Shengjiang).
(Dry heaving occurs because Heat is located in the stomach epigastrium, causing stagnation.)
For Taiyang disease presenting with sweating and dry heaving, (use Guizhi Tang [Cinnamon Twig Decoction]). For Shaoyin disease presenting with diarrhea and dry heaving, (use Jiangfu Tang [Ginger and Aconite Decoction]). When the exterior syndrome is unresolved, with fluid retention in the epigastrium, slight body heat, dry heaving with mild asthma, or spontaneous diarrhea, (use Xiao Qinglong Tang [Minor Green Dragon Decoction]). For Taiyang headache, epigastric stuffiness, hardness and fullness, dry heaving, shortness of breath, sweating, and aversion to cold being absent, this indicates that the exterior is resolved but the interior is unharmonized. (Use Shizao Tang [Ten Jujubes Decoction]). For cold-fluid retention above the diaphragm causing dry heaving, (use Sini Tang [Frigid Extremities Decoction]). For Shaoyin disease presenting with diarrhea, cold extremities, absence of pulse, dry heaving, and irritability, (use Baihu Tang [White Tiger Decoction] added with Porcine Bile).