《巢氏病源》小儿伤寒后下痢候，伤寒是寒气客于皮肤，搏于血气，使腠理闭密，气不宣泄，蕴积生热，使
头痛体疼而壮热也。其热歇后而痢者，是热从表入里故也。表热虽歇而里热犹停肠胃，与水谷相并。肠胃虚，
则泄痢，其状痢色黄；若热势不止，则变为血痢；若重遇冷热相加，则变赤白滞痢也。
《活人书》论伤寒小儿、大人治，一般但小分剂，药差凉耳。问∶下痢者，何也？伤寒下痢多种，须识别阴
阳，勿令差互。（三阳下利则身热，太阴下利手足温，少阴、厥阴下利身不热。以此别之。大抵下利挟太阳脉证便不得用
温药，俗医但见下利，便作阴证用温热药，鲜不发黄，生斑而死也。）太阳阳明合病，必下痢，葛根汤主之。（下利而头
疼、腰痛、肌热、目疼、鼻干，其脉浮大而长者，是其证也。）太阳、少阳合病，自下痢，黄芩汤主之。若呕者，黄芩
加半夏生姜也。（下利而头疼胸满，或口苦咽干，或往来寒热而呕，其脉浮大而弦者，是其证候也。）阳明、少阳合病，
必下利，其脉不负者，顺也；负者，失也。互相克贼，名为负也。（下利而身热，胸胁痞满，干呕，或往来寒热，其脉
长大而弦者，是实证也。盖阳明者土，其脉长大而少阳者木，其脉弦。若合病。土被木贼，更下利为胃已困，若脉不弦
者顺也，为土不负，负者死也。）自利不渴属太阴，（四逆汤、理中汤主之。）自利而渴属少阴，（白通汤加猪胆汤、通脉
四逆汤、猪苓汤、四逆加人参汤，可检证而用之。）其余下痢，皆因汗下后证也。大抵伤寒下痢，须看脉与外证。下痢
而脉大者，虚也。脉微弱者，为自止。下痢日十余行，脉反实者，逆。下利脉数而滑者，有宿食也，下之愈。脉迟而滑
者，实也，其利未得便止，更宜下之。下利三部脉皆平，按其心下硬者，急下之。挟热利者，脐下必热，大便赤黄色及
肠间津汁垢腻。（谓之肠垢。）寒毒入胃则翻，脐下必寒，腹胀满，大便或黄白，或青黑，或下利清谷。湿毒瓦斯盛则下利
腹痛，大便如脓血，或如烂肉汁也。下利欲饮水者，以有热也。下利谵语者，有燥屎也。寒毒入胃者，四逆汤、理中汤、
白通汤加附子、四逆散加薤白主之。挟热利者，黄芩白头翁汤、三黄熟艾汤、薤白汤、赤石脂丸。湿毒下脓血者，桃花
汤、地榆汤、黄连阿胶散。虽然自利而渴属少阴。然三阳下利亦有饮水者，乃有热也。三阴下利，宜温之。然少阴自
利清水，心下痛，口干燥者，却宜下之。此又不可不知也。（少阴泄利下重，不可投热药，先浓煎葱白汤，内四逆散，
用枳实、芍药之类。又寻常胃中不和，腹中雷鸣下利，生姜泻心汤最妙。此二法，不特伤寒证也。）
《活人书》仲景葛根汤
葛根（二两） 麻黄（一两半） 桂枝（去皮） 甘草（炙） 芍药（各一两）
上锉如麻豆大。每服抄五钱匕，生姜四片，枣子一枚，水一盏半，煮至八分，去滓温服，覆取汗为度。
《活人书》仲景黄芩汤
黄芩（一两半） 芍药 甘草（各一两）
上锉如麻豆大。每服抄五钱，枣子一枚，以水一盏半，煮至八分，去滓温服。
《活人书》仲景黄芩加半夏生姜汤
黄芩（三分） 半夏（二分半） 芍药 甘草（各二分）
上锉。每服五钱，生姜四片，大枣子一枚，以水二盏煮至八分，去滓温服。
《活人书》仲景四逆汤，方见伤寒自汗门中。
《活人书》仲景理中汤，方见伤寒自汗门中。
《活人书》仲景理中汤，方见伤寒结胸门中。
《活人书》仲景白通汤，方见伤寒呕噎门中。
《活人书》仲景白通加猪胆汁汤，方见伤寒呕噎门中。
《活人书》仲景通脉四逆汤，方见伤寒呕噎门。
《活人书》仲景猪苓汤，方见伤寒咳嗽门中。
《活人书》仲景四逆加人参汤
甘草（二两） 附子（一枚，生，去皮） 人参（一两） 干姜（一两半）
上锉如麻豆大。每服抄五钱匕，水一盏半，煮至八分，去滓温服，日三服。
《活人书》仲景白通汤加附子，方见伤寒呕噎门中。
《活人书》仲景四逆散加薤白，方见伤寒咳嗽门中。
《活人书》仲景白头翁汤，方见伤寒发渴门中。
《活人书》仲景三黄熟艾汤
黄芩 黄连 黄柏（各三分） 熟艾（半鸡子大）
上锉如麻豆大。以水二盏，煮取七分，去滓温服。
《活人书》薤白汤
豉（半斤，绵裹） 薤白（一握） 栀子（七枚，大者破之）
上锉如麻豆大。以水二升半，先煮栀子十沸，下薤白，煮至二升，下豉煮；取一升二合，去滓。每服一汤
盏。
《活人书》赤石脂丸
黄连 当归（各二两） 赤石脂 干姜（炮。各一两）
上捣罗为末，炼蜜和丸，如桐子大。每服三十丸，米饮吞下，日进三服。
《活人书》桃花汤
赤石脂（四两） 干姜（一分）
上锉如麻子大。每服四钱，入粳米二撮，水一盏半，煎至一盏，去滓，再入赤石脂末一方寸匕服，日三服。
若一服愈，勿再服。
《活人书》地榆散
地榆（锉） 黄连（去顶，微炒） 犀角屑 茜根 黄芩（各一两） 栀子仁（半两）
上件药捣为粗末。每服四钱，以水一盏，入薤白三寸，煎至六分，去滓。不计时候温服。
《活人书》黄连阿胶散
黄连（二两，去须，微炒） 阿胶（捣碎，炒令黄燥） 黄柏（微炙，锉。各一两） 栀子仁（半两）
上件药捣粗为末。每服四钱，以水一盏，煎至七分，去滓。不计时候温服。
《活人书》仲景生姜泻心汤
黄芩 甘草（炙） 人参（各一两半） 干姜 黄连（各半两） 半夏（一两一分）
上锉如麻豆大。每服抄五钱匕，水一盏半，生姜七片，枣子二枚，煮至一盏，去滓服。
长沙医者丁时发传治小儿伤寒，烦躁热，大便不止。栝蒌散
栝蒌根 麦门冬 甘草（炙） 柴胡 葛根（各半两） 枇杷叶（一分，拭去毛，炙黄）
上为末。每服一钱，水一盏，煎七分，温服。
According to *Chao Shi Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases by Master Chao) regarding the prognosis of dysentery following pediatric typhoid fever: Typhoid fever is caused by cold pathogenic factors invading the skin and contending with blood and qi, causing the cou li (skin pores and texture) to close tightly. This prevents the free diffusion of qi, leading to accumulation and transformation into heat, which results in headache, body pain, and high fever. If dysentery occurs after the heat subsides, it is because the heat has entered from the exterior into the interior. Although the exterior heat has ceased, interior heat remains stagnant in the intestines and stomach, mixing with food and fluids. If the intestines and stomach are deficient, diarrhea or dysentery ensues, characterized by yellow-colored stool; if the heat continues unchecked, it transforms into bloody dysentery; if further complicated by cold and heat pathogens, it becomes a dysentery with both red and white mucus.
