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Therefore, not only can the Taiyang disease with floating and tight pulse (Taiyang disease characterized by a floating and tight pulse) be treated with this formula, but even Taiyang disease with a floating and slow pulse that is not weak can also use it. Not only can those with body pain and heaviness use it, but even those without body pain, or with body heaviness that occasionally alleviates, can also use it. This is because the Yang Qi of the stomach epigastrium is internally constrained in the chest causing irritability, and externally disturbing the four limbs causing restlessness. If only Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) is used to induce sweating from the exterior, without adding Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) to clear heat from the interior, the irritability will not resolve, excessive Yang will lead to death. Various schools failed to examine the mechanism of irritability, causing the statements regarding Shaoyin disease to lack a foundation, erroneously believing that Da Qing Long Tang (Great Blue Dragon Decoction) was established for wind-cold simultaneously damaging Ying and Wei levels, unaware that it was established for simultaneous resolution of exterior and interior. I ask, for what purpose is Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) included? To treat wind? To treat cold? Is it a herb entering the Ying level? Or a herb entering the Wei level? It is solely because heat damages the middle Qi, and it is used to treat internal heat.

Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction):
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝), White Peony Root (Baishao, 白芍), Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜), Asarum (Xixin, 细辛), Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, 半夏), Schisandra Fruit (Wuweizi, 五味子).
Indications: When Taiyang exterior syndrome is unresolved, and there is fluid retention in the epigastrium, manifesting as dry retching, fever, and thirst, or diarrhea, dysphagia sensation, or insufficient urination with hypogastric fullness, or wheezing, this formula is used to induce sweating and promote diuresis. The sweat of Yang Qi can be likened to rain from heaven and earth. When fluid retention enters the Heart, it transforms into sweat; one bout of sweating resolves external pathogens immediately. This occurs because Heart Qi is deficient, sweating is incomplete, thus cold and heat persist, and fluid retention gathers in the epigastrium. The cough is a sign of fluid retention affecting the Lungs; dry retching indicates fluid retention has not yet entered the Stomach. The epigastrium is the residence of the Ministerial Fire of the Pericardium, where Water and Fire clash, making the pathology difficult to simulate. If fluid retention moves downward rather than upward, thirst or diarrhea may occur; if it moves upward rather than downward, dysphagia or wheezing may occur; if it remains in the intestines and stomach, insufficient urination and hypogastric fullness result. Only when fever, dry retching, and thirst are present is this the precise indication for this formula. This formula modifies Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) by removing Zizyphus Jujube (Dazao, 大枣) for its cloying nature, adding Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) to open the Xuankong (pores), Asarum (Xixin, 细辛) to expel fluid retention, Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, 半夏) to stop vomiting, and Schisandra Fruit (Wuweizi, 五味子) and Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干jiang) to stop cough. Using Dried Ginger instead of Fresh Ginger is because Fresh Ginger lacks the potency of Dried Ginger; the strong warmth of Dried Ginger is sufficient to expel water in the epigastrium, its bitter-pungent flavor can counteract the sourness of Schisandra Fruit, and since Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) and Asarum (Xixin, 细辛) already provide direct penetrating power for releasing the exterior, there is no need for the dispersing action of Fresh Ginger. If thirst is present, indicating deficiency of Heart fluids, Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, 半夏) is removed for its dryness-heat, and Trichosanthes Root (Gualougen, 栝楼根) is added to generate fluids. If there is mild diarrhea and dysphagia, insufficient urination, and wheezing, the pathogenesis leans inward; thus, Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) for releasing the exterior is removed, Aconite Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi, 附子) is added to relieve dysphagia, Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua, 芫花) and Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) to promote diuresis, and Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁) to calm wheezing. Both Da Qing Long Tang (Great Blue Dragon Decoction) and Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) are methods for simultaneous resolution of exterior and interior; Da Qing Long Tang (Great Blue Dragon Decoction) treats interior heat, while Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) treats interior cold. Thus, the herbs for releasing the exterior are the same, but those for treating the interior differ. Like Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder), both treat unresolved exterior syndrome with fluid retention in the epigastrium. In Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder), water accumulates and stagnates, so it strongly promotes diuresis and mildly induces sweating, which is the method of restraining water stagnation. This formula treats moving and unsettled water, listing pungent-warm herbs to disperse water, and sour-bitter herbs to soothe the Lungs, cultivating the source of transformation, and is most effective for treating skin edema. Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) modifies Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) and Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). Gegen Tang (Kudzu Decoction) reduces Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) and Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁) because there is no wheezing; it adds Kudzu Root (Gegen, 葛根) to harmonize Taiyang Jing fluids and raise Yangming fluids. Da Qing Long Tang (Great Blue Dragon Decoction) reduces Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) and White Peony Root (Baishao, 白芍) because there is no sweat; it adds Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) because of irritability. Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction) removes Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁) from Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), and Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜) and Zizyphus Jujube (Dazao, 大枣) from Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), while adding Asarum (Xixin, 细辛), Dried Ginger (Ganjiang, 干姜), Pinellia Tuber (Banxia, 半夏), and Schisandra Fruit (Wuweizi, 五味子), establishing modification rules. Profound and illuminating, its applications are inexhaustible.

