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Commentary states: The symptoms of dim vision (Mù hūn àn) mainly present in two aspects. When Liver Qi is deficient, blood becomes weak; when Kidney Qi is deficient, essence declines. Weak blood and declining essence fail to nourish the eyes, gradually leading to dim vision. Furthermore, *Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases) states that the eyes are the convergence point of Yin and Yang Qi from the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, all of which ascend to the eyes. If Qi and blood are sufficient, vision is clear and distinct; if Qi and blood are exhausted, Wind pathogen easily invades, causing dim and unclear vision.

For treating eye diseases caused by lingering residual heat after contracting Cold Damage (Shāng Hán), rising early while the body is still weak and un-recovered, and consuming excessive hot-natured foods, resulting in seeing black spots floating in vision, dilated pupils, intermittent attacks, red eyelids with tearing, and swelling of fleshy growths, it is appropriate to take Xiongdan Wan (Bear Gallbladder Pill).
Xiong Dan (Bear Gallbladder, one piece) Shijueming (Concha Heterodonis) Chongweizi (Fructus Ulmi Japonicae) [each 2 liang] Huangniu Dan (Ox Gallbladder, 1 qian) Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis) Cheqianzi (Semen Plantaginis) Xixin (Radix Asari) [each 1 liang]
Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, 2 liang)
The above eight herbs are crushed, sifted into powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 15 pills, taken with clear tea water; 20 pills are also acceptable.

For treating dim vision due to Wind-Toxin affecting the eyes, Jueming Wan (Cassia Seed Pill) formula.
Caoshuoming (Fructus Cassiae Praeparated, washed three times with decoction and dried) Jili Zi (Fructus Tribuli, "Ji" pronounced Xi, "Li" pronounced Mi) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted) Xixin (Radix Asari) Jingxiong (Radix Chuanxiong) Ganhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici) Jingjiesui (Herba Schizonepetae) Muzei (Hakka Tea Stem) Xuanfuhua (Flos Inulae) Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, soaked in river water, sliced, and sun-dried, equal parts)
The above ten herbs are crushed, sifted into powder, mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of cherries. Each dose is one pill, chewed thoroughly and swallowed with tea and wine, at any time.

For treating dim vision due to Wind-Toxin and eliminating nebula (Yì mó). Qianghuo San (Notopterygium Powder) formula.
Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, remove rhizome head, 1 liang) Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, soaked in rice wash water and baked, 2 liang) Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, remove forked branches) Chushizi (Fructus Broussonetiae) Jili Zi (Fructus Tribuli, stir-fry and remove spines) Chuanxiong (Radix Chuanxiong) [each 1 liang] Jingjiesui (Herba Schizonepetae, 2 liang) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted and cut, 1 liang) Juhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii, 2 liang)
The above nine herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Each dose is one Qianbi (approx. 3-5g), taken with rice drink, three times a day.

For treating long-standing and progressively worsening dim vision. Qingxiangzi San (Seed of Celosia Powder) formula.
Qingxiangzi (Semen Celosiae Argenteae, 2 liang) Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, remove rhizome head, 1 liang) Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, remove forked branches, 1 liang) Shijueming (Concha Heterodonis, 2.5 liang) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted, 1 liang)
Wuzeiyugu (Cutula Sepiae, 2 liang) Cantui (Exuviam Bombycatus) Chantui (Exuviam Cicadae) Shetuipi (Cutis et Os Serpentis) [These three herbs, 0.5 liang each, placed in a box filled with Chishizhi (Red Halloysite) to seal the mouth, fired on charcoal until red-hot without smoke emission] Jingjiesui (Herba Schizonepetae, 1.5 liang) Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, soaked in rice wash water, peeled, baked, 3.5 liang)
The above eleven herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Each dose is one Qianbi, taken with tea and wine, after meals and before bed.