The *Huo Ren Shu* (Book that Revives People) discusses the treatment of typhoid fever in children and adults, noting that the principles are generally the same, but dosages are smaller and the medicinal properties are cooler. Question: What constitutes dysentery? There are various types of dysentery caused by typhoid fever; one must distinguish between Yin and Yang patterns to avoid errors. (In Yang channel dysentery, there is body heat; in Taiyin channel dysentery, the hands and feet are warm; in Shaoyin and Jueyin channel dysentery, the body is not hot. These features help differentiate them. Generally, if dysentery presents with Taiyang pulse and symptoms, warming medicines should not be used. Empirical physicians often treat all dysentery as a Yin pattern using warming and hot medicines, rarely avoiding outcomes such as jaundice, macules, and death.) In combined diseases of Taiyang and Yangming, dysentery inevitably occurs, treated primarily with Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction). (Symptoms include dysentery accompanied by headache, lower back pain, muscle heat, eye pain, nasal dryness, and a floating, large, and long pulse.) In combined diseases of Taiyang and Shaoyang, spontaneous dysentery occurs, treated primarily with Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction). If vomiting is present, Huangqin Jia Banxia Shengjiang Tang (Scutellaria Decoction with Added Pinellia and Fresh Ginger) is used. (Symptoms include dysentery with headache and chest fullness, bitter taste in the mouth, dry throat, alternating chills and fever, vomiting, and a floating, large, and wiry pulse.) In combined diseases of Yangming and Shaoyang, dysentery inevitably occurs. If the pulse does not show "Fu" (defeat/negative), it is a favorable condition; if it shows "Fu," it is unfavorable. Mutual overacting is called "Fu." (Symptoms include dysentery with body heat, epigastric and hypochondriac stuffiness, dry retching, or alternating chills and fever, and a large, long, and wiry pulse, indicating an excess pattern. Yangming belongs to Earth, with a large and long pulse; Shaoyang belongs to Wood, with a wiry pulse. In combined disease, if Wood overacts on Earth, worsening the dysentery, the Stomach Qi is exhausted. If the pulse is not wiry, it is favorable, meaning Earth is not defeated by Wood; if "Fu" appears, it indicates death.) Spontaneous dysentery without thirst belongs to Taiyin (treated with Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction) or Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction)). Spontaneous dysentery with thirst belongs to Shaoyin (Baitong Tang (White Onion Decoction) with added Pig Bile, Tongmai Sini Tang (Unblock the Pulse Sini Decoction), Zhuling Tang (Polyporus Decoction), or Sini Jia Renshen Tang (Sini Decoction with Added Ginseng) may be selected based on the syndrome). Other forms of dysentery are sequelae after sweating or purging therapies. Generally, for dysentery in typhoid fever, one must observe the pulse and external signs. Dysentery with a large pulse indicates deficiency. A weak pulse suggests the dysentery will stop spontaneously. Dysentery occurring more than ten times a day with a seemingly strong pulse is an adverse sign. A rapid and slippery pulse indicates retained food residue, which can be cured by purging. A slow and slippery pulse indicates excess; the dysentery will not stop immediately, and purging is appropriate. If the pulses in all three positions are level but the epigastrium feels hard upon palpation, urgent purging is required. For dysentery with accompanying heat, the area below the umbilicus will be