This formula also treats Cold-Water in the Stomach causing chronic cough and Lung deficiency.

Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder):
Ingredients: Alisma Rhizome (Zexie, 泽泻), Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu, 白术), Poria (Fuling, 茯苓), Polyporus (Zhuling, 猪苓), Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝).
Indications: For Taiyang primary disease with a floating pulse, after inducing sweating, although the exterior syndrome is resolved, heat pathogen in the Bladder remains; this formula is used to promote diuresis and stop thirst, a method of "lower treatment yielding upper effect." Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) is hot; used in small amounts as a guide. Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder) can regulate water passages and support Earth Qi. With Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) to circulate Wei Yang, stagnant water dissipates, exterior and interior harmonize, fire-heat transforms naturally, fluids are preserved, and irritability-thirst heals without specific treatment.
It treats post-sweating Taiyang syndrome where exterior heat persists, pulse is floating and rapid, with irritability, thirst, desire to drink, or vomiting immediately after drinking, or excessive drinking with insufficient urination. In Wind-stroke or Cold damage, heat結 in the interior, damaging Qi level, inevitably causes irritability and thirst. There are two treatment methods: if exterior syndrome is resolved and pulse is洪大 (Hóngdà, surging-large), heat is in the half-exterior/half-interior of Yangming; use Bai Hu Jia Ren Shen Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng Decoction) to clear fire and benefit Qi. If exterior syndrome is unresolved and pulse remains floating-rapid, cold pathogen is in the half-exterior/half-interior of Taiyang; use Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder), drink warm water to promote diuresis and mildly induce sweating. Because exterior pathogen is unresolved, water qi in the epigastrium does not dissipate, cannot transform into urine, nor generate fluids, hence thirst. When given water, either Upper Jiao rejects it or Lower Jiao blocks it, hence named "Water Reversal" (Shui Ni, 水逆). Water is governed by the Kidney. Alisma Rhizome (Zexie, 泽泻) is salty entering Kidney, nourishing the root of Water; Polyporus (Zhuling, 猪苓) is black entering Kidney, facilitating water usage; Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Baizhu, 白术) is sweet entering Spleen, controlling water reflux; Poria (Fuling, 茯苓) is white entering Lung, clearing water sources, making water qi smooth. However, exterior-interior pathogens are unlikely to resolve instantly with diuresis. Thus, add small amount of Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝), drink much warm water, allowing water essence to distribute everywhere, nourishing Heart-Lung above, reaching skin-hair outside, inducing profuse sweating, removing exterior-interior irritability-heat. Taking with rice decoction implies the subtle meaning of sipping millet porridge; it is also a light compound formula. This formula does not treat Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst); commentators failing to understand Xiao Ke mechanism and Shui Ni (Water Reversal, 水逆) nature call it a Qi-transforming fluid-returning agent. How can the drying of Si Ling (Four-Ling) and heat of Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) restore fluids? One must know Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst) differs from Shui Ni (Water Reversal, 水逆); "Xiao" (digest/eliminate) implies drinking much leads to elimination without reversal. The Treatise states: Those who drink much have frequent urination and epigastric palpitations; this is water accumulation in Upper Jiao causing reversal. Those with little urination suffer abdominal urgency; this is water accumulation in Lower Jiao causing reversal. It also states: Those desiring water