论曰∶《内经》谓肾为水肿，肺为喘呼，气逆不得卧。盖肾主水，肺主气，肾虚不能制
水，水气胀满，上乘于肺，肺得水而浮，故上气而咳嗽。古方有曰，肿从脚起，上气而咳，
名曰白水，其病在肺。
治水咳逆上气，通身肿满短气，昼夜倚壁不得卧，喉中水鸡声，大小便不通，饮食不下，
而不甚渴。白前汤方。
白前（三两） 紫菀（去苗土四两） 半夏（汤洗七遍五两） 生泽漆根（三两） 桂
（去粗皮三两） 人参（一两半） 白术（五两） 干姜（炮二两） 赤茯苓（去黑皮四两）
吴茱萸（汤洗，焙，炒五两） 杏仁（三两去双仁、皮尖，研） 葶苈（炒二两） 栝蒌实
（三两）
上一十三味，细锉如麻豆。每服五钱匕，水一盏半，枣三枚劈破，同煎至八分，去滓
温服，小便微利，气下肿减。
治水肿上气。褚澄防己煮散方。
防己 泽漆叶 石苇（去毛） 泽泻（五两） 白术 丹参 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 陈橘
皮（汤浸
上一十一味，捣罗为散，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜半分（切），煎至八分，去滓
顿
服，日三服，以小便利为度。
治水气咳逆上气，四肢浮肿，坐卧不安。防己汤方。
防己（半两） 桑根白皮（锉） 木通（锉） 赤茯苓（去黑皮各一两） 郁李仁（汤
浸去皮，
微炒） 泽漆 甜葶苈（炒令紫色各半两） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白，焙二两） 百合（一两）
上九味，粗捣筛。每服五钱匕，以水一盏半，枣四枚劈破，同煎至七分，去滓，食前
温服。
治水肿，腹大喘咳，胸胁满不得卧。鲤鱼汤方。
鲤鱼（一枚重三斤，净去鳞、肠、肚） 桂（去粗皮） 紫菀（去苗土各三两） 防己 黄
芩
上七味，除鱼外，粗捣筛，用水一斗，煮鱼如食法。取汁五升，去鱼，每服药末五钱匕，
汁一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓温服，日三。
治水肿盛满，气急喘嗽，小便涩赤如血者。泽漆汤方。
泽漆叶（微炒五两） 桑根白皮（炙黄，锉三两） 白术（一两） 郁李仁（汤浸去皮，
炒
熟三两） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖、双仁，炒一两半） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白，炒干一两） 人参
（一
两半）
上七味，粗捣筛。每服五钱匕，用水一盏半，生姜一枣大拍破，煎至八分，去滓温服，
以利黄水三升及小便利为度。
治水气身面肿满，气急喘嗽，小便赤涩。郁李仁汤方。
郁李仁（汤浸去皮，炒干）一两 桑根白皮（炙令黄，锉）半两 泽漆茎叶（微炒，切）
半两
皮）一两半
上六味，粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，水二盏，生姜一枣大（拍破），同煎至八分，去滓温服，
小便利佳，可服三二料。
治胸中喘咳逆，水气身肿。利小便。白雌鸡汤方。
白雌鸡（一只去肠脏，治如食法） 泽漆（切碎二两） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑三两） 白
术（一
上五味，除鸡外，粗捣筛，先用东流水五升，煮鸡令烂熟，去鸡，内药末五钱匕，煮赤
小豆一合，大枣三枚劈，生姜三片，俟豆熟，去滓温服，日三夜一。
治遍体浮肿，腹胀上气不得卧，大小便涩。先服大枣散，后服海蛤丸取瘥，瘥后三年，
不得食肉入房，不尔病必重发。大枣散方。
芫花（微炒一分） 甘遂（炙半两） 大戟（煨，去皮一分）
上三味，捣罗为散。每服一钱匕，以大枣十枚，水一盏半，煮枣二十沸，去枣调药，空
心顿服，当利勿止。如此三服后，可服海蛤丸。
海蛤丸方。
海蛤（别研） 赤茯苓（去黑皮各一两） 野狼毒（煨熟三分） 桑根白皮（炙，锉） 玄
参（微
炙各一两） 腻粉（半两） 薏苡仁 陈橘皮（汤浸去白，焙） 防己 葶苈（炒紫色，研）
杏仁（汤浸去皮尖、双仁，炒各一两）
上一十一味，除海蛤外，捣罗为末，同海蛤再研匀，炼蜜和丸如小豆大。每服空心橘皮
汤下三十丸，日三服，五日后觉齿痒即住药。齿肿口疮，即是瘥候。
治水咳逆上气，通身洪肿，短气胀满，昼夜不得卧，喉中鸣，大小便不通，不下食而不
甚渴。大白前汤方。
白前（一两半） 紫菀（去土二两） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑三两） 生泽漆根（微炒二
两）
上四味，粗捣筛。每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓，又内后药∶