For treating dim, dry, and painful eyes caused by Toxin-Water attacking and injecting. Qingxiangzi Wan (Seed of Celosia Pill) formula.
Qingxiangzi (Semen Celosiae Argenteae, 0.5 liang) Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan, remove heart) Digupi (Cortex Lycii) Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae, honey-roasted until yellow-brown, 0.5 liang each) Chishaoyao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra, 1 liang) Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, remove whiskers, 1 liang) Dilong (Pheretima, remove soil, 1 fen) Chuanxiong (Radix Chuanxiong, 0.5 liang)
The above eight herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of bullet shots. Each dose is one pill, chewed thoroughly and swallowed with clear tea water, taken after meals.

For treating alternating or fixed headaches, attack of Head-Wind, swollen and painful dim eyes, dizziness of head and eyes, and inability to rise or sit. Tianma Wan (Gastrodia Pill) formula.
Tianma (Rhizoma Gastrodiae, 1.5 liang) Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata, cracked, peel and remove umbilicus, 1 liang) Banxia (Rhizoma Pinelliae, washed seven times with decoction to remove slipperiness, 1 liang) Jingjiesui (Herba Schizonepetae, 0.5 liang) Muxiang (Radix Aucklandiae, 0.5 liang) Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi, remove rough bark, 1 fen) Chuanxiong (Radix Chuanxiong, 0.5 liang)
The above seven herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Add Ruxiang (Resina Olibani), mix evenly, add drops of water to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose starts at 5 pills, gradually increasing to 10 pills. Taken with clear tea water, three times a day.

For treating dim vision. Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) formula.
Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae, 2 jin total: half sun-dried naturally, half steamed for the duration of cooking a meal then sun-dried) Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum, 0.5 jin, peel and remove tips, stir-fry until black, pound into paste, wrap in paper weighing 3 liang, press to remove oil, change paper and press 4-5 times until powdery) Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, 4 liang) Jinchai Shihu (Caulis Dendrobii Nobile) Niuxi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae) Zhike (Fructus Aurantii, bran-roasted, remove pulp, 4 liang each)
The above six herbs are pounded in a stone mortar with a wooden pestle, sifted into fine powder. Mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 30 pills, taken on an empty stomach with wine filtered through beans (without ash).

For treating dim vision. Shengxi Yinzi (Fresh Rhinoceros Horn Decoction) formula.
Shengxijiao (Cornu Rhinocerotis, shaved) Jiegeng (Radix Platycodi) [each 2 liang] Lingyangjiao (Cornu Saigae Tataricae, shaved) Renshen (Radix Ginseng, remove rhizome head) Fuling (Sclerotium Poriae, peel) Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae) Zhimu (Rhizoma Anemarrhenae) Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae) [each 1 liang]
The above eight herbs are crushed and sifted into fine powder. Each dose is one Qianbi, boiled in one cup of water until reduced to half a cup. Strain and take warm after night meal.

For treating dim eyes. Chuanxiong San (Chuanxiong Powder) formula.
Chuanxiong (Radix Chuanxiong, 1 liang) Juhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii, 1 liang) Jingjiesui (Herba Schizonepetae, 1 liang) Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted, 0.5 liang)
The above five herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Each dose is two Qianbi, taken with warm water.

For treating dim vision due to Liver deficiency. Tugan Wan (Rabbit Liver Pill) formula.
Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, remove whiskers, 1.5 liang) Huhuanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis Teetae, 1 liang) Shugan Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, baked, 1 liang) Caoshuoming (Fructus Cassiae Praeparated, 0.5 liang)
The above four herbs are crushed and sifted into fine powder. Cut rabbit liver, pound until smooth, mix with powder to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 20 pills, taken with rice drink, after meals and before bed.

For treating dim vision caused by Head-Wind focusing on the eyes. Longdan Zhusan (Gentian Boiled Powder) formula.
Longdan (Radix Gentianae) Xixin (Radix Asari, remove seedlings and leaves) Renshen (Radix Ginseng) Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, remove forked branches) [each 0.5 liang]
The above four herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Each dose is two Qianbi, boiled in one cup of water with a little rock sugar until reduced to 60%. Take warm.

