陈文宿先生云∶水痘之症，身热二三日而止，或咳嗽面赤，眼光如水，或喷嚏咳唾稠粘。与痘不同，易出易靥，不
能为害。汤民望先生云∶麻痘乃天行时气，热积于胃，胃主肌肉，故发于遍身，状如蚊子所啮。色赤者十生一死，色黑
者十死一生。此症亦与 症不同。其 症如锦纹，而但空缺处如云路之状。麻症乃遍身而无空处，但以疏密之不同耳。
麻痘初出，咳嗽烦闷，呕逆清水，眼赤咽喉口舌生疮，用黄连杏仁汤。若催出而成 ，烂如锦纹，或脓水腥臭，心胸咳
闷，呕吐清水，不时身热，用黄芩知母汤。初起发热，疑似之间，可服升麻汤。然麻症始终宜用麻黄汤表之，痘症表与
下皆不可。大抵发热烦渴，用升麻葛根汤。发热咳嗽，人参麦门冬汤。发热烦躁，小便不通，大连翘饮。冬寒腠理闭
塞，葛根橘皮汤。
一小儿患之，发热作渴，遍身作痛，大小便干涩。此热毒郁滞于内，用葛根麦门冬汤一剂顿安，又用解毒汤而愈。
一小儿患此，身痛发热烦躁，此风邪搏于表也，用玄参升麻汤，诸症顿解。但倦怠发搐，此脾虚为肝所侮也，用和
肝补脾汤而安。
一小儿患此，腹痛烦渴，面赤咳嗽痰涎。用升麻汤一剂，遍身如锦，用化 汤一剂而安，又用人参麦门冬散而愈。
一小儿疹隐于肉里而不现，烦渴躁热，衄血吐血或便血，用解毒汤、犀角汤，各一剂而血止，又用导赤散而愈。
一小儿患此，寒热干呕，先用小柴胡汤加生地黄而寒热止，用解毒汤而发，用生料四物汤而痊愈。
一小儿患此，五日不消，发热烦躁，右关脉洪数而有力，此胃经实热，先用化 汤一剂，又用参滑散而愈。
三豆饮 治天行痘疮，始觉即服之，多者必少，少者不出。
小赤豆 黑豆 绿豆（各一百粒） 甘草节（五钱）
上水煮熟任食之，七日自不发。
参滑散 治水痘。
地骨皮 麻黄（去节，一分） 人参 滑石 大黄（煨，一分） 知母 羌活 甜葶苈（炒，一分） 甘草（炙，
半分）
上为末，每服半钱，水一小盏，小麦七粒，煎数沸，每服三五匙，不可多服。
按∶前方发表散邪，疏通内热之峻剂。若遍身作痛，壮热烦躁，作渴饮冷，大便秘结，小便涩滞，喘嗽等症，宜用
此方。然水痘多属表邪，或发热引饮，小便赤涩者，当用升麻葛根汤。知无他症，不必用药。
和肝补脾汤 治风热疮疹，脾土不及，肝木太过。
人参 陈皮 川芎（各五分） 白术 茯苓 芍药（各七分） 柴胡 甘草（炙。各三分） 山栀（炒，四分）
上作二剂，水煎服。
白虎苍术汤
石膏（四钱） 苍术（一钱五分） 知母（一钱） 甘草（五分） 粳米（一撮）
上水煎服。
黄连杏仁汤 治麻痘渐出，咳嗽烦闷，呕逆清水，眼赤咽喉口舌生疮，作泻。
黄连（一两） 陈皮 麻黄（去节） 杏仁（去皮尖，麸炒） 枳壳（炒） 葛根（各五钱）
上每服二钱，作泻者加浓朴、甘草。
黄芩知母汤 治麻症 烂，隐疹如锦纹，或脓腥臭，心胸闭闷，呕吐清水，温壮不时。
葛根 知母（洗） 黄芩 麻黄（去节） 陈皮 杏仁（去皮尖） 甘草（各等分）
上每服二钱，若不呕逆，去陈皮加芍药，如吐则用之。
升麻葛根汤 治疮疹初起，发热咳嗽，似伤寒未辨麻疹。
白芍药 川升麻 甘草 干葛（各等分）
上水煎，每服三钱。
化 汤 治 疹渴热最良。
人参 知母（各一钱） 甘草（五分） 石膏末（四钱）
上加粳米一撮，水煎量服之。
葛根橘皮汤 治发 烦闷，呕吐清汁，兼治麻痘等症。
葛根 陈皮 杏仁（去皮尖） 麻黄（去节） 知母（炒） 甘草 黄芩（各半两）
上每服二三钱，水煎。
玄参升麻汤 治 疹已发未发，或身如锦纹，甚则语言烦躁，喉闭肿痛。
玄参 升麻 甘草（炙。各等分）
上每服二三钱，水煎服。
乌梅丸
乌梅（三十个，酒浸肉研烂） 细辛 干姜 附子（泡。各一两） 蜀椒（四两） 黄连（一两） 当归（四两）
上为末，乌梅肉与米饭和丸，桐子大。每服数丸，白汤下。
羌活散（即人参败毒散加天麻、地骨皮）
葛根麦门冬汤（方见顶陷心狂）
升麻葛根汤（方见痘寒战）
解毒汤
小柴胡汤（二方见 症）
人参麦门冬汤（一名麦门冬散，方见发热口渴）
犀角汤（方见顶陷心狂）
大连翘饮（方见夹疹痘）
四物汤（方见 痘出迟）
导赤散（方见疳蚀之症）
Mr. Chen Wensu said: The symptoms of chickenpox (Shuidou) involve fever for two to three days which then subsides, or coughing with a red face, eyes tearing like water, sneezing, coughing up thick sticky phlegm. This differs from smallpox (Dou); it is easy to erupt and heal, causing no harm. Mr. Tang Minwang said: Measles and smallpox are seasonal epidemics where heat accumulates in the Stomach. Since the Stomach governs the muscles, the rash appears all over the body, resembling mosquito bites. Cases with red color have one death in ten; cases with black color have nine deaths in ten. This condition also differs from macules/rashes (Zhen). Macules resemble brocade patterns but leave empty spaces like cloud paths, whereas measles cover the whole body without gaps, differing only in density.
