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Notopterygium (Qianghuo) (1.5 liang): It is the sovereign drug for treating pain in the limbs and bones of the Taiyang channel. Although it is not a sovereign drug that acts through non-action, it is a sovereign that disrupts chaos to restore order. Therefore, it penetrates deeply without obstruction and enters everywhere without exception; joint pain cannot be eliminated without this herb.
Saposhnikovia (Fangfeng) (1.5 liang): Treats pain throughout the body. Its status is like that of low-ranking soldiers who obey the orders of generals and commanders, going wherever they are directed and guided.
Atractylodes (Cangzhu) (1.5 liang): A robust, ascending herb that can dispel dampness and calm the Taiyin below, preventing pathogenic factors from transmitting internally to the Foot-Taiyin Spleen.
Asarum (Xixin) (0.5 liang): Treats headache caused by the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney.
Ligusticum (Chuanxiong) (1 liang): Treats Jueyin headache located in the brain.
Angelica dahurica (Baizhi) (1 liang): Treats Yangming headache located in the forehead.
Rehmannia (Shengdihuang) (1 liang): Treats internal heat of the Shaoyin Heart.
Scutellaria (Huangqin) (1 liang): Treats heat in the chest of the Taiyin Lung.
Licorice (Gancao) (1 liang): Can relieve internal urgency and harmonize various herbs, hence its title "Guolao" (Old Statesman).
Although the above nine herbs form one prescription, one must not adhere rigidly to it. One should observe the differences in the meridians (Jingluo), front and back, left and right, and adjust the dosage according to the severity, magnitude, lightness, and heaviness of the condition. The efficacy will be miraculous. Chopped and decocted in water. If sweating is desired urgently, take it hot, assisted by hot soup/water. If sweating is desired slowly, take it warm without assistance. If the pulse is floating and unresolved, start with urgency and follow with slowness; if the pulse is sunken and unresolved, start with slowness and follow with urgency. This decoction is not only effective for releasing the exterior but also miraculous for treating miscellaneous diseases. For wind-stroke affecting the channels, add Aconite (Fuzi); for wind-stroke with constipation and dryness, add Rhubarb (Dahuang); for wind-stroke combined with three pathogens causing bi-syndrome, etc., add or subtract according to the twelve meridians, interior/exterior, cold/heat, warmth/cold, four seasons, and six qi, using tonification or draining methods. Pill form made with refined honey is also acceptable. Add Rehmannia (Shengdihuang) half a liang each to treat Lianggan Cold Damage (simultaneous involvement of two meridians) with miraculous effect; decoct with Doulin Wine (soybean淋 wine) to treat tetanus.

Miscellaneous Formulas for Releasing the Exterior

Hejie San (Harmonizing Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats headache, irritability, spontaneous sweating, cough, vomiting, and diarrhea caused by Cold Damage in the four seasons. (Composed of Pingwei San plus Jiegeng and Chenpi).
Chenpi (washed), Houpo (coarse bark removed, stir-fried with ginger juice, 4 liang each), Ben (likely Gaoben or Duhuo, original text unclear), Jiegeng, Gancao (each 8 liang), Cangzhu (peeled, 1 jin). Grind into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 cups of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 2 jujubes until reduced to 70%. Take hot at any time.

Shiwei Xiongsu San (Ten-Ingredient Ligusticum and Perilla Decoction) [from *Danliao Fang*, also known as Xiongzhi Xiangsu San]: Treats fever and headache caused by Cold Damage in the four seasons.
Chuanxiong (7 qian), Zisuye (Perilla Leaf), Gegen (Kudzu Root), Chaihu (Bupleurum), Fuling (Poria) (each 0.5 liang), Banxia (Pinellia) (6 qian), Chenpi (Tangerine Peel) (3.5 qian), Zhike (Immature Bitter Orange, stir-fried, 3 qian), Jiegeng (Platycodon) (2.5 qian), Gancao (Licorice) (2 qian). Chop and decoct. Take 3 qian per dose with 1 cup of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 1 jujube, reduced to 70%. Take warm at any time.