For treating long-term dim vision. Yeguang Wan (Night Vision Pill) formula.
Chenqumo (Powder of aged Qu, lightly stir-fried, 4 liang) Cishi (Magnetitum, fire red blocks quenched in vinegar seven times, finely ground and wet-processed, 2 liang) Dansha (Cinnabar, finely ground and wet-processed, 1 liang)
The above three herbs are pounded and ground into powder. Mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 10 pills, taken on an empty stomach with rice drink.

For treating eyes affected by Wind-Heat, causing dimness, dryness, and dull pain. Cheqianzi San (Plantago Seed Powder) formula.
Cheqianzi (Semen Plantaginis) Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, from Xuanzhou, remove whiskers) [each 1 liang]
The above two herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Each dose is three Qianbi, taken with warm wine after meals, and again before bed.

For treating dim vision due to deficiency of Qi in Liver and Kidney. Heidou Wan (Black Soybean Pill) formula.
Heidou (Black Soybeans, tight and small) Niudan (Ox Bile)
The above two ingredients: Select clean beans according to the volume of bile. Wipe beans with cloth, place inside ox gallbladder, tie tightly, hang in a clean house to dry in shade. After each meal, take 7-9 grains with cooked water.

For treating all types of dim eye diseases. Chanhua San (Cicada Flower Powder) formula.
Chanhua (Inflorescence Cicadae) Baiziren (Semen Platycladi) Yuliren (Semen Pruni Armeniacae, peel) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted and cut) Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, cut and stir-fried) Yanhusuo (Rhizoma Corydalis) Yuanzhi (Radix Polygalae, remove heart) Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, remove forked branches) Mimenghua (Flos Myricariae) Shiwei (Folium Pyrrosiae) Huajiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli) [each 1 liang] Ganhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici) Xuanfuhua (Flos Inulae) Shetui (Cutis et Os Serpentis, lightly roasted until scorched) Ganxie (Scorpio, stir-fried) Wuzeiyugu (Cutula Sepiae, remove shell) Chaoya (Tea buds) [each 0.5 liang]
The above seventeen herbs are made into powder. Each dose is one Qianbi, taken with rice drink after meals, three times a day. Effective repeatedly. Avoid wind-aggravating foods.

For treating dim vision and unclear sight. Shengbingzi (Holy Cake) formula.
Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, remove black heart) Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae) [each 1 liang] Juhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii) Muzei (Hakka Tea Stem) Xuanfuhua (Flos Inulae) Chanke (Exuviam Cicadae) Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, remove forked branches) Caoshuoming (Fructus Cassiae Praeparated) Qingxiangzi (Semen Celosiae Argenteae) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted and cut) Manjingzi (Fructus Viticis Negundo) Eshi (Fructus Arctii, stir-fried) Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, remove rhizome head) Sangye (Folium Mori) Tusizi (Semen Cuscutae) Chuanxiong (Radix Chuanxiong) Zhenzhu (Margarita, finely ground) [each 0.5 liang] Shetuipi (Cutis et Os Serpentis, 0.5 liang, sealed in bottle with salt mud and fired, used for nebula)
The above eighteen herbs are made into powder. Mixed with refined honey, pounded 300-500 times. Form into cakes the size of small bullets. Each dose is one cake, chewed with warm water after meals, or taken with rock sugar water.

For treating dim vision due to insufficiency of Liver and Kidney. Shengming San (Holy Brightness Powder) formula.
Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, remove rhizome head) Qingyan (Halitum) [each 0.5 liang] Shujiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, remove eyes and closed mouths, stir-fry until sweat appears) Eshi (Fructus Arctii) Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, soak in rice wash water overnight, slice and bake) Jingshi (Fructus Viticis Negundo) Muzei (Hakka Tea Stem) [each 1 liang]
The above seven herbs are crushed and sifted into fine powder. Each dose is two Qianbi, boiled in one cup of water until reduced to half a cup. Strain and take warm after meals.

