凉膈散∶
治伤〔寒〕表不（能）解，〔半入于〕里，下证未全，下后燥热怫〔结〕于内，
心烦懊 不得眠，脏腑积热，烦渴头昏，唇干咽燥，喉痹目赤，颊硬，口舌生疮，
咳唾稠粘，谵语狂妄，肠胃燥涩，〔便〕溺闭结，风热壅滞，疮癣发〔斑〕，惊
风热极，豆黑陷欲死者。
连翘（一两） 山栀 大黄 薄荷 黄芩（以上各半两） 甘草（一两半） 朴硝（一钱）
加减法∶咽喉〔痛〕涎嗽，〔加〕荆芥半两，桔梗一两。咳而呕者，加半夏半两，
每〔服〕生姜三片同煎。血衄呕血，〔加〕当归〔芍药各半两，生地黄一两。淋者加滑
石四两，茯苓一两〕。风眩目痛，加川芎半两，石膏三两，防风半两。〔斑〕
疹加葛根一两，荆芥半两，赤芍、川芎、防风、桔梗各半两。
上为末，每服二钱至五钱，水一盏，蜜少许，同煎至七分，去渣温服。虚实加减如
前。或小儿可服七分八分，或无热，甚黑陷，腹胀喘急，小便赤涩而将死者，此一
服，更加大承气汤约下之，得〔和〕者即瘥。
黄连解毒汤∶
治伤寒〔杂〕病燥热毒，烦闷干呕，〔口〕燥，呻吟喘满，阳厥极深，蓄热内
〔甚〕，俗妄传〔为〕阴毒者。及〔汗吐下〕后，〔寒凉诸药，不能退热势〕，
并两感证同〔法〕。
黄连 黄柏 黄芩 大栀子（各半两）
上〔锉〕如麻豆大，每服半两，水一盏，煎至四分，去渣温服。或腹满呕吐，或欲
作利者，每服加半夏三个，浓朴二钱，茯苓四钱去皮，水一盏半，姜三片，煎
半盏，去滓温服，名曰黄连半夏解毒汤。
三一承气〔汤〕∶
治伤寒杂证，内外所伤，日数远近，腹满咽干，烦渴谵妄，心下按之硬痛，小便赤
涩，大便结滞，或湿热内〔甚而〕为滑泄，热甚喘咳闷乱，惊悸狂颠，目病口疮，
舌肿喉痹痈疡，阳明胃热发〔斑〕，脉沉而可下者。小儿热极风惊，潮搐昏塞，并
〔斑〕疹黑陷不〔起〕，小便不通，腹满欲死。或〔斑〕疹后，热不退，久不作痂，
或作〔斑〕痈疮癣，久不已者，怫热内盛， 癖坚积，黄瘦疟疾，久新暴卒心痛，风
痰酒〔隔〕，肠垢积滞，久〔壅〕风热，暴伤酒食，烦心闷乱，脉数沉实。或肾水阴
虚，阳热暴甚，而僵仆卒中，一切暴喑不语，蓄热内伤，阳厥极深，脉反沉细欲绝。
或表〔之〕冲和正气，与邪气并〔之〕于里，则里热亢极〔似〕阴，反为寒
战，脉微而绝。或风〔热〕燥甚，客于下焦，而大小便涩滞不通者。或产〔妇〕
死胎不下，或两感表里热甚，须可下〔者〕。
大黄 芒硝 枳壳 浓朴（各半两） 甘草（一两）
上锉如麻豆大，水一盏半，姜三片，煎至六分，下硝一二沸，去渣热服，以利为
度。热甚者，作一服，得利为效，临时消息。
八正散∶
治大人小儿心经邪热，一切蕴毒，咽干口燥，大渴引饮，心忪面热，〔烦躁〕不
宁，目赤睛痛，唇焦鼻衄，口舌生疮，咽喉肿痛；又治小便赤涩，或癃闭不通，及热淋
血淋，并宜服之。
大黄（面裹煨干用） 瞿麦 木通 〔蓄〕 车前子 山栀 甘草（炙） 滑石（以上各一两）
上为散，每服二钱，水一盏，〔入〕灯心（些子），煎至七分，去滓温服，食后临卧。
小儿量力与之。
洗心散∶
治风壅壮热，头目昏痛，肩背〔拘〕急，肢节烦疼，热气上冲，口苦唇焦，咽喉
肿痛，痰涎壅滞，涕唾稠粘，心神烦躁，眼涩睛疼，及寒〔热〕不调，鼻塞声重，咽
干多渴，五心烦热，小便赤涩，大便闭硬宜服。
大黄（面裹煨净用） 甘草（炙） 当归（去苗洗） 芍药 麻黄（去根）
荆芥穗（各半两） 白术（三钱半）
上为细末，每服二钱，水一盏，生姜、薄荷各少许，同煎至七分，（内硝更上火煎一
二沸）〔去滓，温服。如小儿麸豆疮疹，欲发先狂语，多渴，及惊风积热，可服一钱，
并临卧服。如大人五脏壅实，欲要溏转，加至四五钱，乘热服之。〕
〔调胃承气汤〕∶
治胃中热实而下满，一切胃经实热者，皆可服之。
大黄（炙半两） 芒硝（半两） 大黄（半两）
《内经》曰∶热淫于内，治以咸寒，佐以苦甘。芒硝咸寒以除热，大黄苦寒以荡实，
甘草甘平以助二物，推陈致新法也。
上件锉如麻豆大，水一盏，煮二味至七分，去滓，纳硝更上火煎一二沸，服之。
大承气汤∶
治痞满燥实，地道不通。
