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*Yiju Baibian* records: Liu Yong of Haizhou had a son who, at the age of five, developed smallpox covering his entire body. The pustules were as large as bowls. Thirty or forty physicians did not recognize the condition. An old woman over seventy years old, upon seeing it, said, "This is Bao Dou (a specific type of smallpox presentation). I have seen only two such cases in my life, and I am certain there will be no other danger." After six or seven days, all the pustules ruptured. Inside, they resembled pomegranate seeds, with layers filled completely with pus. This was truly an unprecedented sight. Books on smallpox are piled high like beams, yet no one has mentioned this case, demonstrating that medical principles are profound; even within the specialized field of smallpox and rashes, diagnosis is difficult to fully comprehend. My commentary: This case can supplement the omissions found in various books on smallpox.

Zhao Gongfu from Fuping was skilled in treating smallpox. When the rash first began to emerge, he could predict the outcome at a glance. He claimed that throughout his life, having treated countless smallpox cases, he had used every kind of medicine but never used Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fu Zi, Prepared Root of Aconitum carmichaelii). However, examining the records, Zeng Shirong treated Hou Zimu's son with severe smallpox using Fu Zi in summer; Fei Yangheng also used Fu Zi when treating Vice-Commissioner Feng's grandson's smallpox. Both cases were included in *Xu Mingyi Leian* (Continued Cases of Famous Physicians). Therefore, treating smallpox does involve indications for using Fu Zi; it is simply that such cases are rare.

Cui Mo'an discussed smallpox symptoms, stating: "Currently, people treat smallpox mostly with Shengma Gegen Decoction (Shengma Gegen Tang), causing the toxic qi to rise entirely to the head and face, which often leads to difficult-to-treat conditions later. They warn against using Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma) and instead recommend using Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen) along with dispersing agents, adding a small amount of Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), so that the toxicity dissipates into the four limbs. Even dangerous and adverse cases can then be managed." This is cited from Liu Jizhuang's *Guang... [text cuts off]*.

To treat pediatric Gan syndrome (Ji Sheng Wan), use Ji Sheng Wan: Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Bufo (Bufonis Venenum), Chuan Lian Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) each 3 qian; Dang Gui Shen (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuan Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Wu Ling Zhi (Trogopterori Faeces), Peng E Zhu (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma), Ye Ming Sha (Phoenicopteris Cornea), Shi Jun Zi (Quisqualis Fructus), Rou Lu Hui (Aloe), Sha Ren (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Mu Xiang (Aucklandiae Radix) each 2 qian; one male pig gallbladder. Grind the herbs into fine powder and mix with the pig bile to form pills the size of a longan seed. Take one pill per dose. This formula is neither cold nor hot, both tonifying and resolving, and is considered very safe and effective. Three single prescriptions recorded in *Mingyi Leian* are also excellent. The first uses 1 liang of Hawthorn Fruit (Shan Zha) and 1 liang of White Wine Qu (Bai Jiu Qu), placed inside the most calcium-rich chamber pot (Ren Zhong Bai) available from a multi-year old clay night soil vessel. These are calcined over charcoal until the original nature remains, ground into fine powder, taken 6 fen per dose with boiling water. The second uses seven eggs, carefully peeled without damaging the inner membrane, soaked in 1 liang of Picrorhizae Rhizoma (Hu Huang Lian) and 1 liang of Coptidis Rhizoma (Chuan Huang Lian) in children's urine for five days in spring/autumn, three days in summer, and seven days in winter, until thoroughly soaked, then boiled and consumed. The third uses more than ten large toads, killed and placed in a narrow-mouthed jar. Collect the maggots produced, regardless of quantity, and raise them in fecal liquid for three days in midsummer, or four to five days in late spring/autumn, until the toads are consumed. Tie the mouth of the jar with a coarse hemp bag, invert it in running water to allow the maggots to expel impurities and clean themselves. Roast the cleaned maggots on newly fired red tiles until dry and consume. Dosage is 1-2 qian per time. (Alternatively, make cakes or pills using roasted barley flour and a little honey for the child to eat.) These methods utilize substances derived from human physiological processes combined with digestive-resolving herbs, which can be called miraculous.

Pediatric Wugu Gan (Innocent Gan Syndrome) presents with nodules behind the ears and on the neck side, resembling marbles, which move when pressed, are soft and painless. The child suffers from high fever, emaciation, and prominent skull bones. Some claim this is caused by a demon bird (also known as Night Flying Woman) flying at night; its wings carry poison that falls onto clothes drying outdoors, and if a child wears them, illness ensues. Others dismiss this as absurd, arguing that "Wugu" refers to a bird species whose throat flutters during crying, resembling the neck of patients with Scrofula (Luo Li). Since children with liver heat may have dim vision and swollen cervical lymph nodes resembling this bird's appearance, the name was derived accordingly. Such cases should be treated with modified Xiaoyao Powder (Xiaoyao San). Others attribute it to lack of breast milk, or to irregular diet, overexertion, wind-strike, summerheat accumulation, and the Eight Exogenous Pathogens (Ba Xie), recommending Budai Wan (Cloth Bag Pill) for treatment. I believe that regarding the demon bird theory, whether true or not, whenever nodules are observed on the neck side, puncturing and topical medication should be applied immediately. If the condition progresses to large, suppurating ulcers, it becomes incurable. Regarding medication, it still essentially follows the standard methods for treating Gan syndrome.