For treating Liver Wind-Heat causing dim, dull, and painful eyes. Juemingzi San (Cassia Seed Powder) formula.
Juemingzi (Fructus Cassiae, 1 liang) Ganhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, 1 liang) Qingxiangzi (Semen Celosiae Argenteae, 1 liang) Lingyangjiaoxie (Cornu Saigae Tataricae, shavings, 1 liang) Chuanxiong (Radix Chuanxiong, 1 liang) Xijiaoxie (Cornu Rhinocerotis, shavings, 1 liang) Xuanshen (Radix Scrophulariae, 1 liang) Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae, 1 liang) Fuling (Sclerotium Poriae, 1 liang) Zhiziren (Semen Gardeniae, 1 liang) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted slightly red and cut, 0.5 liang)
The above eleven herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Each dose is four Qianbi, boiled in one cup of water with seven bamboo leaves until reduced to 60%. Strain and take warm after meals.

For treating Liver-Kidney Wind, Toxin-Water rushing to eyes, causing swelling, pain, and dimness. Juhua San (Chrysanthemum Powder) formula.
Juhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii, stir-fry 4 liang) Fangfeng (Radix Saposhnikoviae, remove rhizome head, 2 liang) Baijili (Fructus Tribuli, stir-fry, pound and remove spines, 1 liang) Niubangzi (Fructus Arctii, stir-fry until ripe, 1 liang) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted, 1 fen)
The above five herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Each dose is two Qianbi, taken with hot water.

For treating long-term deficiency of Liver and Kidney, dim vision, unclear sight, progressing to internal cataract (Nei zhang). Lingshu Wan (Poria and Atractylodes Pill) formula.
Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, soak in rice wash water: 7 days in autumn/winter, 3 days in spring/summer, peel, slice, bake, grind to powder, 3 jin) Baifuling (Sclerotium Poriae, remove black skin, grind to powder, 2 jin) Shujiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, remove eyes and closed mouths, stir-fry until sweat appears, grind to powder, 1 jin)
The above three herbs are mixed evenly. Use honey-boiled wheat paste to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 30-50 pills, taken with warm cooked water, at any time, three times a day.

For treating dim eyes. Ai Jian (Mugwort Decoction) formula.
Shuaii (Herba Artemisiae Argyi, prepared, 2 liang) Hao cu (Good vinegar, 2 sheng) Shutongmo (Fine copper powder, 1 fen) Qiugenbaipi (Cortex Cudraniae Tricuspidae white inner bark, 1.5 liang, roots/leaves optional) Ruiren (Semen Prini) Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, remove whiskers) Shiyán (Rock Salt) [each 1 liang]
The above seven herbs: Pound and grind six herbs (excluding vinegar) into powder. Place in vinegar, boil to obtain 3 he. Strain and collect juice in a cooked copper vessel. Add Liyu dan (Carps Gallbladder) and Wuji dan (Hen Gallbladder), each 1 fen, mix evenly. Use去皮 (peeled) Huaimu (Sophora tree wood), width 3 fingers, length 1 chi. Grind medicine in sunlight without stopping hands. Stop when consistency resembles maltose. Apply to eye corners at night avoiding wind. Do not apply at noon. Tears flowing out is normal.

For treating unclear vision, dimness, and tonifying deficiency. Shanyu Wan (Chinese Yam Pill) formula.
Shanyu (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) Bajitian (Radix Morinda Officinalis, remove heart) Tusizi (Semen Cuscutae, soak in wine, pound separately) Roucongrong (Herba Cistanche, soak in wine, slice, bake) Shanzhuyu (Fructus Corni) Renshen (Radix Ginseng) Chenqu (Aged Qu, stir-fried) Niuxi (Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, soak in wine, slice, bake) Duzhong (Cortex Eucommiae, remove rough bark, roast) Xuduan (Radix Dipsaci) [each 1.5 liang] Sangjisheng (Ramulus Taxilli) Shenggan Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, baked) [each 3 liang]
The above twelve herbs are crushed and sifted into powder. Mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 20 pills, gradually increasing to 30 pills, taken with wine on an empty stomach.