should be saved with Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder). Thus, Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder) originally treats water, not thirst; it disperses ingested water, not treating irritability-thirst or Wasting-Thirst. Moreover, this formula focuses on internal irritability and external heat; using Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) is to expel water to remove irritability, not "treating heat with heat"; it mildly induces sweating to release exterior, not assisting Si Ling to promote diuresis. Using Si Ling is to move accumulated water and residue, not to unblock water passages. Later generations misunderstanding this treat all cases as water passage obstruction. If heat floods the interior, there is no water qi in the epigastrium to drain, no sweat to induce; advancing drying-hot agents would cause further fluid loss, which could not be borne. The Treatise states: After purgation and subsequent sweating, if urination is insufficient, it is due to fluid loss; do not treat it. Also: If fluids are lost, Yin-Yang self-harmonizing leads to spontaneous recovery. Also: Excessive sweating dries the Stomach; do not use Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) to diurese again. Among diuretic formulas, only Zhu Ling Tang (Polyporus Decoction) is moistening, yet still contraindicated; thus, for those not desiring water but having insufficient urination, Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder) is strictly prohibited, needless to say.

Shi Zao Tang (Ten-Jujube Decoction):
Ingredients: Zizyphus Jujube (Dazao, 大枣), Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua, 芫花), Kansui Radix (Gansui, 甘遂), Great Euphorbia Root (Daji, 大戟).
Indications: Taiyang Wind-stroke, after exterior resolution, interior Qi disharmony manifests as diarrhea, retching/vomiting, epigastric-to-hypochondriac stuffiness-fullness-hardness-pain, headache, shortness of breath, sweating without aversion to cold. Zhang Zhongjing's diuretic agents vary greatly; this is the most峻猛 (jùnměng, severe/potent). Generally, water pathogen causes symptoms in one area: wheezing or cough, diarrhea or vomiting, or vomiting-diarrhea without sweat. Here, water evil overflows outward to skin-hair causing sweat, inward to throat causing retching/vomiting, downward to intestines-stomach causing diarrhea; the overflowing water evil is vast and uncontrollable. Headache, shortness of breath, and epigastric-abdominal-hypochondriac stuffiness-fullness-pain indicate water evil remaining condensed in the Middle Jiao, blocking Sanjiao ascending-descending Qi. Exterior pathogen is resolved, unsuitable for sweating-dispersing; interior pathogen fills the space, unsuitable for渗泄 (shènxì, seeping-draining) agents. Without selecting the most potent diuretics to directly restrain it, Middle Qi collapses, death follows immediately. Kansui Radix (Gansui, 甘遂), Genkwa Flos (Yuanhua, 芫花), Great Euphorbia Root (Daji, 大戟) are pungent-bitter, cold-natured, and extremely toxic. Used together, their Qi and Flavor combine, mutually assisting, draining waterways and causing drastic purgation, leveling water disaster in one stroke. However, where evil gathers, Qi is already deficient; toxic drugs attacking evil weaken Spleen-Stomach. Without Spleen-boosting/Stomach-regulating agents to govern, once evil is exhausted, Yuan Qi (Original Qi) is also exhausted. Thus, large, plump Zizyphus Jujube (Dazao, 大枣) is chosen as Sovereign herb to preemptively tonify Spleen Earth deficiency, restrain water excess, and moderate drug toxicity, preventing uncontrolled evil and unsupported Qi. This is Zhang Zhongjing's perfect legislation. Users拘泥 (jūnì, rigidly adhere) to "Sweet can moderate middle" theory, ignoring Five Elements mutual restraint principles. Zhang Zihe's formulas like Jun Chuan, Yu Gong, Shen etc., for edema-phlegm-fluid, fail to use tonic sovereigns to protect root, relying only on toxic drugs to attack evil, hence few survive.