Yangwei Tang (Stomach-Nourishing Decoction) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats aversion to cold with high fever, dizziness, and headache caused by external contraction of wind-cold and internal injury from raw/cold food. It treats both wind-cold syndromes complicated by food stagnation and phlegm-fluid retention. For those contracting wind pathogen, mild sweating is preferable.
Banxia (washed seven times in boiling water), Houpo (coarse bark removed, stir-fried with ginger juice), Cangzhu (soaked in rice wash overnight, washed, sliced, stir-fried, 1 liang each), Juhong (Exocarpium Citri Reticulatae Rubrum) (7.5 qian), Huoxiangye (Agastache Leaf, washed to remove dirt), Caoguo (Black Cardamom, husk and membrane removed), Fuling (black skin removed), Renshen (Ginseng, radix removed, 0.5 liang each), Zhigancao (Honey-fried Licorice) (2.5 qian). Chop and decoct. Take 4 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, 7 slices of ginger, and 1 dark plum, reduced to 60%. Take hot. It also treats malaria arising from spleen injury due to dietary irregularities; if chills predominate, add Fuzi (Aconite), named Shiwei Mingbuhuan Jin San (Ten-Ingredient Name-Unchanging Gold Powder).

Wuji San (Five Accumulations Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats Yin-meridian Cold Damage, spleen-stomach disharmony, and contraction of cold pathogen.
Baizhi, Chuanxiong, Zhigancao, Fuling (peeled), Danggui (radix removed), Rougui (Cinnamon Bark, coarse bark removed), Shaoyao (Peony), Banxia (washed seven times in boiling water) (each 3 liang), Chenpi (white part removed), Zhike (pulp removed, bran-fried), Mahuang (Ephedra, roots and nodes removed) (each 6 liang), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) (dose unspecified in original), Houpo (coarse bark removed, prepared with ginger juice) (each 4 liang), Cangzhu (soaked in rice wash, peeled, 24 liang), Jiegeng (radix removed, 12 liang). Except for Rougui and Zhike which are ground separately into coarse powder, stir-fry the other thirteen herbs slowly over low heat until the color changes, spread out to cool, then mix in Zhike and Rougui evenly. Take 3 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, 3 slices of ginger, and 3 segments of scallion white, decocted to one cup. Take hot at any time. For stomach cold, use baked ginger; for Qi stagnation, add Wuzhuyu; for regulating menstruation and inducing labor, add Mugwort and vinegar. If spleen-stomach disharmony occurs due to internal injury from cold foods, manifesting as whole-body pain, dizziness, weakness, chest oppression, inability to eat, discordant Qi and pulse, cold limbs, nocturnal fright, evening restlessness, add a pinch of salt during decoction. For Yin-meridian Cold Damage with cold extremities, continuous spontaneous sweating, fine and rapid pulse, blue complexion, and vomiting, add Fuzi (Aconite) to the decoction. Adjust dosages based on clinical judgment.

Haicang (Zhang Yuansu) stated: Mahuang, Guizhi, Shaoyao, Gancao constitute Mahuang Guizhi Geban Tang (Half-and-Half Decoction of Ephedra and Cinnamon Twig). Cangzhu, Gancao, Chenpi, Houpo constitute Pingwei San (Calm the Stomach Powder). Zhike, Jiegeng, Chenpi, Fuling, Banxia constitute Zhiji Banxia Tang (Immature Bitter Orange, Platycodon, and Pinellia Decoction). Adding Chuanxiong and Danggui treats blood disorders; adding Ganjiang makes Houpo San (Houpo Powder). These combinations serve as formulas for releasing the exterior and warming the middle, eliminating distension, and regulating menstruation. Although they address internal cold and external contraction, separating interior and exterior, they are not the precise formulas of Zhang Zhongjing for treating interior-exterior conditions involving Mahuang, Guizhi, Jiang, and Fu. Only flexible practitioners can adapt them appropriately.