For treating dim vision, benefiting blood vessels, suppressing Liver Fire. Kongqing Wan (Azurite Pill) formula.
Kongqing (Azurite, finely ground, 3 liang) Lingyangjiao (Cornu Saigae Tataricae, shaved) Matijuemingzi (Semen Cassiae obtusifoliae) Fushen (Sclerotium Poriae cum Radix Pinelliae, remove wood) Zhike (Fructus Aurantii, remove pulp, bran-roasted) Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, cut and stir-fried) Qingxiangzi (Semen Celosiae Argenteae) Difuzi (Fructus Kochiae) Longdan (Radix Gentianae) Cheqianzi (Semen Plantaginis) [each 1.5 liang] Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis, remove whiskers, 1.5 liang; another version uses 3 liang)
The above eleven herbs are pounded and ground into powder. Mixed with refined honey to form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 20 pills, taken with rice drink after meals, twice a day.

For treating all eye diseases and brightening vision. Juhua Wan (Chrysanthemum Pill) formula.
Juhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii, 4 liang) Wutou (Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii, raw, peel and remove umbilicus, 2 liang) Heidou (Black Soybeans, 2 he, raw, peel, grind to powder, drip salt water, pound into paste)
The above three herbs: First make the first two into powder. Mix into black soybean paste, pound together. Form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 30 pills, taken on an empty stomach with warm wine or salt water.

For treating various dim eye diseases. Yeguang Wan (Night Vision Pill) formula.
Shujiao (Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, remove eyes and closed mouths, stir-fry until sweat appears, 1.5 jin, pound and sift to get 1 jin powder) Ganhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, powder, 1 jin)
The above two herbs: Mix evenly. Take 15 jin of fertile Dihuang (Radix Rehmanniae), chop, pound, grind, and squeeze to obtain 8-9 dou of juice. Mix the herb powders into the juice evenly. Sun-dry until slightly dry, spread on plate, sun-dry for 3-4 days until dry but not overly brittle. Add 2 jin of refined honey, pound thousands of times. Form pills the size of Sophora seeds. Each dose is 30 pills, taken on an empty stomach at noon with cooked water. Long-term use allows night vision, turns white hair black, enhances spirit and will, prolongs life.

For treating all eye diseases. Zhigan San (Roasted Liver Powder) formula.
Mazi (Cannabis Seeds, 1 sheng, select and pound to powder)
One herb: Take one piece of pig liver, palm-sized, slice thinly into 5-7 pieces. Dip in powder, roast until dry, dip again, roast again, until powder is consumed. Pound into powder. Each dose is one Zibi (approx. 1-2g), on an empty stomach and before bed, taken with aged rice drink. After 5-7 doses, increase by half Zibi. After another 5-7 doses, increase to half Qianbi (approx. 2.5g) and stop.

For treating all eye diseases. Muzei San (Hakka Tea Stem Powder) formula.
Muzei (Equiseti Herba, soak in urine for 7 days, take out and sun-dry) Gancao (Radix Glycyrrhizae, roasted and cut, 1 liang) Cangzhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, 4 liang, soak in river water for 1 day, peel, then soak in aged millet rice wash water for 7 days, drain, slice, sun-dry)
The above three herbs. Pound and sift into powder. Each dose is two Qianbi, on an empty stomach and before bed, taken with tea and wine.

For treating blindness. Lingyangjiao Yin (Saiga Antelope Horn Decoction) formula.
Lingyangjiao (Cornu Saigae Tataricae, shaved) Juhua (Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii) Qianghuo (Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, remove rhizome head) [each 3 fen] Loulu (Radix Euphorbiae Humifusae, remove rhizome head) Huhuanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis Teetae) Xuanshen (Radix Scrophulariae) Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) [each 0.5 liang]
The above seven herbs. Coarsely crush and sieve. Each dose is five Qianbi, boiled in 1.5 cups of water until reduced to 80%. Strain and take warm after meals, twice a day.