味辛甘，微温，微寒、无毒。主明目，益精，除水气，疗血逆，大热头痛心烦。日
云∶治产后血胀，及治勒乳痛成痈。一云∶治折伤瘀血及小儿疳痢、痔疾。茎∶主瘾疹
可作汤浴之。一名益母，一名益明，生海滨池泽，五月采。一云∶捣茎敷疔肿，服汁
内消，又下子死腹中。
味甘，平，无毒。主中风寒热，不能动摇，跌筋结肉，诸不足，心腹结气虚热，湿毒
痛，茎中寒及目痛 烂泪出。《药性论》云∶葳蕤，君。主时疾寒热，内补不足，去虚劳
热，头痛。萧炳云∶补中益气。日华子云∶除烦闷，止渴，润心肺，补五劳七伤，虚
脚疼痛，天行热狂。畏∶卤咸。
味辛甘苦，寒，无毒。主疝瘕肠泄，膀胱热结，溺不下，咳逆温疟，癫痫惊邪狂走
五脏虚气，小腹支满胪胀，口干。除肾邪，强志，久服坚骨髓，益气轻身。《药性论》云∶
君。有小毒。能治疝气， 癖气块，膀胱宿水，血气瘤，治鬼疟，主百邪鬼精怪，通气。
味苦甘，平，微温，无毒。主风寒所击，金疮止痛，奔豚痫 ，女子疝瘕。疗诸贼风
百节痛风无久新者。一名独活。《药性论》云∶君。味苦辛。能治中诸风湿冷，奔喘逆气
皮
虚损冷气，骨节酸疼，通利五脏。独活即羌活母类也。《唐本》注∶疗风独活，兼水用羌活
。豚实为使。生壅州、陇西、南安，二、八月采根，曝干。
[Chongwei Zi (Leonurus Fructus)]
Taste: Acrid, Sweet. Nature: Slightly Warm; some sources state Slightly Cold. Non-toxic. Primarily brightens the eyes, benefits essence and marrow, eliminates fluid retention, treats blood rebellion (blood qi counterflow), severe heat-induced headache, and vexation. *Ri Hua Zi* states: Treats postpartum blood distension, and mastalgia resulting from forced weaning that progresses to abscess formation. Another view states: Treats traumatic blood stasis, pediatric kan dysentery, and hemorrhoidal diseases. Stem: Primarily treats urticaria; can be decocted for bathing. Also known as Yimu (Motherwort) or Yiming. Grows in coastal ponds and marshes; harvested in the fifth lunar month. Another view states: Crushed stems applied externally treat carbuncles and sores; drinking the juice resolves internal swelling and expels a dead fetus in the womb.
[Weirui (Polygonatum Odorati Rhizoma / Polygonatum Sibiricum)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-stroke with alternating cold and heat, inability to move freely, sinew knots bound in flesh, various deficiencies, qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen with deficient heat, damp-toxin pain, cold sensation in the urethra, eye pain, and profuse tearing. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Weirui is the Sovereign herb. Primarily treats epidemic cold-heat syndromes, internally supplements deficiencies, clears deficient labor fever, and relieves headache. Xiao Bing states: Tonifies the middle and boosts qi. Ri Hua Zi states: Relieves vexation and stuffiness, stops thirst, moistens the lungs and heart, tonifies the five labors and seven injuries, treats weak and painful legs, and manages epidemic febrile madness. Aversion: Salty substances (Lu Xian).
[Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix)]
Taste: Acrid, Sweet, Bitter. Nature: Cold. Non-toxic. Primarily treats hernia masses and intestinal diarrhea, heat binding in the bladder with urinary retention, cough with rebellious qi and warm malaria, epilepsy, fright, evil spirits, manic wandering, deficiency qi of the five zang organs, fullness and distension in the lower abdomen, and dry mouth. Eliminates kidney pathogenic factors, strengthens willpower; long-term use solidifies bone marrow, boosts qi, and lightens the body. *Yao Xing Lun* states: It is the Sovereign herb. Slightly toxic. Can treat hernia, pi masses (abdominal lumps), retained water in the bladder, blood-qi tumors, ghost malaria, and various demonic/spiritual disturbances; promotes the flow of qi.
[Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix)]
Taste: Bitter, Sweet. Nature: Neutral, Slightly Warm. Non-toxic. Primarily treats strikes by wind-cold, relieves pain from metallic wounds (trauma), ben tun (running piglet) epilepsy, and female hernia masses. Treats various thief winds causing gouty pain in all joints, regardless of whether the condition is recent or chronic. Also known as Duhuo. *Yao Xing Lun* states: It is the Sovereign herb. Taste: Bitter, Acrid. Can treat various wind-damp-cold pathogens in the middle jiao, rebellious qi with panting, deficiency-cold in the skin, soreness and pain in bone joints, and unblocks the five zang organs. Duhuo and Qianghuo are of the same category. *Tang Ben Cao* annotation states: Use Duhuo for treating wind, and Qianghuo when water retention is involved. Used with Zhuanshi (likely referring to a specific preparation or partner herb, literally "pig fruit") as the Envoy. Grows in Yongzhou, Longxi, and Nan'an; roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and sun-dried.