Renshen Baidu San (Ginseng Disaster-Expelling Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats Cold Damage with headache, high fever, aversion to cold, wind-phlegm cough, nasal congestion with heavy voice, rheumatic body swelling and pain, aversion to wind, epidemics, and is suitable for all four seasons. For wind-cold with sweating, use after Summer Solstice.
Qianghuo, Duhuo, Qianhu, Chaihu, Chuanxiong, Zhike, Baifuling (Poria), Jiegeng, Renshen (each 1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang). Grind into powder. Take 3 qian per dose with 1 cup of water, 3 slices of ginger, and a little Bohe (Mint), decoct to 70%, strain, and take warm.

Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink) [from *Yuanrong Fang*]: The main formula for treating all fevers from internal and external contractions. It is said that Qianhu and Gegen naturally release the muscle layer, while Zhike and Chenpi naturally widen the diaphragm. It greatly treats fullness and stuffiness in the middle jiao. Do not be constrained by superficial appearances when heat is present. Especially suitable for children and unmarried women.
Muxiang (Costus Root) (0.5 liang), Zisuye, Gegen, Banxia (washed seven times in boiling water, stir-fried with ginger juice), Qianhu (radicle removed), Renshen (radix removed), Fuling (peeled, each 7.5 qian), Zhike (pulp removed, bran-fried), Jiegeng (radix removed), Zhigancao, Chenpi (white part removed, each 0.5 liang). Chop and decoct. Take 4 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, 7 slices of ginger, and 1 jujube, decocted, take slightly warm at any time. For those with chronic phlegm, alternate with Erchen Tang (Two-Chemical Decoction) or Liujunzi Tang (Six-Gentleman Decoction) after fever subsides. This formula treats phlegm-fluid retention obstructing the middle jiao causing dizziness, epigastric discomfort, palpitations, vomiting, phlegm blocking joints causing limb traction, facial paralysis, hemiplegia, postprandial vomiting, headache, fever resembling Cold Damage, etc. Another method: combine 3 liang of this formula with 2 liang of Siwu Tang (Four-Substance Decoction), named Fuling Buxin Tang (Poria Nourishing Heart Decoction). It greatly treats deficiency-fever in men and women, five-palm heat, epistaxis, hematemesis, hematochezia, and deficiency-fever due to excessive uterine bleeding in women. It is also suitable for deficiency-fever caused by excessive mental exertion and alternating chills and fever, with miraculous effects.