桂（去粗皮一两半） 人参（三分） 白术 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 吴茱萸（水浸一宿，
焙干，炒
二两）
上八味，粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，入生姜一块拍碎，大枣三枚劈破，同入前药汁，再
煎至八分，去滓温服，当得大小便微利，即气通肿减。
治水咳逆上气，通身浮肿，短气肠满，昼夜倚壁不得卧，喉中水鸡声。白前汤方。
白前（去土三分） 紫菀（去土一两半） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑三两） 泽漆根（细切，
微炒
三两半） 桂（去粗皮一两半） 人参 干姜（炮各半两） 栝蒌（一枚去皮） 白术（一
两） 吴
茱萸
上一十味，粗捣筛。每服用五钱匕，水三盏，入枣二枚，生姜一块（拍破），煎至一盏
半，
去滓，分二服，当小便利，或微溏，肿即减。
治水气面体浮肿，咳嗽气促。黄 汤方。
黄 （锉三分） 桑根白皮（炙，锉） 柴胡（去苗） 赤芍药（锉，微炒） 赤茯苓
（去黑皮
各半）两 陈橘皮（汤浸去白，焙） 麦门冬（去心，焙） 恶实（微炒） 甘草（炙）各
三分
上九味，粗捣筛。每服三钱匕，水二盏，煎至七分，去滓温服，不拘时候。
治水肿上气不得卧，头面身体悉肿。大葶苈丸方。
葶苈（一两一分熬研如泥） 泽漆茎（熬） 赤茯苓（去黑皮） 陈橘皮（汤浸去白，
焙各半
两） 甘遂 牵牛子（各三分） 郁李仁（研半两）
上七味，捣研为末，炼蜜和丸如梧桐子大。每服五丸，以赤小豆饮及大麻子饮下，日再
服，稍加至七丸，以大小便微利为度。若渴，即饮以小豆麻子等汁。
治水气肿满，咳嗽喘痞，痰涎不利，眠睡不安。杏仁半夏丸方。
杏仁（汤浸去皮尖、双仁，麸炒） 半夏（汤洗七遍去滑各一两） 椒目（半两） 贝
母（去
心，炒） 防己（各一两） 苦葶苈（二两隔纸微炒）
上六味，捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸如梧桐子大。每服二十丸，食后临卧煎桑根白皮汤下。
治内虚外实，久有积聚，营卫不通，甚者变为赤水，此为病从心起，入于皮肤，肿满皮
浓，体重上气，卧烦而躁。葶苈丸方。
葶苈（炒令紫半合） 防己 椒目 大黄（锉碎，醋拌炒各一两半） 蓖麻子（去皮半
两）
郁李仁（汤浸去皮，炒一两）
上六味，捣罗为末，炼蜜同枣肉和丸，如小豆大。每服十丸，空心温酒下。如不动，加
至十五、二十丸。
治水肿上气，大便涩。牵牛子丸方。
牵牛子（炒一两半） 葶苈（炒熟二两） 杏仁（去皮尖、双仁，麸炒一百枚别研） 大
枣
（煮去皮、核十枚研） 芒硝（半两研） 牛酥（半合）
上六味，先捣前二味为末，入杏仁等研匀，次入牛酥，更捣万杵，丸如绿豆大。每服八
丸至十丸，空心粥饮下。
治水在肺，令人咳喘上气，腹大脚肿，目下如卧蚕，微渴，不得卧，小便难，少而数，
胸满隐痛，此水气迫肺也。宜利小便。泽漆根汤方。
泽漆根（生四两） 麦门冬（去心，焙） 甘草（炙） 人参 赤茯苓（去黑皮各一两）
鲤鱼
（一斤者一头）
上六味，将五味粗捣筛，先用水三升，煮鱼取汁一升，去鱼。每服三钱匕，汁一盏，煎
至七分，去滓温服，日三，以小便利为度，不利增服。如大便利、小便未利者，增至四合，
初服一日气即下，得安卧。有寒，可加生姜二两切焙。
Commentary states: The *Neijing* (Inner Canon) mentions that the Kidney causes edema, the Lung causes panting and calling out, and rebellious Qi prevents lying down. This is because the Kidney governs water metabolism, and the Lung governs Qi dynamics. When Kidney deficiency fails to control water, water Qi becomes distended and full, attacking upward into the Lung. The Lung, affected by water, becomes hyperactive, resulting in rebellious Qi and coughing. Ancient formulas state that edema starting from the feet, accompanied by rebellious Qi and coughing, is called "White Water," with the pathology located in the Lung.