Ma Huang Xing Gan Shi Gao Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Seed, Licorice, and Gypsum Decoction):
This is the main formula for inducing sweating to expel pathogen in Wen Bing (Warm Diseases). For those who did not store Essence in winter, heat pathogen lies dormant in Zang-Fu; when spring winds thaw, dormant evil emerges from within. Method: capitalize on momentum to induce sweating, momentum disperses with sweat. However, sweating formulas mostly use Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝). Although this case has head-neck stiffness, it lacks aversion to cold and presents thirst, indicating Heat without Cold. Swallowing Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) with excessive Yang leads to death. Thus, from Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), remove pungent-hot Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝), replace with sweet-cool Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) to resolve exterior-interior combined heat. This aligns with Qibo's saying: "Within three days, can be cured by sweating." This disease originates in cold season but manifests in wind season, hence also named Feng Wen (Wind-Warmth). Pulse is floating on both Cun and Chi; symptoms include spontaneous sweating and body heaviness. Yang floating strengthens exterior defense but closes Qi, causing body heaviness; use Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) to open exterior and expel pathogen. Yin floating fails to store Essence, causing sweat; use Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) to anchor Yin and clear fire. Exterior-interior combined heat stops Middle Qi transport, disrupting ascending-descending, causing somnolence, snoring, difficulty speaking; use Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁) and Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草) to regulate Qi. This formula possesses ascending-descending and heavy-light properties, sufficient to address this. Methods like purgation or moxibustion are crude techniques hastening disease. For Wind-Cold at exterior, with headache-fever-aversion-to-cold-no sweat, must use Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) to sweat; if irritability recurs post-sweat, use Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) to sweat again. If Warm Disease post-sweat has burning heat, internal heat is rampant; despite sweating and wheezing, do not use Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction). Warm-Summer heat should exit with sweat, not be stopped. Even obvious high heat requires this formula to open exterior, clear interior, descend fire, and calm wheezing. Treating internal stored fire differs from residual heat of external contraction. If purgation leads to insufficient urination, staring eyes, and incontinence, True Yin is extremely deficient and untreatable. If sweating and wheezing persist, heat still escapes outward; though less severe than pre-purgation high heat, still cool and disperse, do not follow Wind-Cold unresolved example. Post-purgation Qi rushing upward, use Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) again. This formula: early Warm Disease, use to release exterior and clear interior; usable post-sweat, post-purgation, same logic as Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) for unresolved Wind-Cold. Zhang Zhongjing, needing Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) for Wind-Cold post-sweat/purgation unresolved, specifically presented this cooling-resolution principle, analogous to Gui Zhi Hou Po Xing Zi Tang (Cinnamon Twig, Magnolia Bark, and Apricot Seed Decoction), clearly distinguishing Wind-Cold from Warm Disease. Viewing Warm Disease outline, the gist is clear; this is a variation of Da Qing Long Tang (Great Blue Dragon Decoction), a precursor to Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction). Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) is a heavy fire-clearing agent; both Qing Long (Blue Dragon) and Bai Hu (White Tiger) rely on it for success, but usage is cautious. Da Qing Long Tang (Great Blue Dragon Decoction) uses Ginger/Ginger for aversion-to-cold/tight pulse to support exterior Yang; Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) uses Ginseng/Rice for post-sweat irritability-thirst to protect Stomach Yang. This formula has Heat only, no Cold; adjuvant Ginger/Cinnamon causes rapid pulse, macules/jaundice, mania. This formula has Heat only, no Deficiency; adding Ginseng/Rice causes food entering Yin, Qi growing in Yang, delirium, abdominal distension. Post-external contraction sweating/purgation, sweating with wheezing is Excess, focusing on preserving Yin, not worrying about Yang collapse. However, this is an exterior-releasing formula; without wheezing/snoring/difficulty speaking, it becomes Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) indication. This formula treats Warm Disease exterior-interior Excess; Bai Hu Jia Ren Mi Tang (White Tiger Plus Ginseng and Rice Decoction) treats Warm Disease exterior-interior Deficiency; they assist each other. Ge Gen Huang Lian Huang Qin Tang (Kudzu, Coptis, and Scutellaria Decoction) treats diarrhea, not wheezing. Know that post-Warm Disease purgation, without persistent diarrhea, Kudzu/Coptis dryness is not for Warm Disease. Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) acts outwardly, differing from Kudzu Root (Gegen, 葛根)'s harmonizing exterior-release; Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) is sweet-moist, vastly different from Coptis Rhizome (Huanglian, 黄连)'s bitter-dry. Both cool-resolve exterior-interior, both sweat-with-wheezing, yet medication differs by miles.