When measles or smallpox first appear, if accompanied by cough, irritability, vomiting clear fluid, red eyes, and sores in the throat, mouth, and tongue, use Huanglian Xingren Tang (Coptis and Apricot Seed Decoction). If eruptions become ulcerated like brocade patterns, or discharge foul-smelling pus, with chest/heart oppression, cough, vomiting clear fluid, and intermittent fever, use Huangqin Zhimu Tang (Scutellaria and Anemarrhena Decoction). In the early stage of fever, when differentiation is uncertain, Shengma Tang (Cimicifuga Decoction) may be taken. Generally, for measles, Ma Huang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) should be used throughout to release the exterior; however, for smallpox, neither releasing the exterior nor purging the interior is appropriate. For general fever with irritability and thirst, use Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifuga and Kudzu Root Decoction). For fever with cough, use Renshen Maidong Tang (Ginseng and Ophiopogon Decoction). For fever with irritability and urinary obstruction, use Da Lianqiao Yin (Large Forsythia Drink). In winter cold with closed pores, use Gegen Jupi Tang (Kudzu Root and Tangerine Peel Decoction).
A child suffered from this disease with fever, thirst, generalized body pain, and dry, difficult urination and defecation. This indicated internal stagnation of heat-toxin. One dose of Gegen Maidong Tang brought immediate relief, followed by Jiedu Tang (Detoxification Decoction) for recovery.
Another child presented with body pain, fever, and irritability, indicating wind-pathogen struggling at the exterior. Xuanshen Shengma Tang (Scrophularia and Cimicifuga Decoction) resolved all symptoms. However, fatigue and convulsions ensued, indicating Spleen deficiency being overwhelmed by Liver Wood. He Gan Bu Pi Tang (Harmonize Liver and Tonify Spleen Decoction) restored stability.
Another child had abdominal pain, irritability, thirst, red face, cough, and phlegm. One dose of Shengma Tang caused the rash to appear all over like brocade. One dose of Huaban Tang (Macule-Transforming Decoction) stabilized the condition, and Renshen Maidong San (Ginseng and Ophiopogon Powder) completed the cure.
In another case, the rash remained hidden within the flesh, accompanied by irritability, thirst, restlessness, epistaxis, hematemesis, or hematochezia. Jiedu Tang and Xijiao Tang (Rhinoceros Horn Decoction), each given for one dose, stopped the bleeding, followed by Dao Chi San (Direct Outward Redness Powder) for recovery.
Another child presented with alternating chills and fever, and dry retching. Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with Sheng Dihuang (Fresh Rehmannia Root) stopped the chills and fever. Jiedu Tang promoted eruption, and Shengliao Siwu Tang (Raw Four Substances Decoction) ensured full recovery.
A child presented with unresolved symptoms after five days, fever, irritability, and a surging, rapid, and forceful pulse at the right Guan position, indicating excess heat in the Stomach channel. Huaban Tang was administered first, followed by Shen Hua San (Ginseng and Talc Powder) for recovery.