大黄（苦寒，一两） 浓朴（苦寒姜制二两） 芒硝（咸寒一合） 枳壳（五个去穣麸炒）
〔《内经》曰∶燥淫于内，所胜以苦下之，大黄枳实之苦，以除燥热。又曰∶燥淫于
内，治以苦温，浓朴之苦下燥结。又曰∶热淫所胜，治以咸寒，芒硝之咸，以攻郁热蕴结。〕
上四味，以水五升，先煮二味，取三升，去滓，纳大黄，取二升，去滓，入芒硝，更
上火微煎一二沸，分二服，得下勿服余者。方内去硝，即小承气汤也，治证同。
柴胡饮子∶
解一切肌热、蒸热、积热，及寒热往来，蓄热或寒战，及伤寒发汗不解，或不经发
汗传受，表里俱热，口干烦渴，或表热入里，下证未全，下后热未〔除〕，及汗后余
热、劳复，或妇人经病不快，产后但有如此之证，并宜服之，乃气分热也。
柴胡 人参 黄芩 甘草（炙） 大黄 当归 芍药（各半两）
上为粗末，每服四钱，水一盏，姜三片，煎至六分，去滓温服。小儿分三服，不拘时
日，三服除病为度，热〔甚者〕加服。
白虎汤∶
方〔见〕前〔暑热〕内，此方加甘草半两。
桃仁承气汤∶
治热结膀胱，其人如狂，热在下焦，与血相搏，血下则热〔随〕出而愈。
芒硝 甘草 桂枝（各六钱） 桃仁（五十个去皮尖） 大黄（一两三钱）
甘以缓之，辛以散之，小腹急结，缓以桃仁之甘；下焦蓄血，散以桂枝之辛；〔大〕
热之气，寒以〔取〕之；热甚搏血，加〔二〕物于调胃承气汤中〔也〕。
上五味，〔 咀〕，以水二升三合，煮取一升二合，去滓，纳芒硝，煎一、二沸，
分五服。
（神芎丸）∶
治一切热证，常服保养，除痰，消酒食，清头目，利咽膈，能令遍身结滞宣通，气
利而愈。神强体〔健〕，耐伤〔省〕病。并妇人经病，产后血滞，腰脚重痛，小儿积
热，惊风潮搐，〔藏〕用丸，亦曰显仁丸。加黄连、薄荷、川芎各半两，名曰神芎丸。
大黄 黄芩（各二两） 牵牛 滑石（各四两）
上为末，滴水丸如小豆大，或炼蜜丸亦妙。每十五丸加至五、七十丸，温水下，冷水
亦得。
Liangge San (Cool the Middle Powder):
Treats exterior cold pathogen that has not been resolved by sweating, with the pathogen partially entering the interior, but without full formation of Yangming Fu-organ excess syndrome. After purgation, dry heat remains constrained within, causing mental restlessness, vexation, inability to sleep; accumulation of heat in the Zang-Fu organs, leading to irritability, thirst, dizziness, dry lips and throat, Bi syndrome of the throat (swollen and painful throat), red eyes, stiff cheeks, sores on the mouth and tongue; coughing up thick and sticky sputum, delirium, and mania; dryness and obstruction in the intestines and stomach, constipation and urinary retention; stagnation of wind-heat, causing sores, tinea, and macules; extreme heat in convulsions, or blackening and sinking of smallpox/rash indicating impending death.
