\r花药园图\ps127a118.bmp\r
今世士大夫人家多植花卉，其中杂植药品，仓卒可以救人，何其方便。如葵花可以催生止痢，菊花可以明
目清心，罂粟可以止泻宁嗽，芙蓉可以消毒溃坚。诸如此类，不可胜纪。凡园中与花卉并植，一
则可以清玩，次则可以捐 ，急救博施，惠而不费，济人利物，不亦仁乎？春甫记。
紫苏 与苋菜同时下子，一畦两傍，沿边可撒苏子，中间尽撒菜子。菜出而苏亦长，粪菜
则及其苏。盛长时连根收之，每茎作一束。如欲收子，先剪取叶，仍留茎，带子收。
【治病】凡遇外感风寒，以紫苏叶一味煎汤，热服二碗，则周身通快。孕妇腹痛，用茎叶各半
煎汤，服一盏即止。
萱花（一名宜男花，一名忘忧草） 其草严冬用稻草覆其根，则来春易发。春上分
栽，叶可煮食。妇人怀孕二三个月内，宜置萱花于绛囊，佩身左，则生男，故曰宜男。
【治病】以其根磨醋服，立止心痛。嫩叶可作菜食，利胸膈，消痞闷。
玉簪花 栽植之时亦如萱花。
【治病】其根捣汁，吞入喉，治骨哽。吞时不可沾牙，沾牙即落。
葵花 正月下子，粪土盖二寸浓，五月开花收之，十月收子。开黄花，其叶有叉者，为蜀
葵。隔年八九月种子，次年易长，便开花。正月种者，当年不能开花。
【治病】其花赤者，治赤痢；白者，治白痢。蜀葵能催生，无花时取子一合，半生半炒，研
末，酒调服，立产。经水不通者，服之亦通。
菊花 夏间分栽，不宜太密，密则花头小。宜栽黄白二种，可入药，秋后开花者尤佳。家
庭中植之，甚有逸趣，且兆吉祥。以其晚节凌霜之操，非群花之可得而斑也。种菊花有六要∶一
要向阳，遮护冰雪，冬养其根，春苗乃茁；二要高其畦，宽其沟，岁易其地，加新土，去旧土；
三要治其苗，用小竹扦立其傍，以草宽缚之，其茎不曲，法云∶未种菊，先扦竹；四要培干土于
久雨，防烂其根；五要削榜枝以植正干；六要朝灌清水沃其根，而后用粪浇培以浓本。
【治病】明目清心之要药。用干菊花筑枕，大能聪明耳目。
芙蓉花 与菊同时分植，叶盛时从下剪，逐渐收之。
【治病】其叶鲜捣，敷金疮肿毒，实时消散。外科铁箍散用之为君。
罂粟花（一名亚芙蓉） 九月九日或中秋夜种之，花必大，子必满。种讫以竹帚扫之，
花乃千瓣。两手重叠撒种，则重叠开花。
【治病】粟子或壳，作散或入汤用，止久泻久嗽，其效如神。
百合花 春取根，大者擘瓣，五寸地一科种之。先掘深五六寸，着鸡粪一层，次加土，然
后以瓣安土上，盖之。二三月锄之，灌清粪。逾二年如盏大，煮熟食之，补人。红花者，名山丹，不堪食。
【治病】其根擘破，用沸汤中炸过，晒干收贮入药。能补肺止嗽，治肺痈咳吐脓血。
百部 最宜多种。取其汗浣衣，自然洁白，胜用皂角碱水之类，仍不生虱子为佳。
【治病】用竹刀劈开，去皮心。砂锅煮烂，淡食之，治嗽顺气，清肺火；空心食之，补肾杀蛔虫。
草决明（北方名望江南） 春取子，畦中种，上粪下水。叶生时可食，明目。花阴干
亦可食。至秋成嫩荚，点荼食尤妙。古诗云∶雨中百草秋烂死，阶下决明颜色鲜。
【治病】决明子微炒，研细入药，明目止泪，除昏退翳必用之药。
小茴香 宜广种。其性清香，烹饪用之良。
【治病】凡下部气痛腰疼、冷气痛，并宜服之。
川芎 宜多种。叶名蘼芜，清香可爱。川芎煎茶饮之，清头目，去头风。
【治病】详见《本草》。
蕲艾 宜多种。五月五日收之梁间，经年久者尤良。
【治病】煎汤洗，诸风湿热疮毒，灸火必用之。
泽兰叶（一名醒头香） 春分种，多用水濯，近泽畔尤发。生叶可食。头发炽结，有
此草可解，故名醒头香。
【治病】产后恶血凝滞不行者，用茎叶煎酒服，即通瘀血，且痛止气和。药方中多用之，市肆中鲜有真者。
虎掌草 石砌花盆栽之有生意。叶浓如钱，形如虎掌，蔓延若虎须。窗草石栽于庭，能避百邪。
【治病】小儿口干舌尽，捣烂以帛裹，揩之愈。
慎火草（俗名挂壁青） 用盆栽置房屋上，能避火，故名慎火。四季长青可爱。
【治病】将茎叶烂捣，敷火丹、亦游火疹极效。
地肤草（一名铁扫帚） 此草一种一干而百枝，叶细而青俊可玩，秋后结子，名地肤
子。霜后叶调，枝梗可为扫帚，故名铁扫帚。
【治病】采嫩枝叶捣汁，空心饮之治血淋。无叶用子煎汤服。孕妇子淋，小便不通，用地肤草一味最效。
莲花（一名荷花） 春取藕梢，头插积泥池中，至夏便发荷叶。若种莲子，卒难长
生，且不成藕。五六月初开花，蕊名曰菡萏，其花心收之名曰佛座须。周濂溪《爱莲说》云∶出
淤泥而不染，濯清涟而不妖。中通外直，不蔓不枝，香远益清，亭亭净直，此所谓莲花之君子者
也。大夫之庭不可无之。
【治病】其叶鲜捣煎汤，止吐血。四生丸、枳术丸皆用其叶。花心大能涩精补肾。荷叶收干者，烧灰存性，