Sandou Yin (Three Beans Drink): Treats seasonal smallpox. Take it as soon as symptoms are felt; severe cases will lessen, mild cases will erupt.
Red beans, Black beans, Green beans (100 grains each), Licorice nodes (5 qian).
Boil in water and consume freely. It will not develop after seven days.
Shen Hua San: Treats chickenpox.
Dugongpi (Cortex Lycii), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, nodes removed, 1 fen), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Huashi (Talcum), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, baked, 1 fen), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Tinglizi (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae, fried, 1 fen), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 0.5 fen).
Grind into powder. Take 0.5 qian per dose with 1 xiao zhan (small cup) of water and 7 grains of wheat. Boil briefly. Take 3-5 spoons per dose. Do not overdose.
Note: The above formula is a potent agent for releasing the exterior, dispersing pathogens, and clearing internal heat. It is suitable for generalized body pain, high fever, irritability, thirst with desire for cold drinks, constipation, dysuria, and wheezing/cough. However, chickenpox usually involves exterior pathogens; if accompanied by fever, thirst, and dark/scanty urine, Shengma Gegen Tang is appropriate. If there are no other symptoms, medication is unnecessary.
He Gan Bu Pi Tang: Treats wind-heat skin eruptions due to insufficient Spleen Earth and excessive Liver Wood.
Renshen, Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (each 5 fen), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fuling (Poria), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (each 7 fen), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) (each 3 fen), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus, fried) (4 fen).
Divide into two doses, decoct in water, and take orally.
Baihu Cangzhu Tang
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 4 qian), Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma, 1.5 qian), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, 1 qian), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, 5 fen), Jingmi (Oryza Sativa, a pinch).
Decoct in water and take orally.
Huanglian Xingren Tang: Treats emerging measles/smallpox with cough, irritability, vomiting clear fluid, red eyes, throat/mouth/tongue sores, and diarrhea.
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 1 liang), Chenpi, Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, nodes removed), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peeled and split, bran-fried), Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus, fried), Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (each 5 qian).
Take 2 qian per dose. Add Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) and Gancao if diarrhea is present.
Huangqin Zhimu Tang: Treats ulcerated measles, hidden rashes like brocade patterns, or foul-smelling pus, chest oppression, vomiting clear fluid, and intermittent febrile sensations.
Gegen, Zhimu (washed), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, nodes removed), Chenpi, Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peeled and split), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma) (equal parts).
Take 2 qian per dose. If no vomiting, remove Chenpi and add Shaoyao. If vomiting occurs, use the original formula.
Shengma Gegen Tang: Treats early-stage skin eruptions with fever and cough, resembling Taiyang syndrome before differentiating measles.
Baishaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Chuan Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma), Gange (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (equal parts).
Decoct in water. Take 3 qian per dose.
Huaban Tang: Best for treating macules/rashes with thirst and fever.
Renshen, Zhimu (each 1 qian), Gancao (0.5 fen), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, powdered, 4 qian).
Add a pinch of Jingmi, decoct in water, and take an appropriate amount.
Gegen Jupi Tang: Treats eruption with irritability and vomiting clear fluid; also treats measles and smallpox.
Gegen, Chenpi, Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, peeled and split), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, nodes removed), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, fried), Gancao, Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 0.5 liang).
Take 2-3 qian per dose, decoct in water.
Xuanshen Shengma Tang: Treats macules/rashes whether erupted or not, body resembling brocade patterns, severe cases with delirious speech, irritability, throat closure, and swelling/pain.
Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried) (equal parts).
Take 2-3 qian per dose, decoct in water and take orally.
Wumei Wan
Wumei (Mume Fructus, 30 pieces, soaked in wine, flesh mashed), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, soaked, each 1 liang), Shujiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, 4 liang), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 1 liang), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 4 liang).
Grind into powder. Mix Wumei flesh with rice flour to make pills the size of tung tree seeds. Take several pills per dose, washed down with warm water.
Qianghuo San (i.e., Ren Shen Bai Du San plus Tianma and Dugongpi)
Gegen Maidong Tang (See formula for "Top Collapse and Heart Mania")
Shengma Gegen Tang (See formula for "Smallpox Chills and Tremors")
Jiedu Tang (See formulas for "Macule/Rash Syndrome")
Xiaochaihu Tang (See formulas for "Macule/Rash Syndrome")
Renshen Maidong Tang (Also known as Maidong San, See formula for "Fever and Thirst")
Xijiao Tang (See formula for "Top Collapse and Heart Mania")
Da Lianqiao Yin (See formula for "Complicated Rash and Smallpox")
Siwu Tang (See formula for "Delayed Eruption of Smallpox")
Dao Chi San (See formula for "Gan Erosion Symptoms")