[Baiqian Tang] For treating cough and rebellious Qi caused by water retention, general body swelling and fullness, shortness of breath, inability to lie down day or night (only able to lean against a wall), a sound like a water chicken in the throat, obstruction of urination and defecation, difficulty in eating, but without significant thirst.
Baiqian (3 liang) Ziwan (4 liang, remove seedlings and soil) Banxia (5 liang, washed seven times in hot water) Sheng Zeqigen (3 liang) Guizhi (3 liang, remove rough bark) Renshen (1.5 liang) Baizhu (5 liang) Ganjiang (2 liang, processed) Chifuling (4 liang, remove black skin) Wuzhuyu (5 liang, washed in hot water, dried, stir-fried) Xingren (3 liang, remove double kernels and skin tips, crushed) Tinglizi (2 liang, stir-fried) Gualoushi (3 liang)
The above thirteen ingredients are finely chopped like hemp seeds. Each dose consists of 5 qianbi, boiled with 1.5 zhan of water and three broken jujubes until reduced to 0.8 zhan. Strain and take warm. After taking, if urination slightly increases and Qi descends, the swelling will subside.
[Chucheng Fangji Zhusan] For treating edema with rebellious Qi.
Fangji Zeqieye Shiwei (remove hairs) Zexie (5 liang) Baizhu Danshen Chifuling (remove black skin) Chenpi (soaked in hot water...) [Text incomplete here]
The above eleven ingredients are pounded and sifted into a powder. Each dose is 5 qianbi, boiled with 1.5 zhan of water and 0.5 fen of sliced fresh ginger until reduced to 0.8 zhan. Strain and take at once, three times a day. Stop when urination becomes smooth.
[Fangji Tang] For treating water Qi causing cough and rebellious Qi, edema of the four limbs, and restlessness in sitting or lying.
Fangji (0.5 liang) Sangbaipi (chopped) Mutong (chopped) Chifuling (1 liang each, remove black skin) Yuliren (soaked in hot water, skin removed, lightly stir-fried) Zeqi Tian Tinglizi (0.5 liang each, stir-fried until purple) Chenpi (2 liang, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried) Baihe (1 liang)
The above nine ingredients are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qianbi, boiled with 1.5 zhan of water and four broken jujubes until reduced to 0.7 zhan. Strain and take warm before meals.
[Liyu Tang] For treating edema with abdominal distension, panting and coughing, chest and hypochondriac fullness preventing lying down.
Liyu (one fish weighing 3 jin, cleaned of scales, intestines, and stomach) Guizhi (remove rough bark) Ziwan (3 liang each, remove seedlings and soil) Fangji Huangqin
The above seven ingredients, excluding the fish, are coarsely pounded and sifted. Boil the fish in one dou of water as food preparation. Take five sheng of the juice, discard the fish. Mix with 5 qianbi of the medicine powder, boil with 1.5 zhan of juice until reduced to one zhan. Strain and take warm, three times a day.
[Zeqi Tang] For treating severe edema and fullness, urgent panting and coughing, and turbid red urine resembling blood.
Zeqieye (lightly stir-fried 5 liang) Sangbaipi (3 liang, roasted yellow, chopped) Baizhu (1 liang) Yuliren (3 liang, soaked in hot water, skin removed, cooked) Xingren (1.5 liang, soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double kernels removed, stir-fried) Chenpi (1 liang, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried) Renshen (1.5 liang)
The above seven ingredients are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qianbi, boiled with 1.5 zhan of water and a piece of fresh ginger the size of a jujube (crushed) until reduced to 0.8 zhan. Strain and take warm. The goal is to discharge three sheng of yellow fluid and ensure smooth urination.
[Yuliren Tang] For treating water Qi causing facial and body swelling, urgent panting and coughing, and turbid, difficult urination.