Qiaoshao (Forsythiae Fructus) (1 liang), Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 0.5 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1.5 liang), Puxiao (Natrii Sulfas) (1 qian).
Modifications: For sore throat with profuse saliva and cough, add Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica) 0.5 liang, Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) 1 liang. For cough with vomiting, add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) 0.5 liang, and decoct with 3 slices of Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) per dose. For epistaxis or hematemesis, add Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) and Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) each 0.5 liang, Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) 1 liang. For strangury, add Huashi (Talcum) 4 liang, Fuling (Poria) 1 liang. For wind-induced vertigo and eye pain, add Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) 0.5 liang, Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) 3 liang, Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) 0.5 liang. For macules and rash, add Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) 1 liang, Jingjie 0.5 liang, Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Chuanxiong, Fangfeng, and Jiegeng each 0.5 liang.
Powder the above ingredients. Take 2 to 5 qian per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water and a little honey until reduced to 0.7 sheng, strain, and take warm. Modifications for deficiency/excess patterns are as described above. For children, take 0.7 or 0.8 qian. If there is no heat sensation but severe blackening/sinking of rashes, abdominal distension, panting, dark and scanty urination, and impending death, administer this dose combined with Dachengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) approximately to purge; if harmony is achieved, the disease resolves.
Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction for Resolving Toxicity):
Treats dry-heat toxicity from Shanghan (Cold Damage) and miscellaneous diseases, presenting with vexation, dry retching, dry mouth, groaning, panting, and chest fullness; deep Yang reversal (cold extremities due to internal heat); severe internal accumulation of heat, often mistakenly transmitted as Yin-toxin. Also treats cases where sweating, emesis, or purging have been used, and cold-natured herbs fail to reduce fever; applicable to Lianggan syndromes (simultaneous exterior and interior involvement).
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Dazhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) (each 0.5 liang).
Cut the above ingredients into pieces the size of hemp seeds. Take 0.5 liang per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water until reduced to 0.4 sheng, strain, and take warm. If abdominal fullness and vomiting occur, or if diarrhea is imminent, add Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) 3 pieces, Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) 2 qian, peeled Fuling (Poria) 4 qian per dose, decoct with 1.5 sheng of water and 3 slices of ginger until reduced to 0.5 sheng, strain, and take warm. This is named Huanglian Banxia Jiedu Tang (Coptis and Pinellia Decoction for Resolving Toxicity).
