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Exterior pathogens (pathogenic factors from outside) are constrained and latent in the Lung, failing to be diffused and dispersed. Coupled with a habit of smoking and drinking alcohol, fire-toxins ascend and fumigate. Long-term stagnation leads to blazing heat, scorching and corrupting the lung lobes, resulting in the exhalation of foul-smelling air, as offensive as rotten eggs, which is unbearable. Even if the disease lingers, it is ultimately incurable.

When carbuncles and sores (superficial suppurative infections) have formed pus for a long time without being opened, prolonged fermentation causes the heat to intensify. The more intense the heat, the more it steams and burns the flesh, altering its odor. The higher the heat, the faster the rotting; inevitably, it will rupture and discharge pus. Its odor is worse than that of rotten eggs. If occurring on the limbs, it tends to spread and is difficult to heal and close; if occurring on the trunk or body, it is even harder to treat.

Deficiency of both the Spleen and Kidney, chaotic Qi and Blood, and internal disturbance by Dampness often occur during the season of summer-dampness. External dampness stirs up internal dampness, causing redness, swelling, heaviness, and pain in the skin of the lower legs and shanks, known as Shenqi Youfeng (Wandering Wind of Kidney Qi). Acupuncture is used to drain the damp fluid. A paste made of Phellodendri Cortex powder (Huangbai, 黄柏) and tofu is applied externally, while Fangji Tang (Stephania Decoction) is taken internally. (Formula see later).

Due to exterior deficiency allowing wind invasion, combined with blood-heat and dry skin, the skin becomes itchy, shedding white scales when scratched, or forming water blisters, or yellow-white crusts, wandering unpredictably. (Those that are red are named Chiyoufeng [Red Wandering Wind], and those that are white are named Baiyoufeng [White Wandering Wind]). Treatment is difficult to achieve efficacy; long-term administration of Qufeng Wan (Wind-Dispersing Pill) can reduce symptoms. (Formula see later).

If bitten by a normal dog breaking the skin and flesh, immediately apply the Xududan (Dog-Bite Toxin Dan) plaster. (Formula seen in *Qingnang Ji*), healing can occur in four to five days. If not treated promptly, or if dietary restrictions are not observed, the toxin easily spreads, causing redness, swelling, pain, deep ulceration, and pus discharge. If located on the upper body, treat according to the methods for carbuncles and swellings. If located below the knee, first extract the toxin for three days, then treat according to the methods for ulcers. If bitten by a mad dog, refer to the treatment methods in *Qingnang Ji*.

In children suffering from sand-rash (measles-like diseases), if heat-toxins fail to reach the surface and remain latent in the intestines and stomach, there is often lingering abdominal pain. The head, chest, and abdomen all feel feverish, or the lower body feels feverish. Red-purple patches may appear on the body and abdomen, sometimes hidden, sometimes visible. The pulse is floating and rapid. It is appropriate to use methods to disperse the exterior. If mistakenly treated with warming herbs, they enter the abdomen and become incurable. If pain is caused by roundworms invading the middle Jiao/Stomach, the pain has intervals of relief, the radial pulse at the cun position is deep and slippery, fluctuating between large and small. If abdominal pain is caused by cold pathogens, the pulse is deep and slow. Neither of these two conditions presents with fever.

Ulcers arising on the head, face, and neck are mostly due to the upward congestion of wind-heat. The head is the meeting point of all Yang meridians. Misusing acupuncture and moxibustion here is like pouring oil on a fire, leading to diffuse swelling that is difficult to reverse. Furthermore, plasters containing warming ingredients such as Cinnamon Bark (Rougui, 肉桂) and Musk (Shexiang, 麝香) must especially not be applied, as they also aid fire and exacerbate swelling, which is terrifying.