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According to the *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* (Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases), "Ji Ju" (accumulations and masses) are caused by disharmony between Yin and Yang, weakness of the Fu organs and Zang organs, contraction of Wind pathogen, and its binding with the Qi of the Zang and Fu organs. The Fu organs belong to Yang... (text lacuna); located on the left, it is named... (text lacuna); located in... (text lacuna), occurring at irregular times, causing panting and counterflow of Qi, bone萎 (weakness/atrophy), shortness of breath.

The *Yi Men Fang* (Medical Gate Formulas) states: "Differentiation says: Fei Qi (Fat Qi/Mass), refers to its flourishing state, describing the mass as like an inverted cup, protruding in a shape resembling abundance; Fu Liang (Hidden Beam), refers to its large..." (text lacuna) Ben... (text lacuna) Ji... (text lacuna).

The *Hua Tuo Fang* (Formulas of Hua Tuo) states: Er Che Wan (Two-Carts Pill), so named because it was often carried in the cart following that of the noble person. It treats various diseases of the heart and abdomen, accumulations above the diaphragm, alternating cold and heat, indigestion, or conditions arising from sorrow, anger, joy, or rage, or from fatigue and exhaustion leading to Qi stagnation, or old diseases causing floating Qi, reduced appetite, and lack of muscle growth. If the pathogen is in the hypochondrium, swallowing one pill will eliminate it; if suffering from fright and insecurity, swallow one pill three times daily; if sleeping alone without fear but the condition is severe, swallow six or seven times during the day and three times at night. For mild cases, swallow four or five times during the day and twice at night. Cold accumulation is expelled through the bowels, causing frequent flatulence. It also treats: female infertility, severe pain in the lower abdomen, pain even when Yang Qi arrives, pain radiating to the chest, caused by accumulated cold. Wind entering the uterine channel, or intercourse before menstruation has ceased, or intercourse while urgently needing to urinate, or intercourse with clothes not properly fastened, or exposure to cold after urgent defecation, allowing dampness to rise from below; chronic illness resulting from these, treated with the above method, pregnancy may occur within one hundred days. Formula for Er Che Wan: Shu Jiao (Sichuan Pepper, *Zanthoxyli Pericarpium*, 1 jin selected), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger, *Zingiberis Rhizoma*, 20 pieces of similar size), Jing Mi (Glutinous Rice, *Oryza Sativa Var. Glutinosa*, 1 sheng), Langling Wu Tou (Aconite from Langling, *Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*, 20 pieces of similar size), Duan Zao [Ash]... (text lacuna). These five substances are soaked in 1.5 dou of water containing ash, placed in a fine silk bag holding half a unit, tied, and immersed in the ash overnight, then dried in the sun. All herbs are powdered and sifted, and mixed with... (text lacuna).

The Fan Wang Fang's Wu Tong Wan (Five-Through Pill) treats accumulations, retained fluids, retained food, alternating cold and heat, and vexatious stagnation, promoting flesh growth and tonifying deficiency. Formula: Jiao Mu (Pepper Seed, *Zanthoxyli Semen*, 1 liang, processed), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root, *Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*, 1 liang, processed), Hou Po (Magnolia Bark, *Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex*, 1 liang), Xing Ren (Apricot Seed, *Armeniacae Semen Amarum*, 3 liang, processed), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, *Pinelliae Rhizoma*, 1 liang, washed), Ting Li (Descurainia Seed, *Descurainiae Semen*, ...). Eight substances are used. Ting Li and Xing Ren are pounded separately until cooked, then mixed with other powders, blended well, and pounded with honey for five thousand strokes. Swallow two pills the size of mulberry seeds.

It further states: San Tai Wan (Three-Terraces Pill) treats alternating cold and heat of the Five Zang organs, accumulations and abdominal distension, large abdomen with empty rumbling and belching undigested food, failure to build muscle, and in severe cases, coughing and counterflow of Qi. If due to Shang Han (Cold Damage)... (text lacuna). Formula: Da Huang (Rhubarb Root, *Rhei Radix et Rhizoma*, 12 liang [another version 2 liang], crushed and stir-fried until color changes), Ting Li Zi (Descurainia Seed, *Descurainiae Semen*, 1 sheng, stir-fried until color changes), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root, *Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*, 1 liang, ... let ...), Xing Ren (Apricot Seed, *Armeniacae Semen Amarum*, 1 sheng, stir-fried until color changes), Xiao Shi (Niter, *Natrii Sulfas*, 1 sheng), Bi Hu (... 2 liang, washed), Hou Po (Magnolia Bark, *Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex*, 1 liang, roasted), Fu Ling (Poria, *Poria*, 0.5 liang...). Ten substances are all pounded and sifted, mixed with honey, and pounded for thirty thousand strokes. Form pills the size of mulberry seeds. Start with five pills; if ineffective, increase slightly. The goal is smooth bowel movements.

It further states: Formula for treating long-standing cold accumulations: Hu Zhang Gen (Knotweed Root, *Polygoni Cuspidati Radix et Rhizoma*, approx. 1 sheng). Pound it, soak in wine, drink 1 sheng three times daily.

