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Fushu (latent summerheat) presenting with fever only and no chills, occurring once a day, accompanied by dry mouth, red tongue body, profuse sweating, and rapid pulse, is named Dan Nue (malaria characterized by high fever). It is appropriate to use Yunu Jie (Jade Woman Decoction) supplemented with Shashen (Glehniae Radix), Zhuye (Bambusae Folium), etc., employing sweet-cool methods to nourish Yin.

This corresponds to what the *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine) refers to as "Yin Qi first damaged, Yang Qi acting alone," manifesting as fever without chills, which is named Dan Nue. Yu Jiayan advocated the method of sweet-cool nourishment of Yin, reaching a profound level within Zhang Zhongjing's academic tradition.

Fushu presenting with slight chills but predominant heat, headache, body ache, mental vexation and oppression with desire to vomit, is named Wen Nue (warm malaria). It is appropriate to use Guizhi Baihu Tang (Cinnamon Twig and White Tiger Decoction) supplemented with Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), Houpo (Magnolia Bark), etc., to clear Lung heat and expel pathogens through the exterior.

This corresponds to what the *Neijing* refers to as "less chills and more heat, mental vexation and oppression with desire to vomit, pain in bone joints," which is named Wen Nue. It is appropriate to use Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) and Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) to clear Lung and Stomach heat, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Jingmi (Oryza Sativa Grain) to nourish Stomach fluids, and add Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) to guide Lung pathogens outward to the skin and hair. The note below the original formula states: "One dose brings improvement, two doses bring cure." From this, it can be inferred that Zhang Zhongjing originally had the method of using Baihu Jia Guizhi Tang (White Tiger Decoction plus Cinnamon Twig) to treat Wen Nue. Later, Zhang Jingyue added Gegen (Puerariae Radix) to name Gegen Baihu Tang, or added Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) to name Chaihu Baihu Tang, to clear malaria pathogens from the Yangming and Shaoyang meridians, also deeply grasping Zhang Zhongjing's essential principles.

Fushu presenting with chills only and no fever, occurring once a day, accompanied by cold sweat, white tongue coating, weak pulse, and dark red urine, is named Pin Nue (yin malaria characterized by chills). It is appropriate to combine Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with Chaihu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) to support Yang and stop malaria.

Whenever malaria presents with chills only and no fever, cold sweat, and white tongue coating, the signs of Yang deficiency are evident, hence it is named Pin Nue. "Pin" refers to the Yin aspect. Using Guizhi Tang to protect Yang and Chaihu Tang to stop malaria also aligns with the subtle meanings of Zhang Zhongjing.

Fushu presenting with chills preceding fever, relief after sweating, recurrence of chills after a time interval, white tongue coating, and wiry pulse, is named Yin Nue (yin malaria). It is appropriate to use Xiao Chaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) supplemented with Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Wumei (Mume Fructus), Xingren (Prunus Armeniaca Seed), Shuqi (Periplocae Radix), etc., to simultaneously clear the Taiyin and Shaoyang meridians.

Whenever malaria begins with shivering followed by fever, it is due to the struggle between Yin and Yang; when Yin prevails, there are chills, and when Yang struggles against Yin, Yang prevails resulting in fever. Now, since chills recur after a delay, the Yin pathogen has not been expelled, and Yang Qi is not harmonized. Furthermore, the white tongue coating and wiry pulse indicate an excess of Yin, thus it is also named Yin Nue. It is appropriate to use Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) and Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) to drain Shaoyang, combined with Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Caoguo (Tsaoko Fructus), Wumei (Mume Fructus), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), and Shuqi (Periplocae Radix) to warm Taiyin, thereby allowing the pathogens of both Shaoyang and Taiyin to be cleared simultaneously, so that malaria will cease naturally.