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Wind-warmth disease occurs when a person is previously injured by wind pathogen and subsequently injured by heat pathogen, resulting in the struggle between wind and heat. Its symptoms include flaccidity of the four limbs (inability to hold or move them), headache, feverish body, and spontaneous sweating. Treatment should focus on the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) and Jueyin (Terminal Yin) meridians. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "Those who have sweat but remain feverish suffer from wind-warmth." Treatment should primarily employ acrid-cool methods to disperse wind and resolve heat. One must absolutely avoid diaphoresis (sweating therapy); if misused, it will lead to delirious speech (谵语). One must also avoid purgation; if misused, it will cause difficulty in urination. Furthermore, warm needle therapy must not be used; if misused, it will result in deafness and difficulty in speaking.

The name "damp-warmth" is easily confused with "heat-stroke" (Zhongye). Wind-warmth, if treated incorrectly leading to profuse sweating, often results in death. Therefore, treatment should only aim for slight sweating, with clearing and resolving exterior and interior pathogens being the best approach.

Winter-warmth disease arises from contracting warm qi during winter; it belongs to the category of epidemic diseases. Why? Because winter should be extremely cold, yet warmth prevails instead. If people are exposed to this climate, it is named winter-warmth. Winter-warmth disease differs significantly from cold damage (Shanghan). Since warmth causes the leakage of qi, it violates the command of closure and storage inherent to winter. Thus, ancient practitioners used Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) combined with exterior-releasing herbs to treat it.

Warm-toxin disease may occur when one contracts cold pathogen during the severe cold of winter, which manifests only when the weather becomes warm and hot later. Alternatively, it may transform from cold damage where the heat has not yet subsided, and the patient encounters warm-heat again, transforming into warm-toxin. Warm-toxin is the most severe among these diseases. Treatment should employ cold and cool substances to vigorously resolve the heat. If evil heat deepens day by day and toxin qi fails to vent, it may manifest as macules (Yinzhen), mottled rashes, or skin eruptions similar to those seen in seasonal epidemics. This condition is particularly severe and can be treated with Shengma Gegen Tang (Cimicifugae and Puerariae Root Decoction) or Huaban Tang (Transform Spot Decoction).

Zhongye (summerheat stroke) is a heat disease contracted in summer. It resembles cold damage and is identical to heat disease. Its symptoms include high fever, extreme thirst, spontaneous sweating, irritability, mild aversion to cold, and body pain. Generally, Zhongye involves heat injuring the Taiyang (Greater Yang) meridian, whereas Zhongshu (heatstroke) involves heat injuring the Heart and Spleen meridians. Although similar to cold damage, it must absolutely not be treated as such. However, even if the hands and feet are cold and the pulse is deficient, hot therapies must not be used. Instead, clearing the heart and promoting urination is appropriate, or using heat-clearing and summerheat-resolving herbs is acceptable.

The *Huoren Shu* (Book of Living People) states: "In summer, there are four conditions: cold damage, wind injury, heatstroke, and heat disease. Their pulses and symptoms overlap, making them difficult to distinguish clearly. However, a tight pulse with aversion to cold is called cold damage. A slow pulse with aversion to wind is called wind injury. A surging pulse with high fever is called heat disease. A deficient pulse with feverish body is called summerheat injury. How can physicians fail to distinguish these clearly?" There are also symptoms caused by hunger, overeating, or labor strain, leading to dry-hot skin, extreme thirst with desire to drink, red face, red eyes, and a flooding pulse that feels empty upon pressing, completely vanishing under heavy pressure. This is deficiency-fire due to blood deficiency. The symptoms resemble the Baihu Tang syndrome, differing only in that the pulse is not long and solid. Taking Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) will certainly lead to death; therefore, Li Dongyuan used Danggui Buxue Tang (Angelica Sinensis Tonifying Blood Decoction) to treat it. Alas! Heatstroke indeed resembles cold damage, but one must not fail to realize that there are conditions resembling heatstroke. Can one not be cautious?