hot, and the stool will be reddish-yellow with greasy intestinal fluid (called chang gou, intestinal filth). When cold toxins enter the stomach, vomiting occurs, the area below the umbilicus is cold, abdominal distension is present, and stools may be yellow-white, green-black, or contain undigested food. When damp-toxic qi is abundant, dysentery with abdominal pain occurs, with stools resembling pus and blood or rotten meat juice. Desire to drink water during dysentery indicates heat. Delirium during dysentery indicates dry fecal matter. Cold toxins entering the stomach are treated with Sini Tang, Lizhong Tang, Baitong Tang with added Fuzi (Aconite Root), or Sini San (Frigid Extremities Powder) with added Xiebai (Allium Macrostemon Bulb). Dysentery with accompanying heat is treated with Huangqin Baitouweng Tang (Scutellaria and Pulsatilla Decoction), Sanhuang Shuai Ai Tang (Three Yellows and Cooked Mugwort Decoction), Xiebai Tang, or Chishizhi Wan (Red Halloysite Pill). Dysentery with pus and blood due to damp-toxin is treated with Taohua Tang (Peach Flower Decoction), Diyü Tang (Sanguisorba Decoction), or Huanglian Ejiao San (Coptis and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder). Although spontaneous dysentery with thirst belongs to Shaoyin, some cases of Yang channel dysentery also involve desire to drink water due to heat. Yin channel dysentery should be treated with warming methods. However, in Shaoyin disease, spontaneous discharge of clear water, pain in the epigastrium, and dry mouth/throat indicate the need for purging. This point must not be overlooked. (For Shaoyin dysentery with a sensation of heaviness in the anus, hot medicines should not be administered initially; instead, decoct Congbai Tang (Green Onion Decoction) strongly, add Sini San, and use Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Shaoyao (Peony Root). Additionally, for general stomach disharmony with borborygmus and dysentery, Shengjiang Xiexin Tang (Fresh Ginger Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium) is excellent. These two methods apply not only to typhoid fever syndromes.)
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Gegen Tang (Pueraria Decoction):
Gegen (Puerariae Radix, 2 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 1.5 liang), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus, peeled), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, 1 liang each).
Crush the herbs to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, with 4 slices of fresh ginger and 1 jujube, in 1.5 sheng of water. Boil down to 0.8 sheng, remove dregs, and take warm. Cover to induce sweating.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction):
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1.5 liang), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, 1 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, 1 liang).
Crush the herbs to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qian per dose, with 1 jujube, in 1.5 sheng of water. Boil down to 0.8 sheng, remove dregs, and take warm.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Huangqin Jia Banxia Shengjiang Tang (Scutellaria Decoction with Added Pinellia and Fresh Ginger):
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 fen), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 2.5 fen), Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix, 2 fen), Gancao (Licorice Root, 2 fen).