止诸失血，十灰散中用之。
千瓣石榴花 家庭植之，最宜供玩，有明目之祥。五月五日戴之，一岁无暗目之病。
【治病】其花瓣塞鼻中，止衄。
紫威花 类萱花，其花上有黑点子，不可去之。收其花阴干入药。
【治病】花能治妇人经水不通。
鸡冠花 秋后收子。春间种，与苋菜子同时撒捣。如立而撒子，则高株始开花；若坐而撒
子，则低株矮如扇；或女人裙撒子，亦如之；以手撒子，花细如指。子名青葙子，白者入药。
【治病】子能明目。花用煎汤，洗痔最效。
石菖蒲 用石泉及天雨水，不可用河水、井水。如无油腻尘垢，不必易水。夜移露天，旦
则收之，不可见日晒，自然青久鲜明。此草生于山涧石溜之间，并不见日。歌云∶上品九节通仙
灵，此物舜廊当共登。人家有此亦清气不俗，又能避邪。
【治病】根阴干，通心窍，令人不忘，聪明耳目，利诸郁。读书人用之，日记千言。
芸草（《本草》名芸薹） 书多名芸香，北京甚奇之，名香菜。贵人肴馔杂少许，
取其清香。茎叶类醒头香。古人用以收书，不生蠹鱼。今人鲜用之，故书箧中每为蠹鱼之害。
【治病】连根捣烂，敷乳痈最效。又敷风火丹毒，破产后血积 瘕。
枸杞 取其根连茎，锉之四寸许，束如羹碗大，以草索束之，每畦分作四五行，如韭畦。
掘坑深七八寸，令宽可容束，中安粪及土，每坑相去三寸。粪毕下束，竖立种之，别和粪土壅之
与坑平，然后灌水。不久自生大科，生叶甚肥嫩，其叶如剪韭法，滚水炸，油盐拌食作菜，能明
目清心。子名枸杞子，生甘肃州者，大补精髓。南方生者，其味苦辛，止去湿热而已，滋补少功。根名地骨皮。
【治病】见《本草》。
白扁豆 清明前取水浸豆，将发芽下土种之。白者良，煮食止泻理胃。其花煎汤服，解宿
酲。其荚半嫩摘下，以线穿过，通风处阴干，勿日晒，其色不改，冬月煮熟如鲜。
【治病】详见《本草》。
黄精（土名野生姜） 择叶参差者为真。劈破长二寸许种之，过一年后极稠，子亦得。
取根净洗，用砂锅煮熟，晒干，仍蒸过，才不麻辣。九蒸九晒者尤妙，作果食之，甘美。
【治病】补精髓，滋阴补肾。黑髭发，美颜容，久服轻身延年。
商陆 取根白者切如枣大，带皮肥地种之，其大如瓠，蒸熟食之佳。
【治病】其根烂捣，洗澄粉收之。空心蜜水调服，利水止泻，止淋消肿。
地黄 三月初种，宜沙软地。取根断寸许，种畦中，上粪下水。一年后满畦，摘去傍叶，
粪土壅之。若取根种，肥士盖二三寸浓，仍用经冬烂穣草覆之。候芽出，以火烧其草，令烧去其
苗，再生者叶盛而根大。自春至秋，五六耘之，勿锄。八九月收根，春不用再种，有余根明年自
发，但耨耘而已。
生姜 亦如地黄种法。二三月取小块有芽，种畦中，一尺许阔，畦沟要深尺许。出苗时
要搭日蓬遮盖，怕日怕水。傍根既生，可以取出母姜，秋后又收其新者。
薯蓣 取根白色，上有如米白粒者，预收作种。掘大坑，下铺砖，砖上填沙，沙上加粪土，
四傍高尺许，以子种之。搭架以引其蔓，一年可掘取用。
【治病】见《本草》。
牛膝 秋取其子，至春如种菜法。宜湿肥地，水粪灌之。苗生可食。剪苗了，即上粪。根入
药，秋成先收其子，后锄其根。
【治病】取根生捣，酒煎服，破血，下胎产后瘀血。治喉痹、乳蛾，用鲜汁，入明矾末少许，
漱喉吐痰而愈。
[Diagram of the Flower and Herb Garden]
Currently, many scholar-official households plant flowers, among which medicinal plants are interplanted. They can save lives in emergencies, which is extremely convenient. For instance, sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) can induce labor and stop dysentery; chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemi Flos) can brighten the eyes and clear the heart; poppies (Papaveris Somniferi Fructus) can stop diarrhea and calm coughs; hibiscus (Hibisci Mutabilis Folium) can detoxify and dissipate