The *Duan Ju Fang* (Short Drama Formulas) states: Qi Qi Wan (Seven-Qi Pill) treats Seven Qi illnesses. Seven Qi pathologies include Cold Qi, Anger Qi, Joy Qi, Worry Qi, Resentment Qi, Sorrow Qi, and Heat Qi... (text lacuna) when Qi... (text lacuna) moves rapidly... (text lacuna) foot floats... (text lacuna). Formula: Da Huang (Rhubarb Root, *Rhei Radix et Rhizoma*, 10 parts, processed), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root, *Ginseng Radix*, 3 parts), Jiao (Pepper, *Zanthoxyli Pericarpium*, 2 parts, processed), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, *Pinelliae Rhizoma*, 3 parts, processed), Wu Tou (Aconite Root, *Aconiti Radix*, 5 parts, processed), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root, *Platycodi Radix*, ...), Ling (... 3 parts), Xiong (... parts), Ren (... 3 parts). Seventeen substances are ground together and sifted, mixed with honey, taken with wine, three pills the size of mulberry seeds, three times daily. If ineffective, increase slightly up to ten pills when effective. (Now... hard as... text lacuna)

Qian Jin Fang's Qi Qi Tang (Seven-Qi Decoction) treats Worry Qi, Labor Qi, Cold Qi, Sorrow Qi, Qi caused by diet, High Qi, or internal injury from deficiency-labor, disharmony of the Five Zang organs, deficiency of Yang Qi, and counterflow upwards and downwards. Formula: Gan Cao (Licorice Root, *Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma*, 2 liang), Gua Lou (Trichosanthes Fruit, *Trichosanthis Fructus*, 2 liang), Chi Shao (Red Peony Root, *Paeoniae Radix Rubra*, 2 liang), Jiao (Pepper, *Zanthoxyli Pericarpium*, 3 liang), Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, *Pinelliae Rhizoma*, 2 liang), Ren Shen (Ginseng Root, *Ginseng Radix*, 1 liang), Gan Di Huang (Rehmannia Root, *Rehmanniae Radix*, 2...). Eight ingredients are cut, boiled in 1 dou of water to yield 3 sheng, divided into three doses.

It further states: Shen Ming Du Ming Wan (Divine Spirit Life-Prolonging Pill) treats long-term abdominal accumulations, obstruction of urination and defecation, Qi rushing to the chest, abdominal fullness, and painful inability to eat. Formula: Da Huang (Rhubarb Root, *Rhei Radix et Rhizoma*, 1 liang), Chi Shao (Red Peony Root, *Paeoniae Radix Rubra*, 1 liang). Two ingredients are made into honey pills the size of mulberry seeds. Take four pills, twice daily. If ineffective, increase to six or seven pills, stopping when effective.

It further states: Formula for treating pathogenic Qi accumulation in the hypochondrium with alternating cold and heat resembling Wen Nue (Warm Malaria): Steam mouse-dung earth and apply as a hot compress to the affected area; replace when cool.

Ge Shi Fang states: Lu Su Wan (Exposed-to-Dew Pill) for treating severe cold accumulations: Shi... (text lacuna), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger, *Zingiberis Rhizoma*), Gui (Cinnamon Twig, *Cinnamomi Ramulus*), Jie Geng (Platycodon Root, *Platycodi Radix*), Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root, *Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata*), Zao Jia (Gleditsia Fruit, *Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus*) (each 3 liang). Pound and sift, make into honey pills. Take ten pills the size of mulberry seeds, three times daily, gradually increasing to fifteen pills.

Seng Shen Fang treats fullness and pain under the heart, breaking accumulations, coughing and counterflow of Qi preventing eating, alternating cold and heat with frequent hiccups. Formula: Shu Jiao (Sichuan Pepper, *Zanthoxyli Pericarpium*, 5 fen), Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger, *Zingiberis Rhizoma*, 5 fen), Gui Xin (Cinnamon Heart, *Cinnamomi Ramulus*, 5 fen), Wu Tou (Aconite Root, *Aconiti Radix*, 5 fen). The above four substances are ground together and sifted, mixed with honey into pills the size of small beans. Take one pill after taking staple food and rice gruel, three times daily and once at night. If ineffective, increase by one pill... (text lacuna).

Xin Lu Fang for treating accumulations: Ma Xian (Purslane, *Portulacae Herba*) juice is squeezed and boiled into a paste, formed into pills, taken with wine the size of a jujube, three times daily.

De Zhen Chang Fang for accumulations: Moxibustion at the space below the 13th thoracic vertebra, three cun apart. Another formula: Moxibustion at Shang Wan (CV13), two cun below Ji Wei (CV15). Another formula: Moxibustion at Wei Wan, one cun below Shang Wan. Another formula: Moxibustion at Shui Fen (CV9), one cun above the umbilicus.

Silla Master's Formula: Xu Sui Zi (Spurge Seed, *Euphorbiae Lathyridis Semen*, also known as Nai Dong Hua), remove the outer skin, mix with one he of wine, take fourteen pills according to age and constitution.

Cui Yuxi Shi Jing: Take one sheng of Turnip Seeds (*Brassicae Rapae Semen*), pound and grind, boil in three sheng of water to obtain one sheng, take thickly. It is a miraculous medicine and also treats Zheng Jia (masses and nodules).