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According to the syndrome of Zhongfeng (Wind Stroke, 中风), ancient sages mostly discussed that where pathogenic factors gather, Qi must be deficient, yet they did not explain the origin of this deficiency. Later generations, however, often attribute it thus: "This case of Zhongfeng is due to excessive dissipation in youth," or "That case is due to maintaining concubines in old age." In my view, while those whose deficiency stems from sexual excess are indeed numerous, those whose deficiency results from indulgence in alcohol are even more so. I have treated many patients with Zhongfeng, and nearly half were heavy drinkers; this is a clear verification. According to the *Neijing* (Inner Canon): Zhongfeng induced by drinking is also called "Jiufeng" (Alcohol Wind, 酒风). *Yilei Yuanxu* states: Diseases caused by alcohol-dampness can also manifest as Bi Syndrome (Obstruction Syndrome, 痹证), presenting with deviation of the mouth and eye, hemiplegia, etc. Zhu Danxi also said: Head wind diseases are common among those who love alcohol; dizziness from head wind is the precursor to Zhongfeng. Thus, it is true that drinkers are prone to Zhongfeng. Alcohol has a warm and dispersing nature, capable of opening the Couli (interstitial spaces/pores, 腠理); when Wei Qi (Defensive Qi, 卫气) is deficient, external pathogens easily enter. The damp-heat of alcohol can brew phlegm-saliva; when phlegm is abundant, internal wind easily stirs. In youth and strength, when blood and Qi are robust, alcohol cannot cause harm. After middle age, meridians, bones, and muscles are eroded by the dregs of alcohol; the accumulated essence from grains and food gradually diminishes, steaming the stomach and rotting the intestines. Although one may appear radiant externally, the interior is actually ruined. It is like a tree root that has rotted and been eaten by insects, merely awaiting a fierce gale. Zhu Danxi argued that Zhongfeng is primarily caused by dampness and phlegm; although he did not specifically point to Qu (fermented starter, 曲), nothing causes phlegm and dampness more than alcohol. Is this merely discussing deficiency through bedchamber affairs? For those who indulge in both alcohol and lust, it is like double axes felling a tree; their collapse is imminent, and they cannot solely blame reckless pleasure.

Bi (Obstruction, 痹) means closure. Skin, flesh, sinews, and bones are mixedly affected by wind, cold, and dampness, causing blood vessels to close and circulation to stagnate. Among these three pathogens, if any one becomes predominant, it can form a Bi syndrome. The *Neijing* lists many names for Bi, which cannot be enumerated in detail. For instance, Fengbi (Wind Bi, 风痹), Hanbi (Cold Bi, 寒痹), and Shibi (Damp Bi, 湿痹) refer to the etiology; Xingbi (Wandering Bi, 行痹), Tongbi (Painful Bi, 痛痹), and Zhuobi (Fixed Bi, 着痹) describe the symptoms; Pibei (Spleen Bi, 脾痹), Ganbi (Liver Bi, 肝痹), Xinbi (Heart Bi, 心痹), Feibi (Lung Bi, 肺痹), and Shenbi (Kidney Bi, 肾痹) indicate the associated organs; Jinbi (Sinew Bi, 筋痹), Maibi (Vessel Bi, 脉痹), Pibei (Skin Bi, 皮痹), Roubei (Flesh Bi, 肉痹), and Gubi (Bone Bi, 骨痹) denote the location of the disease. Therefore, ancients stated: The so-called Xingbi, Tongbi, and Zhuobi caused by wind, cold, and dampness are named according to the climatic conditions encountered and the site of pathogen lodging; there are no other five types of Bi determined by meridians besides wandering, painful, and fixed types. Today, some confused individuals, when asked about Bi syndrome, say: "Is this similar to Tongfeng (Gout, 痛风)?" This is not entirely wrong. However, Wang Sun'an of recent times had the most insightful classification. He used "Bi" as the outline and directly categorized them: Xingbi, characterized by wandering instability, is what the world calls Zouzhú (Running Injection, 走注) and pain syndromes; Tongbi, characterized by severe pain and suffering, is what the world calls Tongfeng (Gout, 痛风) and Baihuli Jie (White Tiger Joint, 白虎历节); Zhuobi, characterized by fixation without movement, is what the world calls numbness and insensitivity (Mamu Buren, 麻木不仁). Furthermore, Zouzhú differs from Li Jie; it involves joint pain but does not necessarily wander. Regarding the key to treating Bi: Treating Xingbi focuses on dispersing wind, while dispelling cold and draining dampness should not be abandoned. Generally, herbs that regulate blood should be added, because treating wind requires treating blood first; when blood flows, wind extinguishes itself. Treating Tongbi focuses on dispelling cold, while venting wind and drying dampness are indispensable. Generally, fire-tonifying (Warming Yang, 补火) formulas should be added; only potent acrid-warm herbs can resolve the harm of congealed cold. Treating Zhuobi focuses on draining dampness, while dispelling wind and resolving cold are still necessary. Generally, spleen-qi tonifying herbs should be added, because strengthening Earth (Spleen, 脾) controls dampness, and sufficient Qi eliminates numbness and stiffness. However, if Bi is caused by the three pathogens, treatment should follow this logic. If pathogens remain stagnant for a long time, wind transforms into fire, cold into heat, and dampness into phlegm; then the treatment strategy must change, focusing on purging fire, clearing heat, and resolving phlegm, supplemented by herbs that unblock meridians, invigorate blood, and dissipate pathogenic stagnation. How can one treat it solely based on the three pathogens? Only Zhu Danxi grasped this principle. The *Neijing* originally included Rebi (Heat Bi, 热痹); this is not a forced interpretation. Therefore, Bi syndromes where pain and itching are known are easier to treat, whereas those without redness or pain but with obstruction are difficult to cure. Early intervention is crucial; delay will inevitably lead to irritability, panting, and vomiting, injuring the Lung; upper Qi rising, dry throat, and abdominal fullness, injuring the Heart; excessive drinking, frequent urination, and night terrors, injuring the Liver; sitting on the coccyx instead of buttocks, spine curved replacing the head, injuring the Kidney; limb flaccidity, coughing, and foamy vomiting, injuring the Spleen. When the five Zang organs are damaged, the condition is perilous and hard to heal. Additionally, there are cases such as Baobi (Bladder Bi, 胞痹), Changbi (Intestinal Bi, 肠痹), Zhoubi (General Bi, 周痹), Xuebi (Blood Bi, 血痹), and Zhiyin acting as Bi (Fluid Retention mimicking Bi, 支饮作痹). One must extensively consult various texts to seek the complete understanding.