Crush the herbs. Take 5 qian per dose, with 4 slices of fresh ginger and 1 large jujube, in 2 sheng of water. Boil down to 0.8 sheng, remove dregs, and take warm.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Sini Tang (Frigid Extremities Decoction); see the "Spontaneous Sweating" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); see the "Spontaneous Sweating" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction); see the "Chest Fullness" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Baitong Tang (White Onion Decoction); see the "Vomiting and Choking" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Baitong Jia Zhu Dan Tang (White Onion Decoction with Added Pig Bile); see the "Vomiting and Choking" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Tongmai Sini Tang (Unblock the Pulse Sini Decoction); see the "Vomiting and Choking" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Zhuling Tang (Polyporus Decoction); see the "Cough" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Sini Jia Renshen Tang (Sini Decoction with Added Ginseng):
Gancao (Licorice Root, 2 liang), Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, raw, peeled, 1 piece), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 1.5 liang).
Crush the herbs to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, in 1.5 sheng of water. Boil down to 0.8 sheng, remove dregs, and take warm. Take three times daily.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Baitong Tang with added Fuzi; see the "Vomiting and Choking" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Sini San with added Xiebai; see the "Cough" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Baitouweng Tang (Pulsatilla Decoction); see the "Thirst" section of *Shanghan Lun*.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Sanhuang Shuai Ai Tang (Three Yellows and Cooked Mugwort Decoction):
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 fen), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 3 fen), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, 3 fen), Shuai Ai (Artemisiae Argyi Folium, cooked, size of half an egg).
Crush the herbs to the size of hemp seeds. Use 2 sheng of water, boil down to 0.7 sheng, remove dregs, and take warm.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Xiebai Tang (Allium Macrostemon Bulb Decoction):
Chi (Sojae Semen Praeparatum, wrapped in silk, 0.5 jin), Xiebai (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus, 1 handful), Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus, 7 large fruits, broken).
Crush the herbs to the size of hemp seeds. Use 2.5 sheng of water. First boil Zhizi for ten boils, then add Xiebai, boil down to 2 sheng, then add Chi and boil. Obtain 1.2 sheng, remove dregs. Take one tangwan (soup cup) per dose.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Chishizhi Wan (Red Halloysite Pill):
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 2 liang), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, 2 liang), Chishizhi (Halloysitum Rubrum, 1 liang), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, processed, 1 liang).
Grind into powder, mix with refined honey to form pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 30 pills per dose, swallowed with rice water. Take three times daily.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Taohua Tang (Peach Flower Decoction):
Chishizhi (Halloysitum Rubrum, 4 liang), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 1 fen).
Crush to the size of hemp seeds. Take 4 qian per dose, add 2 cuo of Jingmi (Oryza Sativa Germ), and 1.5 sheng of water. Decoct to 1 sheng, remove dregs, then add 1 fangcunbi of Chishizhi powder. Take three times daily.
If cured after one dose, do not take again.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Diyü San (Sanguisorba Powder):
Diyü (Sanguisorbae Radix, crushed), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, top removed, lightly fried), Xijiaoxie (Rhinocerotis Cornu Fragmenta, 1 liang each), Qianggen (Saussureae Radix, 1 liang), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1 liang), Zhiziren (Gardeniae Semen, 0.5 liang).
Grind the above herbs into coarse powder. Take 4 qian per dose, with 1 sheng of water and 3 cun of Xiebai. Decoct to 0.6 sheng, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Huanglian Ejiao San (Coptis and Donkey-Hide Gelatin Powder):
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, roots removed, lightly fried, 2 liang), Ejiao (Asini Corii Colla, crushed, fried until yellow and dry, 1 liang), Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex, lightly roasted, crushed, 1 liang), Zhiziren (Gardeniae Semen, 0.5 liang).
Grind the above herbs into coarse powder. Take 4 qian per dose, with 1 sheng of water. Decoct to 0.7 sheng, remove dregs. Take warm at any time.
*Huo Ren Shu* records Zhongjing's Shengjiang Xiexin Tang (Fresh Ginger Decoction to Drain the Epigastrium):
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 1.5 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, 1.5 liang), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 1.5 liang), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, 1.1 liang).
Crush the herbs to the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 qianbi per dose, with 1.5 sheng of water, 7 slices of fresh ginger, and 2 jujubes. Decoct to 1 sheng, remove dregs, and take.
Ding Shifa, a physician from Changsha, transmitted the Gualou San (Trichosanthes Powder) for treating pediatric typhoid fever with irritability, fever, and continuous diarrhea:
Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix, 0.5 liang), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix, 0.5 liang), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried, 0.5 liang), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 0.5 liang), Gegen (Puerariae Radix, 0.5 liang), Pipaye (Loquat Leaf, 1 fen, brushed clean of hairs, honey-fried).
Grind into powder. Take 1 qian per dose, with 1 sheng of water. Decoct to 0.7 sheng, and take warm.