Jiawei Xiangsu San (Modified Fragrant Perilla Powder) [from *Bacui Fang*]
Xiangfu (Cyperus Rhizome) (3 liang), Zisugeng (Perilla Stem) (2 liang), Chenpi (1 liang), Gancao (0.5 liang). Grind into coarse pieces. Take 4 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, decoct to 1 cup, add 3 slices of ginger and 2 stalks of scallion white with roots, decoct together, and take hot.
Modifications:
For headache, add Chuanxiong and Baizhi.
For severe headache like an axe blow, add Shigao (Gypsum) and Lianxu Congtou (Scallion White with Roots).
For lateral or frontal headwind, add Xixin, Shigao, and Bohe.
For Taiyang acupoint pain, add Jingjiesui (Schizonepeta Spike) and Shigao.
For wind-cold with spontaneous sweating, add Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig).
For Cold Damage without sweating, add Mahuang (Ephedra, nodes removed) and Ganjiang.
For wind-cold with aversion to cold, add Cangzhu.
For persistent wind-cold cough, add Banxia and Xingren (Apricot Seed, skin and tip removed).
For wind-cold with chest/diaphragm stuffiness, add Zhi Zhike (Processed Immature Bitter Orange).
For persistent wind-cold fever, add Zhang Chaihu (Zhangzhou Bupleurum) and Huangqin.
For wind-cold with nasal congestion, heavy voice, and throat/diaphragm disharmony, add Kugeng (Platycodon) and Xuanfuhua (Inula Flower).
For copious wind-cold phlegm, add Baifuizi (Levisticum Root) and Tiannanxing (Arisaema).
For wind-cold with epistaxis, add Maohua (Cattail Pollen).
For wind-cold with rapid breathing and anxiety, add Dafupi (Areca Peel) and Sangbaipi (Mulberry Root Bark).
For wind-cold with nasal blockage and dizziness, add Qianghuo and Jingjie.
For persistent wind-cold with intermittent hematemesis, add Shengdihuang (Rehmannia).
For persistent wind-cold with purulent otorrhea and pain, add Qianghuo and Jingjie.
For persistent wind-cold with sore throat, add Kugeng.
For wind-cold with middle jiao cold and loss of appetite, add Qu Bai Qingpi (Green Tangerine Peel without white pith) and Zhike.
For persistent wind-cold vomiting and nausea, add Dingxiang (Clove) and Banxia.
For wind-cold with severe dizziness and vertigo, add Shu Fuzi (Prepared Aconite).
For wind-cold with intermittent chills, add Guizhi.
For wind-cold with phlegm obstruction and persistent vomiting, add Baifuizi, Xuanfuhua, and Banxia.
For lingering deficiency-fever after wind-cold, add Renshen.
For indigestion after wind-cold, add Suosharen (Amomum Fruit) and Qingpi.
For persistent wind-cold turning into tidal fever (unresolved from noon to midday daily), add Digupi (Lycium Root Bark), Zhang Chaihu, and Renshen An (Note: 'An' may be a typo or specific preparation).
For initial wind-cold with headache, fever, nasal congestion, and heavy voice, add Qianghuo and Chuanxiong.
For wind-cold with lower back pain and stiffness, add Guanzi Gui (Cassia Bark) and Taoren (Peach Kernel).
For persistent wind-cold with whole-body pain, add Chi Shaoyao (Red Peony) and Zijin Pi.
For wind-cold with neck stiffness and inability to turn head, add Qianghuo and Guanzi Gui.
For abdominal pain, add Muxiang.
For unbearable stabbing abdominal pain, add Jianghuang (Turmeric) and 7 Zhuyu (Cornus Fruit).
For unbearable constant lower abdominal pain, add Muxiang, Ginger, and Jujube.
For sudden large intestine pain and swelling in women making walking impossible, add Muxiang, Mugua (Chaenomeles), and Zhuyu.
For women suffering from Qi stagnation with chest/diaphragm stuffiness, hypochondriac stabbing pain, and urgent painful urination, add Muxiang and Zhike.
For women suffering from Qi pain, add Muxiang and Suosharen.
For spleen-stomach disharmony and epigastric discomfort, add Guya (Sprouted Grain) and Shenqu (Medicated Leaven).
For wind-cold with vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, add Ganjiang and Muxiang.
For sudden heart pain, add Yanhusuo (Corydalis) and 1 cup of wine.
For carbuncles appearing all over the body or yellow eyes due to excessive alcohol consumption, add Shanyinch'en (Artemisia Capillaris) and Shan Zhizi (Gardenia).
For alcohol-induced nausea/vomiting, add Wumei (Mume Fruit) and Dingxiang.
For chills and fever preceding menstruation in women, add Sumu (Sappan Wood) and Honghua (Safflower).
For persistent deficiency-fever and thirst after childbirth, add Renshen and Dihuang (Rehmannia).
For persistent fever after childbirth, add Renshen and Huangqi (Astragalus).
For persistent lower back pain after childbirth, add Danggui, Guanzi Gui.
For persistent cold cough, add Ganjiang, Wuweizi (Schisandra), and Xingren.
For spleen cold, add Liangjiang (Galangal), Qingpi, and Caoguo.
For beriberi, add Muxiang, Mugua, Niuxi (Achyranthes), Zijin Pi, Zhuyu, and Chuanlianzi (Evodia Fruit).
For wind-cold-fever with headache, add Buhuanjin Zhengqi San (Name-Unchanging Upright Qi Powder).
For Cold Damage with headache, high fever, aversion to cold, body pain, and immobility, add Shengliao Wuji San (Raw Material Five Accumulations Powder).
For inability to eat, urge to vomit but unable, add Dingxiang and Luobozi (Radish Seed).
For Cold Damage with headache, fever, body pain, distinguishing Yin/Yang, add Baidu Shigao (Disaster-Expelling Gypsum).
For postpartum wind causing hand/foot pain, use Shengliao Wuji San + Renshen Baidu San + Mugua; Buhuanjin Zhengqi San + Shengdihuang + Chuanxiong decocted together.