Ma Huang Lian Qiao Chi Xiao Dou Tang (Ephedra, Forsythia, and Red Bean Decoction):
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao, 连翘), Red Bean (Chixiaodou, 赤小豆), Catalpa Bark (Zibai pi, 梓白皮), Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁), Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜), Zizyphus Jujube (Dazao, 大枣).
Indications: Taiyang Cold damage wrongly purged, heat enters, only head sweats, insufficient urination, body turns yellow. This formula uses Red Bean (Chixiaodou, 赤小豆) and Catalpa Bark (Zibai pi, 梓白皮) as Sovereign, headed by Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), showing this is a damaged state of Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), and this decoction is a variant. Cold damage without sweating via Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) but wrongly purged, heat cannot vent, stasis in interior, heat flares up, hence head sweat. Where no sweat, damp-heat steams, body yellows; water qi overflows skin, hence insufficient urination. Heart-Lung injured by stasis-heat, Ying-Wei disharmony. Since skin damp-heat doesn't disperse, must sweat; but interior stasis-heat unclear, unsuitable for Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝). Must choose sour-bitter flavored, cool-cold natured herbs harmonizing Ying-Wei, cooling while releasing exterior; this is why this formula was made. Red bean is red, Heart grain; sour collects Heart Qi, sweet drains Heart Fire, enters Blood level, unblocks collaterals, moves fluids, benefits Bladder. Catalpa bark is white, Lung herb; cold clears Lung heat, bitter drains Lung Qi, enters Qi level, clears skin, regulates chest, disperses irritability-heat, hence Sovereign. Adjuvant Forsythia Fruit (Lianqiao, 连翘), Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁) to drain Heart; Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang, 生姜) to open exterior; Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草), Zizyphus Jujube (Dazao, 大枣) to harmonize Stomach. Rainwater is thin-flavored, flowing non-stop, thus descends fire and removes dampness, taken to boil medicine. Finish in half day, urgent formula, no need for slowness. Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄) alone with half Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝) mildly induces sweat; adding Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏), Ginger, Jujube clears fire/removes irritability while releasing exterior; removing pungent-hot Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝), adding pungent-cool Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏) calms wheezing while clearing fire; using Clam Shell (Wenge, 文蛤) as Sovereign removes interior-exterior damp-heat while releasing exterior; adding bitter-cold Forsythia etc. clears fire/treats jaundice while releasing exterior. Zhang Zhongjing modifies according to syndrome in Taiyang, exhausting Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄)'s skills, not restricted to winter cold. Adding Aconite Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi, 附子), Asarum (Xixin, 细辛) great pungent-hot, or Aconite Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi, 附子), Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草) pungent-sweet, depends on Shaoyin exterior-interior severity, not restricted to winter cold.

Wen Ge Tang (Clam Shell Decoction):
Ingredients: Clam Shell (Wenge, 文蛤), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏), Apricot Seed (Xingren, 杏仁), Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草), Ginger, Jujube.