Yuliren (1 liang, soaked in hot water, skin removed, dried) Sangbaipi (0.5 liang, roasted yellow, chopped) Zeqijingye (0.5 liang, lightly stir-fried, cut) [Text fragment] Chenpi (1.5 liang, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried)
The above six ingredients are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 3 qianbi, boiled with two zhan of water and a piece of fresh ginger the size of a jujube (crushed) until reduced to 0.8 zhan. Strain and take warm. Smooth urination is desirable; two to three doses may be taken.
[Baiciji Tang] For treating rebellious Qi and cough in the chest, water Qi causing body swelling. Promotes urination.
Baiciji (one hen, cleaned of viscera, prepared for eating) Zeqi (2 liang, chopped) Banxia (3 liang, washed seven times in hot water to remove slipperiness) Baizhu [Dose missing in text]
The above five ingredients, excluding the chicken, are coarsely pounded and sifted. First, boil the chicken in five sheng of flowing east water until tender. Remove the chicken. Add 5 qianbi of the medicine powder, one he of adzuki beans, three broken jujubes, and three slices of fresh ginger. Wait until the beans are cooked, strain, and take warm. Take three times during the day and once at night.
[Dazao San and Hai Ge Wan] For treating generalized edema, abdominal distension, rebellious Qi preventing lying down, and obstructed urination and defecation. First take Dazao San, then Hai Ge Wan to achieve recovery. For three years after recovery, avoid meat and sexual intercourse, otherwise the disease will likely recur.
[Dazao San Formula] Yuanhua (1 fen, lightly stir-fried) Gansui (0.5 liang, roasted) Daji (1 fen, roasted, skin removed)
The above three ingredients are pounded and sifted into a powder. Each dose is 1 qianbi. Boil ten jujubes in 1.5 zhan of water for twenty boils. Remove the jujubes, mix with the medicine powder, and take on an empty stomach at once. Diarrhea should not be stopped. After three such doses, Hai Ge Wan can be taken.
[Hai Ge Wan Formula] Haige (separately ground) Chifuling (1 liang each, remove black skin) Yelangdu (3 fen, roasted until cooked) Sangbaipi (roasted, chopped) Xuanshen (1 liang each, lightly roasted) Nifen (0.5 liang) Yiyiren Chenpi (soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried) Fangji Tinglizi (stir-fried until purple, ground) Xingren (1 liang each, soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double kernels removed, stir-fried)
The above eleven ingredients, excluding Haige, are pounded into powder. Mix with Haige and grind evenly. Combine with refined honey to form pills the size of small beans. Take thirty pills on an empty stomach with Chenpi decoction, three times a day. Stop medication after five days if teeth feel itchy. Gum swelling and mouth ulcers indicate recovery.
[Da Baiqian Tang] For treating water-induced cough and rebellious Qi, massive whole-body swelling, shortness of breath and distension, inability to lie down day or night, throat sounds, obstruction of urination and defecation, inability to eat, and slight thirst.
Baiqian (1.5 liang) Ziwan (2 liang, remove soil) Banxia (3 liang, washed seven times in hot water to remove slipperiness) Sheng Zeqigen (2 liang, lightly stir-fried)
The above four ingredients are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qianbi, boiled with 1.5 zhan of water until reduced to one zhan. Strain, then add the following:
Guizhi (1.5 liang, remove rough bark) Renshen (3 fen) Baizhu Chifuling (remove black skin) Wuzhuyu (2 liang, soaked in water overnight, dried, stir-fried)
The above eight ingredients are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 3 qianbi, added with a piece of crushed fresh ginger and three broken jujubes to the previous liquid. Re-boil until reduced to 0.8 zhan. Strain and take warm. Mild improvement in urination and defecation indicates Qi flow restoration and swelling reduction.
[Baiqian Tang] For treating water-induced cough and rebellious Qi, generalized edema, shortness of breath and intestinal fullness, inability to lie down day or night (leaning against wall), and water-chicken sounds in the throat.
Baiqian (3 fen, remove soil) Ziwan (1.5 liang, remove soil) Banxia (3 liang, washed seven times in hot water to remove slipperiness) Zeqigen (3.5 liang, finely cut, lightly stir-fried) Guizhi (1.5 liang, remove rough bark) Renshen Ganjiang (0.5 liang each, processed) Gualou (one fruit, skin removed) Baizhu (1 liang) Wuzhuyu [Dose missing in text]
The above ten ingredients are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 5 qianbi, boiled with three zhan of water, two jujubes, and a piece of crushed fresh ginger until reduced to 1.5 zhan. Strain and divide into two doses. Smooth urination or mild loose stools indicate swelling reduction.