Shishen Tang (Ten-God Decoction) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats fever from seasonal irregularities, epidemic wandering, cold damage, or impending rash. Suitable for both Yin and Lianggan Cold Damage and wind-cold.
Chuanxiong, Gancao, Mahuang (roots/nodes removed), Gegen, Zisu, Shengma (Cimicifuga), Chishao (Red Peony), Baizhi, Chenpi, Xiangfu (equal parts). Chop and decoct. Take 5 qian per dose with ginger and scallion. For severe headache, add 3 scallion whites. For fullness and excess Qi, add Zhike. Take hot.

Wu Kun's Commentary: This decoction uses Shengma and Gegen to release and disperse Yangming meridian epidemic Qi. It is not a primary formula for standard Cold Damage. Using it for Taiyang Cold Damage with fever may transmit the pathogen to Yangming, causing macules/rash. Use with caution.

Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agastache Upright Qi Powder) [from *Heji Jufang*]: Treats Cold Damage headache, aversion to cold with high fever, or dampness-induced cholera with vomiting/diarrhea. Regular use removes mountain miasma. For summerheat vomiting/diarrhea and leg cramps, add Xiangru (Agastache rugosa), Bian Dou (Lablab Bean), and Huanglian (Coptis), named Huoxu Tang (Agastache and Perilla Decoction).
Dafupi, Baizhi, Fuling (peeled), Zisu Jingye (Perilla Stem and Leaf), Huoxiang (each 3 liang), Houpo (coarse bark removed, ginger-prepared), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala), Chenpi (white part removed), Kugeng (Platycodon), Banxiaqu (Pinellia Fermented with Bran) (each 2 liang), Zhigancao (1 liang). Chop and decoct. Take 3 qian per dose with 3 slices of ginger and 1 jujube, take hot.

Wu Kun's Commentary: This formula was created in the Song Dynasty to treat internal dietary injury and external cold contraction, causing aversion to cold, stiffness, headache, vomiting, chest fullness, and conditions like food stagnation, cold injury, dampness, summerheat, cholera, mountain miasma, maladaptation to local environment, alternating chills/malaria. It is not a primary formula for standard Cold Damage. If the disease is in the Taiyang meridian with headache, fever, and bone/joint pain, this formula is irrelevant. Misuse first depletes healthy Qi, reverses Qi flow in meridians, and although sweating may occur, it does not resolve the condition, often leading to complex complications. Contraindicated in Cold Damage with sinking pulse, deficient Yuan Qi, and Yin-clasping Cold Damage with fever. Strictly avoid.

Dabai Zhu Tang (Great Atractylodes Decoction) [from *Baoming Ji*]: Harmonizes Cold Damage in four seasons, resolves all six meridians without violating taboos.
Baizhu, Shigao (Gypsum) (each 2 liang), Fangfeng, Qianghuo, Chuanxiong (each 1 liang), Gancao (5 qian or 1 liang), Huangqin, Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange, pulp removed, each 5 qian), Zhimu (Anemarrhena) (7 qian), Baizhi (1.5 liang), Xixin (3 qian). Grind into coarse powder. Take 0.5 liang per dose with 1.5 cups of water, decoct to 1 cup, take very warm. If unresolved, take another dose; boil the residue of two doses again for one more dose.
Seasonal adjustments: Spring double Fangfeng and Qianghuo; Summer double Huangqin and Zhimu; Late Summer with excessive rain double Baizhu and Baizhi; Autumn add Guizhi 5 qian; Winter add Guizhi 8 qian or 1 liang.
The above formulas are designed for those with sufficient Yuan Qi. Xiongsu/Xiangsu San suits external excess/internal deficit; Hejie San/Yangwei Tang suits external deficit/internal excess; Wuji San suits cold excess (also suitable for winter); Dabai Zhu Tang suits heat excess (also suitable for spring/summer); Baidu San suits dampness complication; Shensu Yin suits phlegm complication; Shishen Zhengqi aligns with Wu's advice. Generally, these are for complex exterior-interior syndromes resembling but not being standard Cold Damage. If pulse/symptoms match Mahuang/Guizhi, follow Zhang Zhongjing's methods. For those with inherent deficiency or chronic heat unsuitable for Mahuang/Guizhi, follow Jiegu and Haicang's methods of gradual reduction to avoid error. Human life is precious and irreversible; physicians must examine carefully.