Sanyi Chengqi Tang (Three-Ones Order the Qi Decoction):
Treats Shanghan and miscellaneous disorders caused by internal or external injury, regardless of duration, presenting with abdominal fullness, dry throat, vexation, thirst, delirium, hardness and pain upon pressing the epigastrium, dark and scanty urination, constipation; or slippery diarrhea due to severe internal damp-heat; panting, cough, chest oppression, and restlessness due to severe heat; palpitations, mania, epilepsy, eye diseases, mouth sores, swollen tongue, throat Bi, carbuncles; Yangming Stomach heat causing macules; pulse is deep and indicates suitability for purgation. In children, extreme heat generating wind-convulsions, tidal convulsions, coma, blackening and non-rising of macules/rash, urinary obstruction, fatal abdominal distension. Or after macules/rash, heat persists, scabs do not form for a long time, or macules/ulcers/tinea persist chronically; internal constraint of heat, hard accumulations, yellow emaciation, malaria, sudden new or old heart pain, wind-phlegm and alcohol obstruction, intestinal mucus and stagnation, chronic wind-heat stagnation, sudden alcohol/food injury, mental distress and restlessness, pulse rapid and deep-solid. Or Kidney Yin deficiency with sudden excessive Yang-heat, leading to collapse and stroke, sudden aphasia, internal injury from accumulated heat, deep Yang reversal, pulse faint and thin approaching extinction. Or when the harmonious righteous Qi at the surface merges with pathogenic factors in the interior, causing extreme interior heat resembling Yin, manifesting as chills, pulse faint and absent. Or severe wind-heat-dryness lodging in the Lower Jiao, causing obstructed urination and defecation. Or retained dead fetus in postpartum women, or severe heat in both exterior and interior in Lianggan syndromes requiring purgation.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (each 0.5 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (1 liang).
Cut the above ingredients into pieces the size of hemp seeds. Decoct with 1.5 sheng of water and 3 slices of ginger until reduced to 0.6 sheng, add Mangxiao, boil once or twice, strain, and take hot. Stop when bowel movement occurs. For severe heat, take one dose; efficacy is indicated by bowel movement; adjust according to circumstances.
Ba Zheng San (Eight-Utensils Powder):
Treats evil heat in the Heart meridian in adults and children, all types of accumulated toxins, dry throat and mouth, intense thirst with desire to drink, palpitations, facial heat, restlessness, red eyes and eye pain, cracked lips, epistaxis, mouth and tongue sores, swollen and painful throat; also treats dark and scanty urination, strangury or complete urinary retention, as well as Heat Strangury and Blood Strangury. All are suitable for this formula.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, wrapped in flour and baked dry), Qumai (Dianthi Herba), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Pianchu (Polygoni Avicularis Herba), Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Huashi (Talcum) (each 1 liang).
Powder the above ingredients. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water and a few stems of Dengxin (Junci Medulla) until reduced to 0.7 sheng, strain, and take warm after meals and before bed. Give to children according to their capacity.
Xixin San (Washing the Heart Powder):
Treats severe heat from wind congestion, dizziness and headache, stiffness and tension in shoulders and back, painful joints, rising heat, bitter taste, cracked lips, swollen and painful throat, congested phlegm and saliva, thick and sticky nasal discharge and sputum, mental restlessness, dry and painful eyes, disharmony of cold and heat, nasal congestion with heavy voice, dry throat with excessive thirst, five-palm heat, dark and scanty urination, and constipation.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, wrapped in flour and baked clean), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, trimmed and washed), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, roots removed), Jingjiesui (Schizonepetae Spica) (each 0.5 liang), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (3.5 qian).
Powder the above ingredients finely. Take 2 qian per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water, a little Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), and Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) until reduced to 0.7 sheng. (Add Mangxiao and boil once or twice more), strain, and take warm. For children with variola/varioliform eruptions, preceding madness, excessive thirst, and convulsive heat, take 1 qian before bed. For adults with excess congestion in the Five Viscera desiring loose stools, increase to 4-5 qian and take hot.
Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Order the Qi Decoction):
Treats fullness below due to heat-excess in the Stomach; applicable to all Stomach meridian heat-excess conditions.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried, 0.5 liang), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, 0.5 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang).
The Neijing states: "When heat dominates internally, treat with salty-cold, assisted by bitter-sweet." Mangxiao is salty-cold to clear heat; Dahuang is bitter-cold to purge excess; Gancao is sweet-neutral to assist these two, following the method of eliminating the stale and generating the new.