hard masses. There are countless such examples. Those planted in gardens alongside flowers serve one purpose for elegant appreciation, and another for emergency aid, benefiting others without cost, relieving people and benefiting all things—is this not benevolence? Recorded by Xu Chunfu.
Perilla (Perillae Folium) Sown at the same time as amaranth. Scatter perilla seeds along the edges of a bed and amaranth seeds in the middle. When the vegetable seedlings emerge, perilla also grows; fertilizing the vegetables also benefits the perilla. Harvest them with roots when they are lush, bundling each stem. If seeds are desired, harvest leaves first, leaving the stems to collect the seeds.
[Treating Diseases] For external contraction of wind-cold, decoct a single herb of Perilla Leaf in water, drink two bowls hot, and the whole body will feel relaxed and comfortable. For abdominal pain in pregnant women, decoct equal parts of stem and leaf, drink one cup, and the pain will cease.
Daylily (Hemerocallis Citrina), also known as "Yi Nan Hua" (Suitable for Men Flower) or "Wang You Cao" (Forget-Worry Grass). In severe winter, cover its roots with straw so it sprouts easily in spring. Transplant by division in spring; leaves are edible after boiling. Pregnant women in their second or third month should carry daylily in a crimson pouch on the left side of the body to ensure the birth of a male child, hence the name "Yi Nan."
[Treating Diseases] Grind the root with vinegar and ingest it to immediately stop heart pain. Tender leaves can be eaten as vegetables to unblock the chest and diaphragm and eliminate distension.
Hosta Plantaginea (Hostae Radix) Planted similarly to daylily.
[Treating Diseases] Crush the root and extract juice, swallow into the throat to treat fishbone impaction. Do not let the juice touch the teeth during swallowing, or the bone will fall out.
Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus) Sown in late January, covered with two inches of thick manure-rich soil. Flowers in May and harvested; seeds harvested in October. Yellow flowers indicate Shu Kui (Althea Rosea). Seeds sown in August or September of the previous year grow easily and flower the next year. Sown in January, they do not flower that year.
[Treating Diseases] Red flowers treat red dysentery; white flowers treat white dysentery. Althea Rosea induces labor. Without flowers, take one heaping handful of seeds, half raw and half stir-fried, grind into powder, mix with wine, and ingest for immediate delivery. It also opens amenorrhea.
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemi Flos) Transplant by division in summer; do not plant too densely, or flower heads will be small. Yellow and white varieties are suitable for medicine; those flowering late in autumn are especially good. Planting them at home adds leisurely interest and auspicious omens. Due to its integrity in enduring frost late in the season, it surpasses other flowers. There are six essentials for planting chrysanthemums: 1. Face south, protect from ice and snow, nourish roots in winter so shoots thrive in spring; 2. Raise the beds, widen the ditches, change location yearly, add new soil, remove old soil; 3. Support seedlings with small bamboo stakes and bind loosely with grass to keep stems straight; saying goes: "Before planting chrysanthemum, insert bamboo first"; 4. Cultivate dry soil after long rains to prevent root rot; 5. Prune lateral branches to maintain the main stem; 6. Water roots with clear water in the morning, then fertilize to strengthen the base.
[Treating Diseases] A key herb for brightening eyes and clearing the heart. Using dried chrysanthemum as a pillow greatly enhances hearing and vision.
Hibiscus (Hibisci Mutabilis Folium) Transplanted by division simultaneously with chrysanthemum. Cut from the bottom when leaves are lush, harvesting gradually.
[Treating Diseases] Fresh leaves crushed and applied externally dissipate traumatic swelling and toxic sores instantly. It is the sovereign herb in the surgical formula Tie Gu San (Iron Hoop Powder).
Poppy (Papaveris Somniferi Fructus), also known as Ya Fu Rong. Sown on the Double Ninth Festival or Mid-Autumn night for large flowers and full seeds. Sweep with a bamboo broom after sowing for multi-petaled flowers. Overlapping hands when scattering seeds results in overlapping blooms.
[Treating Diseases] Poppy seeds or husks, made into powders or added to decoctions, stop chronic diarrhea and coughs with miraculous effect.
Lily Bulb (Lilii Bulbus) Take roots in spring. Split large bulbs, plant one clump every five cun. Dig a pit five to six cun deep, place a layer of chicken manure, add soil, then place bulb segments on top and cover. Hoe and irrigate with clear manure water in February and March. After two years, when the bulb is bowl-sized, boil and eat for tonification. Red-flowered lilies, called Shan Dan, are inedible.
[Treating Diseases] Split the root, blanch in boiling water, dry, and store for medicinal use. Tonifies the lungs, stops coughs, and treats lung abscess with expectoration of pus and blood.
Stemona Root (Stemonae Radix) Best planted abundantly. Its juice whitens clothes naturally, superior to soap pod alkali water, and prevents lice.
[Treating Diseases] Split with a bamboo knife, peel, and remove the core. Boil until soft in a clay pot and eat plain to treat coughs, regulate qi, and clear lung fire; eat on an empty stomach to tonify kidneys and kill roundworms.
Cassia Seed (Cassiae Semen), known as Wang Jiang Nan in the North. Sow seeds in spring beds with manure and water. Leaves are edible when young and brighten the eyes. Flowers dried in shade are also edible. In autumn, tender pods are excellent for tea. Ancient poem says: "In rain, hundred herbs rot in autumn; under the steps, Cassia color is fresh."
[Treating Diseases] Lightly stir-fry Cassia Seeds, grind fine for medicine. It brightens eyes, stops tearing, and removes nebulae, essential for treating dimness and corneal opacity.
Fennel (Foeniculi Fructus) Suitable for wide planting. Its nature is fragrant, making it excellent for cooking.
[Treating Diseases] Suitable for lower jiao qi pain, lumbar pain, and cold qi pain.
Ligusticum Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) Suitable for abundant planting. Leaves are called Mi Wu, pleasantly fragrant. Decocted as tea, it clears the head and eyes and dispels wind headaches.
