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[Jianghuang (Curcuma Longa Rhizome)]
Pungent, bitter, very cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats accumulations and masses in the heart and abdomen, Zhu Wu (a condition characterized by mental confusion or abdominal pain caused by pathogenic factors), directs rebellious Qi downward, breaks blood stasis, clears wind-heat, dissipates carbuncles and swellings. Its efficacy is more potent than that of Yujin (Curcumae Radix). Ri Huazi states: It is warm in nature and non-toxic. It treats Zheng Jia (abdominal masses) and blood clumps, carbuncles and swellings, regulates menstruation, treats bruises and traumatic blood stasis, reduces swelling and toxicity, stops sudden wind-pain and Qi stagnation pain, and promotes digestion. Those grown in Hainan are called Peng E Zhu (Curcumae Phaeocaulis Rhizoma), while those grown in Jiangnan are indeed Jianghuang. Another view holds that it is most effective in treating Qi stagnation.

[Honglanhua (Carthami Flos)]
Pungent, bitter, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats blood accumulation, directs Qi downward, generates flesh, stops bleeding, breaks down evil blood, treats Blood Lin (dysuria with hematuria), hematuria, and Jin Chuang (traumatic wounds caused by metal weapons). The "Yao Lun" states: It can be used alone. It treats accumulated blood and Qi stagnation in women; it should be taken after being ground with warm vinegar. It is also used as a medicinal feed for horses to treat distension and pain, breaking blood while providing tonification. The "Jingyan Fang" states: To treat persistent hematuria. Decoct and take it together with scallion white. The best origin is Shuzhong (Sichuan), known by Hu people as "Ma Shu".

[Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum)]
Pungent, sweet, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi, is good at calming asthma, treats Hou Bi (sore throat with obstruction), various types of convulsive epilepsy, pathogenic cold and heat, Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), wheezing and breathing difficulties... [Text appears incomplete here]. The "Yaoxing Lun" states: As the Sovereign herb, it primarily treats rapid lung Qi and urgency, acute heat with fatigue, continuous unceasing cough, thick and sticky sputum, and treats Lung Abscess with expectoration of pus. Ri Huazi states: It moistens the lungs and heart, benefits the five Zang organs, eliminates irritability, tonifies deficiency and exhaustion, resolves phlegm and stops cough, treats Lung萎 (Lung flaccidity) with hemoptysis, heart deficiency with palpitations and fright, cleanses the liver and brightens the eyes, and treats stroke. Armeniacae Semen Amarum serves as the Assistant herb. Synergistic effects: Used with Zi Wan (Asteris Radix), it is effective. Antagonistic effects: Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus, Natrii Sulfas, Scrophulariae Radix. Feared by: Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus, Magnoliae Flos, Ephedrae Herba, Astragali Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Celosiae Semen.

[Puhuang (Typhae Pollen)]
Pungent, warm in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats postpartum syncope with locked jaw, colic pain caused by incomplete expulsion of evil blood from the abdomen, fetal death in utero; all should be decocted in wine and taken. It can also treat toxic lower bleeding. It can be used as rouge and treats pediatric ear diseases [text seems truncated]. The "Haishang Fang" states: To treat severe throat obstruction due to Hou Bi. Taking its juice is extremely effective, and swallowing it leads to recovery. It treats women suffering from postpartum blood syncope and fainting. Zhang Zhongjing: Treats sixty-two types of wind pathogens, combined with treating stabbing pain in the abdomen caused by blood and Qi stagnation. The "Guangli Fang" states: To treat thirst and irritability caused by blood heat.