[Huangqi Tang] For treating water Qi causing facial and body edema, coughing, and rapid breathing.
Huangqi (3 fen, chopped) Sangbaipi (roasted, chopped) Chaihu (remove seedlings) Chishao Yao (chopped, lightly stir-fried) Chifuling (0.5 liang each, remove black skin) Chenpi (soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried) Maimendong (remove heart, dried) Niuxibangzi (lightly stir-fried) Gancao (roasted) (3 fen each)
The above nine ingredients are coarsely pounded and sifted. Each dose is 3 qianbi, boiled with two zhan of water until reduced to 0.7 zhan. Strain and take warm, at any time.
[Da Tingli Wan] For treating edema with rebellious Qi preventing lying down, and generalized swelling of the head, face, and body.
Tinglizi (1.1 liang, roasted and ground into paste) Zeqijing (roasted) Chifuling (remove black skin) Chenpi (0.5 liang each, soaked in hot water, white pith removed, dried) Gansui Qianniuzi (3 fen each) Yuliren (0.5 liang, ground)
The above seven ingredients are pounded and ground into powder. Combine with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take five pills with Adzuki Bean Drink or Hemp Seed Drink, twice a day. Gradually increase to seven pills. Stop when urination and defecation mildly improve. If thirsty, drink Adzuki Bean or Hemp Seed juices.
[Xingren Banxia Wan] For treating water Qi swelling and fullness, coughing, wheezing, phlegm obstruction, and restless sleep.
Xingren (soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double kernels removed, bran-roasted) Banxia (1 liang each, washed seven times in hot water to remove slipperiness) Jiaomu (0.5 liang) Beimu (remove heart, stir-fried) Fangji (1 liang each) Ku Tinglizi (2 liang, lightly stir-fried between papers)
The above six ingredients are pounded and sifted into powder. Combine with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take twenty pills after meals and before bed, with Sangbaipi decoction.
[Tingli Wan] For treating internal deficiency and external excess, long-standing accumulations, blocked Ying and Wei, progressing to "Red Water" (blood-tinged edema). The disease originates from the Heart, enters the skin, causing thick swollen skin, heavy body, rebellious Qi, and烦躁 (restlessness) while lying down.
Tinglizi (0.5 he, stir-fried until purple) Fangji Jiaomu Dahuang (1.5 liang each, chopped, stir-fried with vinegar) Bimazi (0.5 liang, skin removed) Yuliren (1 liang, soaked in hot water, skin removed, stir-fried)
The above six ingredients are pounded and sifted into powder. Combine with refined honey and jujube flesh to form pills the size of small beans. Take ten pills on an empty stomach with warm wine. If ineffective, increase to fifteen or twenty pills.
[Qianniuzi Wan] For treating edema with rebellious Qi and obstructed defecation.
Qianniuzi (1.5 liang, stir-fried) Tinglizi (2 liang, cooked and stir-fried) Xingren (100 pieces, skin and tips removed, bran-roasted, separately ground) Dazao (ten pieces, boiled, skin and pits removed, ground) Mangxiao (0.5 liang, ground) Niusu (0.5 he)
The above six ingredients: first pound the first two into powder, mix with ground Xingren, then add Niusu and pound ten thousand times. Form pills the size of mung beans. Take eight to ten pills on an empty stomach with porridge drink.
[Zeqigen Tang] For treating water in the Lung causing cough, panting, and rebellious Qi, large abdomen and foot edema, eyes looking like sleeping silkworms, slight thirst, inability to lie down, difficult, scanty, and frequent urination, chest fullness and hidden pain. This is water Qi pressing on the Lung. Promote urination.
Zeqigen (4 liang, raw) Maimendong (remove heart, dried) Gancao (roasted) Renshen Chifuling (1 liang each, remove black skin) Liyu (one fish weighing one jin)
The above six ingredients: coarsely sift the five herbs. First boil the fish in three sheng of water to obtain one sheng of juice. Discard the fish. Take 3 qianbi of medicine, boil with one zhan of juice until reduced to 0.7 zhan. Strain and take warm, three times a day. Stop when urination improves; if not, increase dose. If stool is loose but urination is not improved, increase to four he. After the first day's dose, Qi will descend, allowing peaceful sleep. If cold signs are present, add 2 liang of sliced and roasted fresh ginger.