[Treating Diseases] See Ben Cao.
QI Mugwort (Artemisiae Argyi Folium) Suitable for abundant planting. Harvest on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, hang in beams; aged mugwort is better.
[Treating Diseases] Decoct for washing various wind-damp-heat sores and toxins; essential for moxibustion.
Lycopus Japonicus (Lycopi Herba), also known as Xing Tou Xiang. Plant at Spring Equinox; wash frequently with water, thrives near water banks. Young leaves are edible. It resolves tangled hair, hence the name "Xing Tou Xiang" (Head-Awakening Fragrance).
[Treating Diseases] For postpartum stagnant evil blood, decoct stems and leaves in wine to invigorate blood, relieve pain, harmonize qi, and calm spirit. Often used in formulas, but genuine specimens are rare in markets.
Aconitum Carmichaelii (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), also called Hu Zhang Cao. Grows vigorously in stone pots. Leaves are dense like coins, shaped like tiger paws, spreading like tiger whiskers. Potted in courtyards, it wards off evil spirits.
[Treating Diseases] For infants with dry mouth and tongue, crush and apply wrapped in cloth to cure.
Shen Huo Cao (Gynura Segetum), commonly called Gua Bi Qing. Potted and placed on roofs to ward off fire, hence the name Shen Huo (Caution Fire). Evergreen and lovely.
[Treating Diseases] Crush stems and leaves and apply to Huo Dan (fire carbuncles) and You Huo Zhen (traveling fire rashes) with extreme efficacy.
Kochia Scoparia (Kochiae Herba), also known as Tie Sao Zhou (Iron Broom). One stalk produces hundreds of branches, with fine, green, attractive leaves. Bears fruit in autumn called Di Fu Zi. After frost, leaves wither, stems make brooms, hence Iron Broom.
[Treating Diseases] Crush tender leaves and stems, extract juice, drink on an empty stomach to treat bloody strangury. If no leaves, decoct seeds. For pregnant women with strangury and urinary obstruction, a single herb of Kochia is most effective.
Lotus (Nelumbinis Nelumbo) Take lotus tips in spring, insert heads into mud pools, producing leaves in summer. Seeds are hard to germinate and rarely produce rhizomes. Flowers bloom in early summer; stamens are called Han Dan, pistils collected as Fo Zuo Xu. Zhou Lianxi's "Ode to the Lotus" states: "Rising from mud unstained, washed in clear waves not seductive. Hollow inside, straight outside, no vines, no branches, fragrance spreads far, standing pure and upright. This is the gentleman of lotuses." Cannot be absent from noble residences.
[Treating Diseases] Fresh leaves crushed and decocted stop hematemesis. Used in Si Sheng Wan and Zhi Zhu Wan. Lotus pistils strongly astringe essence and tonify kidneys. Dried lotus leaves burned to ash retain nature, stop various hemorrhages, used in Shi Hui San.
Multi-petaled Pomegranate Flower (Punica Granatum) Suitable for home planting and appreciation, auspicious for eyes. Worn on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, preventing eye diseases all year.
[Treating Diseases] Insert petals into nostrils to stop epistaxis.
Zi Wei Hua (Unknown Specific Species, likely a local variety similar to Daylily) Resembles daylily, with black spots on flowers that should not be removed. Dry flowers in shade for medicine.
[Treating Diseases] Treats amenorrhea in women.
Celosia Cristata (Celosiae Cristatae Flos) Harvest seeds in autumn. Sow in spring with amaranth. Standing sowing yields tall plants; sitting sowing yields short fan-like plants; sowing from skirts yields similar results; hand-sowing yields thin flowers like fingers. Seeds are Qing Xiang Zi, white ones used in medicine.
[Treating Diseases] Seeds brighten eyes. Decoct flowers to wash hemorrhoids with best effect.
Acorus Tatarinowii (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma) Use spring water or rainwater, not river or well water. Change only if oily or dirty. Keep outdoors at night, bring in morning, avoid sun exposure to maintain freshness. Grows in mountain streams, unseen by sun. Song says: "Top grade nine-joint Acorus has immortal spirit; this item should ascend with Shun's corridor." Having it in homes brings pure air and wards off evil.