Imperial Physician Dai (Yuanli) Method for Wind-Cold/Cold Damage: At onset, use Hejie San, Xiongzhi Xiangsu San, or Yangwei Tang + Cao/Gexuan 0.5 qian each, take hot with warm covering. If confirmed wind-cold with spontaneous sweating/aversion to wind, use Guizhi Tang hot with warm covering. For wheezing add Xingren 1 qian; for cough add Wuweizi 1 qian; for thirst add Renshen 0.5 qian. For unrelieved external heat, use Baidu San; for heat with sweating, use Baidu San + Guizhi 0.5 qian or Yangdan Tang. For vomiting, do not use Guizhi Tang; combine with base formula + Banxia 1 qian + ginger decoction. This is not combined syndrome vomiting but miscellaneous disease vomiting, so it is usable. Wind-cold requires sweating, but for deficient patients unsuitable for harsh sweating, use Guizhi Tang + Huangqi 0.5 qian. If confirmed Cold Damage with aversion to cold/no sweating, use Wuji San with thick blankets to induce sweating. For wheezing/cough, use Xingzi Tang + Mahuang 0.5 qian. If sweating is desired but fails, repeat dose. If fever persists after sweating, use Shensu San or Baidu San + Guizhi 0.5 qian. For vomiting, use Yangwei Tang (not for combined syndrome vomiting). If wind-cold both injure, or aversion to wind/cold without sweating is ambiguous, use half Wuji San + half Baidu San, named Jiaojia San (Intersecting Powder). For wheezing/cough, use Xiao Qinglong Tang.
If initial Taiyang symptoms present with only cold not yet turning to heat, becoming hot after 1-2 days, this is Cold Injury. Wind-Injury presents with heat immediately. For cold not yet hot, use Wuji San to sweat.
If exterior-releasing drugs were taken, aversion to wind/cold resolved, no interior agitation/thirst/red urine/normal stool, but body heat remains, use Xiangsu San, Baidu San, or Xiaochaihu Tang + Guizhi 0.5 qian.
If exterior symptoms resolved after releasing drugs, no interior symptoms, but body pain persists, suspect excessive sweating causing Ying-Wei disharmony; use Xiaojianzhong Tang with medium-concentration Guizhi.

Hejian Liu's Method:
Cold Damage Excess Exterior (no sweating, headache, stiff neck/back, fever, aversion to cold, shoulder/back stiffness, cold fingertips, floating-tight-rough pulse): Use Qingjie San + Tianshui San to sweat.
Wind-Injury Deficient Exterior (spontaneous sweating, stiff neck/head, limb pain, nasal roaring, dry retching, aversion to wind, warm hands/feet, floating-slow pulse): Use Tongjie San or Tianshui San to resolve.
If deficient or excess exterior but with dry mouth/thirst/irritability: Use Shuangjie San to sweat.
After sweating, if residual heat remains: Use Liange San to clear.
If disease deepens/shallows but exterior signs persist with sunken-numerous pulse: First use Tianshui Lianqiao Yin to clear. Wait for floating pulse and reduced interior heat, then use Shuangjie San to sweat.
After Cold Damage exterior resolution, if floating pulse, difficult urination, slight fever, dry mouth: Use Wuling San to separate fluids.
More exterior than interior heat: Yi Yuan San (1 part) + Liange San (0.5 part) to harmonize.
More interior than exterior heat: Liange San (1 part) + Yi Yuan San (0.5 part) to regulate.
Both exterior and interior heat, headache, dry mouth, continuous sweating: Baihu Tang to treat.
Half exterior/half interior, alternating chills/fever, bitter taste, dry tongue, deafness, dry retching, chest/hypochondriac fullness/pain: Xiaochaihu Tang to harmonize.
Diaphragm heat with persistent vomiting: Banxia Jupi Tang to treat.
Unquenchable thirst leading to damp-heat, diarrhea, red/scanty urine, abdominal fullness/pain, headache, dry mouth: Guiling Ganlu Yin as principal.
Damp-heat remaining internally causing frequent dysentery with lower abdominal pain: Huanglian Jiedu Tang to treat.
Deepening Cold Damage with extreme interior/exterior heat, epigastric urgency/restlessness, or fever/unresolved sweating, epigastric hardness, vomiting/diarrhea, or Yangming hyperhidrosis, or Taiyin abdominal fullness/pain, or Shaoyin clear-water diarrhea with epigastric pain/dry mouth, or no exterior/interior signs but fever for 7-8 days with floating-numerous pulse: Use Da Chaihu Tang to mildly purge to clear both exterior and interior heat; adding Xiao Chengqi Tang is even better.
Deepening Cold Damage with extreme interior heat, afternoon tidal fever, delirium, mania, abdominal fullness/pain: Da Chengqi Tang is indicated; San Yi Chengqi Tang is even better.