Disease originating in Yang should be resolved by sweating. Quack doctors used water-attacking method; heat captured by water cannot disperse. Exterior: gooseflesh, dampness condensing in pores; Interior: irritability-heat, desire to drink, Yang evil constrained inside. Thirst but no desire to drink, water qi from skin-lungs enters Lung. Skin-lung water qi not suitable for Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder); Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Dragon Decoction)'s warm-dispersing unsuitable for internal irritability; hence Wen Ge Tang (Clam Shell Decoction) created. Clam Shell born in sea fears no water, capable of controlling water known. Salty tonifies Heart, cold conquers heat; shell benefits skin water, meat stops chest irritability, hence Sovereign. However, Yang constrained by Yin, needs sweating to resolve; damp in skin, shouldn't disturb collaterals; heat flooding interior, shouldn't use great warm to induce sweat. Thus, from Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), remove Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi, 桂枝), add Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏), Ginger, Jujube. This is also a variation of Da Qing Long Tang (Great Blue Dragon Decoction). If not healed, give Wu Ling San (Five-Ling Powder) to remove remaining pathogen; if abdominal pain after sweating, give Shaoyao Tang (Peony Decoction) to harmonize Liver-Spleen Qi.
Note: The Treatise uses single Clam Shell powder, mixed with boiling water, dose five he. Such light agents likely cannot scatter heavy damp-heat evil. *Jin Gui Yao Lue* says: "Desire to drink water incessantly, Wen Ge Tang governs." Examining syndrome and formula, this decoction vs that powder, so moved this formula to supplement here.

Gui Zhi Er Ma Huang Yi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Twice, Ephedra Once Decoction):
Composition: Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) (2 parts), Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) (1 part).
After taking Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), aversion-to-cold and fever like malaria; originally should use Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) to sweat, but used Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) resulting in incomplete sweating. Generally, Taiyang excessive sweating transfers to Yangming, insufficient to Shaoyang. Though alternating chills/fever, head-neck stiffness persists, Taiyang exterior remains, thus still Taiyang. Malaria due to Summerheat lingering long, attaching to Mu Yuan (Master Source), attacks at fixed times, not daily. This case due to Wind pathogen lodging in Ying-Wei, movement irregular, attacks twice daily or thrice. Pathogen lingering in skin-muscle, unsuitable for Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction); already sweated, unsuitable for harsh Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction). Thus take 2/3 Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), 1/3 Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction), mix and take, release muscle, slightly open exterior. Examining sweating within non-sweating, this is method of using Ma Huang after Gui Zhi. Later generations combining into one formula goes against Zhang Zhongjing's subtle principle of comparing formula weights and accidental efficacy.

Gui Zhi Ma Huang He Ban Tang (Half-Combined Cinnamon Twig and Ephedra Decoction):
Composition: Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) (3 he), Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) (3 he).
Taiyang disease, 8-9 days, like malaria, fever-aversion-to-cold, more heat less cold, red face, Yang Qi constrained at exterior unable to vent. Previous failure to sweat caused body itching; method requires mild sweating. Thus take 1/3 each of Ma-Hui two formulas, combine half dose, sweat urgently. 8-9 days later, Righteous Qi deficient, exterior pathogen unresolved, must sweat but not excessively; excessive transfers to Yangming, none to Shaoyang. Desire to heal only from Taiyang, not passing meridians, hence this method. Differs greatly from previous case; previous case improper sweating, though incomplete, already had sweat, thus 2 parts Gui Zhi, 1 part Ma Huang, combine 2 sheng, divide two doses, sweat slowly. This case untreated, disease long-standing, thus 3 he each, combine 6 he, take at once, sweat urgently. Two formulas combined, distinct boundaries, showing Zhang Zhongjing's use of couplet light agents contains differences in speed, size, and adjuvancy. Original method: boil two formulas separately, mix and take, like land-sea armies, each disciplined, two armies supporting each other, attacking from different paths. Later generations calculating weights into one formula, how different from Gegen, Qing Long?

Gui Zhi Er Yue Bi Yi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Twice, Yuebi Once Decoction):
Composition: Jin Kui Yue Bi Tang, Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao, 石膏), Licorice Root (Gancao, 甘草), Ginger, Jujube.