[Treating Diseases] Roots dried in shade open orifices, improve memory, brighten eyes and ears, resolve stagnation. Scholars use it to read thousands of words daily.
Rapeseed (Brassicae Chinensis Herba), named Yun Tai in Ben Cao. Books often call it Yun Xiang. Rare in Beijing, called Xiang Cai. Nobles add little to dishes for fragrance. Stems/leaves resemble Xing Tou Xiang. Ancients used it to preserve books against silverfish. Rarely used now, leading to book damage.
[Treating Diseases] Crush whole plant including roots, apply to mastitis with best effect. Also applies to Feng Huo Dan Du and postpartum blood accumulation masses.
Goji Berry (Lycii Fructus) Take roots with stems, cut into four-inch pieces, bundle like a bowl, tie with grass. Plant in rows like leeks. Dig pits seven to eight cun deep, wide enough for bundles, fill with manure and soil, spacing pits three cun apart. Place bundles vertically, cover with manure-soil mixture level with ground, then irrigate. Large clumps grow soon, leaves fat and tender. Prepare leaves like cutting leeks, blanch in boiling water, mix with oil/salt as vegetable, brightens eyes and clears heart. Seeds are Gou Qi Zi, those from Gansu greatly tonify essence. Southern ones are bitter/acrid, only clear damp-heat, less tonifying. Root is Di Gu Pi.
[Treating Diseases] See Ben Cao.
White Hyacinth Bean (Lablab Albus) Soak beans in water before Qingming, sow when sprouting. White beans are best; boiled, they stop diarrhea and regulate stomach. Decoct flowers to hangover. Pick semi-tender pods, thread through, dry in ventilated shade, avoid sun to keep color; cook in winter like fresh.
[Treating Diseases] See Ben Cao.
Polygonatum Sibiricum (Polygonati Rhizoma), locally Wild Ginger. True ones have uneven leaves. Split into two-inch pieces for planting; becomes dense after one year, yielding seeds. Wash roots clean, boil in clay pot, dry, steam again to remove pungency. Nine steams and nine dryings are best; eat as fruit, sweet and delicious.
[Treating Diseases] Tonifies essence, yin, and kidneys. Blackens beard/hair, beautifies face, prolongs life with long-term use.
Phytolacca Acinoides (Phytolaccae Radix) Take white roots, cut date-sized, plant with skin in fertile land, grows gourd-sized. Steam and eat.
[Treating Diseases] Crush root, wash and collect starch. Mix with honey water on empty stomach to promote urination, stop diarrhea, treat strangury, reduce swelling.
Rehmannia Glutinosa (Rehmanniae Radix) Plant in early March in sandy soft soil. Break roots into inch pieces, plant in beds, fertilize and water. After one year, beds are full, remove side leaves, mound soil/manure. If planting roots, cover with 2-3 cun rich soil, cover with rotten winter grass. When buds emerge, burn grass to remove shoots; regrowth has lush leaves and large roots. Hoe 5-6 times from spring to autumn, do not plough. Harvest roots Aug-Sep; no need to replant in spring, remaining roots sprout next year, just hoe.
Ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma) Plant like Rehmannia. Feb-Mar, take small sprouted pieces, plant in beds one chi wide, ditches one chi deep. Shade seedlings with mats, fear sun and water. Once lateral roots form, remove mother ginger; harvest new ones in autumn.
Dioscorea Opposita (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) Take white roots with rice-grain-like spots, reserve as seed. Dig large pit, lay bricks, fill sand, add manure-soil, sides raised one chi high. Plant seeds. Build trellis for vines, harvest after one year.
[Treating Diseases] See Ben Cao.
Achyranthes Bidentata (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) Harvest seeds in autumn, sow like vegetables in spring. Prefer wet fertile land, irrigate with water/manure. Shoots edible. Fertilize after pruning shoots. Roots used in medicine; harvest seeds first, then dig roots in autumn.
[Treating Diseases] Crush fresh roots, decoct in wine to break blood, expel postpartum lochia. Treat sore throat and tonsillitis with fresh juice and alum powder, gargle to spit phlegm and cure.