Dai's formulas tend to be hot; Liu's tend to be cold. Suitability depends on era, geography, constitution, and pathogen. Physicians must examine carefully. Liu's formulas were not listed previously; now included.

Tongsheng San (Universal Salvation Powder) [from *Qingji*]: Treats wind-heat stagnation, aversion to cold/fever, tendon spasms, limb wasting, dizziness, tinnitus, nasal congestion, bitter taste, dry tongue, throat obstruction, sticky sputum, cough with upward Qi, dry intestines/bowels, bloody stool/stasis, sores/swelling, persistent malaria, postpartum blood stasis abdominal pain, pediatric convulsion/accumulated heat, fall injuries, or Cold/Wind Damage.
Fangfeng, Mangxiao (Mirabilite), Lianqiao, Chuanxiong, Mahuang, Bohe, Baishaoyao, Danggui, Dahuang (each 5 qian), Huangqin, Jiegeng, Shigao (each 1 liang), Gancao (2 liang), Jingjie, Shanzhi (Gardenia), Baizhu (each 1 qian), Huashi (Talcum) (3 liang). Chop and decoct. Take 1-2 liang per dose with 1 cup water and 3 ginger slices, reduce to 70%, strain, take warm at any time. For dispersing wind-cold, add 3 scallion whites. For phlegm-cough, add a little Banxia per dose.

Liange San (Cooling Diaphragm Powder) [from *Qingji*]: Treats heart fire excess, diaphragm heat, red eyes, dizziness, mouth ulcers, cracked lips, epistaxis, hematemesis, cough with sputum, stranguria, urinary/fecal obstruction. Or Cold Damage half-exterior/half-interior, stomach heat causing macules, Yin depletion/Yang exhaustion (to nourish Yin/restrain Yang). Or residual heat after sweating/purging, pediatric pustule inversion.
Lianqiao (1 liang), Gancao, Shanzhi, Huangqin, Dahuang, Bohe (each 5 qian), Puxiao (Mirabilite) (2.5 qian). Chop and decoct. Take 1 liang per dose with 1 cup water and 30 bamboo leaves, reduce to 70%, strain, add a little raw honey, take warm after meals. Add Huanglian 5 qian, named Qingxin Tang (Clear Heart Decoction).

Tianshui San (Heaven-Water Powder) [from *Danji*]: Treats Cold Damage with both exterior/interior heat, irritability, dry mouth, urinary obstruction, and cholera vomiting/diarrhea/dysentery. Primarily treats kidney stones and facilitates labor/lactation in women, a miraculous divine medicine.
Guifu Huashi (Smooth Talcum, fine white, 6 liang), Fengancao (Licorice) (1.5 liang). Grind to ultra-fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose mixed with boiled water or fresh well water. Add a little Bohe powder, named Jisu San (Chicken-Su Powder); add a little Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) powder, named Biyu San (Jade-Blue Powder). Treatments are the same, merely avoiding vulgar disdain.

San Yi Chengqi Tang (Three-One Bowel-Purging Decoction): Combines indications for Da Chengqi Tang (abdominal fullness/pain), Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (delirium/diarrhea), and Xiao Chengqi Tang (internal heat/constipation), along with San Yi Chengqi indications. And