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When using Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) to treat blood disorders, one must carefully examine whether it is appropriate. ○ Chu Shi stated: The throat has orifices; hemoptysis (coughing up blood) can be fatal; the intestines have orifices; hematochezia (blood in stool) can also be fatal. Hematochezia is still treatable, whereas hemoptysis is difficult to cure. Those who drink urine may survive in more than one out of a hundred cases; those who take cold-cooling herbs rarely survive. Although blood belongs to Yin, is it not Yang that facilitates its movement? I believe that Chu Shi’s statement indeed reflects the fundamental principles of Yuan Qi (Original Qi), which should not be ignored. As for the use of urine, it is indeed beneficial for reducing fire by borrowing its descending property when pathogenic heat flares upward. However, if the injury involves the Spleen and Stomach, or if there are syndromes such as Yang deficiency with Yin excess, it is not suitable. One should not assume that because "one out of a hundred survives," it can be universally applied. (Zhang Jingyue)

Books state: Qi has the merit of generating blood; tonifying Qi is superior to nourishing Blood. This statement refers to injuries of the Yin collaterals causing internal bleeding and blood deficiency without fire, rather than injuries of the Yang collaterals causing external bleeding and blood deficiency with fire. By "Yin collateral injury and internal bleeding," it refers to blood leaking or escaping from below; by "Yang collateral injury and external bleeding," it refers to blood rushing upward, manifesting as hemoptysis, hematemesis (vomiting blood), epistaxis (nosebleed), and gingival bleeding. In cases of blood injured by Yin collaterals, once the blood is lost, the fire also dissipates; this constitutes blood deficiency without fire. In cases of blood injured by Yang collaterals, once the blood is lost...