Cut the above ingredients into pieces the size of hemp seeds. Decoct Dahuang and Gancao with 1 sheng of water until reduced to 0.7 sheng, strain, add Mangxiao, boil once or twice, and take.
Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction):
Treats Pi (fullness), Man (distension), Zao (dryness), Shi (excess), and obstruction of the Earth Path (intestines).
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, bitter-cold, 1 liang), Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, bitter-cold, ginger-processed, 2 liang), Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas, salty-cold, 1 he), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 5 pieces, bran-stir-fried, pith removed).
The Neijing states: "When dryness dominates internally, purge it with bitter [substances]; the bitterness of Dahuang and Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) clears dry-heat." It also states: "When dryness dominates internally, treat with bitter-warm; the bitterness of Houpo purges dryness-congestion." And: "When heat dominates, treat with salty-cold; the saltiness of Mangxiao attacks constrained heat accumulation."
Take the four ingredients, decoct with 5 sheng of water. First decoct Houpo and Zhike to obtain 3 sheng, strain, add Dahuang, obtain 2 sheng, strain, add Mangxiao, simmer briefly once or twice over fire. Divide into two doses. Do not take the remainder after bowel movement is achieved. Removing Mangxiao from this formula yields Xiao Chengqi Tang (Minor Order the Qi Decoction), which treats the same indications.
Chaihu Yinzi (Bupleurum Drink):
Resolves all muscle heat, steaming heat, and accumulated heat, alternating chills and fever, accumulated heat or chills, unresolved Shanghan after sweating, transmission without prior sweating, simultaneous exterior-interior heat, dry mouth and vexation/thirst, table-heat entering the interior, incomplete lower-excess signs, residual heat after purgation, residual heat after sweating, relapse due to overexertion, irregular menstruation in women, or any such postpartum conditions. These are Qi-level heat.
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, honey-fried), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) (each 0.5 liang).
Powder the above ingredients coarsely. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with 1 sheng of water and 3 slices of ginger until reduced to 0.6 sheng, strain, and take warm. Children divide into three doses, taken at any time, stopping after three doses if the disease is cured; increase dosage if heat is severe.
Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction):
See previous section on Summerheat-Heat. This formula adds 0.5 liang of Gancao.
Taoren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel Order the Qi Decoction):
Treats heat binding in the Bladder, with the patient appearing manic; heat in the Lower Jiao clashing with blood. When blood is expelled, heat exits with it and the disease resolves.
Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (each 6 qian), Taoren (Persicae Semen, 50 kernels, skin and tip removed), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang 3 qian).
Sweet to relax, pungent to disperse. The acute knotting in the lower abdomen is relaxed by the sweetness of Taoren; accumulated blood in the Lower Jiao is dispersed by the pungency of Guizhi; extreme heat is countered by cold [nature]. Severe heat clashing with blood requires adding these two substances to Tiaowei Chengqi Tang.
Cut the five ingredients. Decoct with 2 sheng 3 he of water to obtain 1 sheng 2 he, strain, add Mangxiao, boil once or twice, divide into five doses.
Shenxiong Wan (Divine Xiong Pill):
Treats all heat syndromes; regular use preserves health, eliminates phlegm, digests food and alcohol, clears head and eyes, benefits the throat and diaphragm, promotes circulation of stagnation throughout the body, facilitates Qi flow, and leads to recovery. Strengthens spirit and body, increases resistance to injury and reduces illness. Also treats menstrual disorders in women, postpartum blood stasis, heavy and painful waist and legs, accumulated heat in children, convulsive tidal convulsions. Stored as pills, also called Xianren Wan. Adding Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba), and Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma) each 0.5 liang makes Shenxiong Wan.
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 2 liang), Qianniu (Pharbitidis Semen), Huashi (Talcum) (each 4 liang).
Powder the above ingredients. Form pills with water the size of small beans, or honey pills are also excellent. Take 15 pills, increasing to 50-70 pills, swallow with warm water or cold water.