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The *Classic* states: When the Shen (Spirit) is injured by excessive thinking, flesh wastes away; when the Yi (Intellect) is injured by excessive sorrow, limbs become useless; when the Hun (Ethereal Soul) is injured by excessive grief, sinews contract; when the Po (Corporeal Soul) is injured by excessive joy, skin becomes withered; when the Zhi (Will) is injured by excessive anger, the waist and spine become difficult to flex and extend. Therefore, conditions of sinew contraction and inconvenience are diseases caused by internal factors and should not be mistakenly treated as wind disorders. However, the *Treatise on Five Wei Syndromes* states: Loss or unfulfilled desires lead to Lung heat and scorched leaves, causing dryness of hair and skin and generating a Wei syndrome, named Pi Mao Wei (Skin and Hair Wei). Excessive grief causes the meridians to sever, named Mai Wei (Vessel Wei). Endless thinking allows heat to enter the Liver, resulting in Bai Yin (seminal emission or leukorrhea), named Jin Wei (Sinew Wei). Exposure to damp-biases injures Spleen Earth, causing muscle insensibility, named Rou Wei (Flesh Wei). Labor fatigue, heat, and thirst deplete internal Yang Qi, allowing heat to lodge in the Kidney, preventing the raising of the waist and spine, and in severe cases, causing marrow depletion, named Gu Wei (Bone Wei). Thus, the Pi Mao, Jin, and Mai Wei syndromes are indeed due to internal factors, while the Rou and Gu Wei syndromes belong to external pathogenic influences. Furthermore, the *Treatise on Sheng Qi Tong Tian* states: Due to dampness, the head feels wrapped; if damp-heat is not resolved, large sinews become short and soft, and small sinews become lax and long. Shortness leads to spasm, and laxity leads to Wei. From this, we see that Wei syndromes can also arise from external influences. Danxi considered Bi syndrome to be an external excess of wind-cold-dampness, while Wei syndrome is an internal deficiency with damp-heat. I believe Bi syndrome arises when healthy Qi is originally harmonious but is attacked by the harsh pathogens of wind, cold, and dampness, and should be termed "Excess" (You Yu). Wei syndrome arises when healthy Qi is originally deficient, leading to stagnation and lethargy, characterized by soft and slow pathogens, and should be termed "Deficiency" (Bu Zu). Therefore, some cases arise from initial emotional injuries or rich dietary intake causing middle-jiao accumulation, turbid Qi, and damp-heat exploiting deficiency to cause Wei. Other cases arise from initial damp-Bi transforming into heat over time, gradually depleting Qi and Blood to cause Wei; these cannot be rigidly categorized. Regarding treatment methods: For damp excess, there are signs of Spleen-Stomach deficiency with dampness, presenting with a faint, slow, and weak pulse; treatment should involve leaching water and drying Earth. For heat excess, there are signs of internal injury with stagnant heat, presenting with a deficient, floating, and large pulse; treatment should involve tonifying Qi and clearing heat. This is the method of "solely taking Yangming" for treating Wei as stated in the *Neijing*. For cases where Liver and Kidney essence and blood are deficient with much dampness, termed Zheng Xu (True Deficiency), one should warm and tonify essence and marrow; although there is internal heat, it is empty heat, which will resolve with tonification. If there is excess of True Fire (Ministerial Fire), termed Pian Xu (Partial Deficiency), the pulse must be deep and rapid, accompanied by seminal emission, white turbidity, and Ministerial Fire symptoms; treatment should involve nourishing Yin and descending fire. In severe heat, one should administer purgative and exterior-releasing agents to rescue Lung heat. This is Danxi's method of "Purging South and Supplementing North" for treating Wei. Some use Yufeng Tang and Jianbu Wan to treat Wei with equal parts of damp-heat; I believe this is only applicable to conditions complicated by Wind. If Wind pathogens are severe, it transforms into Bi syndrome.